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Our experience of hospitals and medical clinics is almost wholly determined by their architecture. The spatial and sensory qualities of our surroundings influence how we behave and relate to others, while also affecting our spiritual and physical wellbeing. It is proven that an abundance of daylight, access to fresh air and to low-stress uncluttered spaces aids the reduction of anxiety, elevates the mood and improves patients' outcomes. Sustainability is permeating all areas of architecture, and designers are investigating the connections between patient experience, wellbeing and long-term thinking in healthcare design. This issue of AD seeks out innovative and varied sustainable architectural responses to designing for health, such as: integrating sensory gardens and landscapes into the care environment; specifying local materials and passive technologies; and reinvigorating ageing postwar facilities. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches to sustainability are explored. Design solutions range from those employing passive thermal strategies and recycled materials in construction to those giving careful consideration to the manner in which a structure is positioned on site and orientated. Each design makes its own unique interpretation of the sustainable brief. Drawing on international built examples that excel in combining the highest level of healthcare with an enlightened approach to architectural design, this AD highlights the importance of designing for the long term, creating inspiring spaces, and connecting healthcare to the wider community.

The Earth’s temperature has been rising. To limit catastrophic outcomes, the international scientific community has set a challenging goal of no more than two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) average temperature rise. Economists agree we will save trillions of dollars by acting early. But how do we act successfully? And what’s the backup plan if we fall short? Setting politics aside, Two Degrees reviews the current science and explains how we can set practical steps to reduce the extent of warming and to adapt to the inevitable changes, all while improving the bottom line, beautifying our communities, and increasing human health. The book is a practical guide intended for a broad audience of those who occupy and shape our built environment. The authors provide a clear framework for communities, policy makers, planners, designers, developers, builders, and operators to help manage the impacts and capture the opportunities of our changing climate. Two Degrees is divided into three sections—Fundamentals, Mitigation, and Adaptation—covering a diverse array of topics ranging from climate-positive communities and low-carbon buildings to the psychology of choice and the cost of a low-carbon economy. After a foreword by Amory Lovins, more than 10 contributing authors share knowledge based on direct experience in all aspects of built environment practice. This book clarifies the misconceptions, provides new and unique insights, and shows how a better approach to the built environment can increase resilience and positively shape our future. \"This book is a must-read for people who want to know more about how better buildings can be the cornerstone for resiliency in our cities and our communities.\"— Rick Fedrizzi, President, CEO, and Founding Chair, U.S. Green Building Council \"We have our challenge laid out — Two Degrees provides a well-structured guide in which anyone who designs or builds in the built environment can find lasting value.\"— Ed Mazria , founder and CEO, Architecture 2030 \"A beautiful book, logically and accessibly laid out. I value its positive approach and rational sequencing for responding to threats that feel overwhelming. It reminds me of the way a doctor approaches a new and very sick patient who presents with a huge medical chart and a problem list that nearly immobilizes us with its complexity. But ‘no decision’ is a decision, and inaction, oftentimes, but not always, does more harm than good; the case demands a thoughtful action plan. Two Degrees disentangles the threats and, in this doctor’s mind, offers a ‘treatment’ plan that can save lives, environments, and resources.\"— Richard J. Jackson MD, Designing Healthy Communities , former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Environmental Health in Atlanta and former California Department of Public Health officer \"[ Two Degrees ] is a world-class book. There is a waterfall of ideas… Thoughtful. Clear. Two Degrees emerges from some of the best minds in sustainable practice. Enjoy!\"— Jim Cramer , Design Futures Council; chairman and principal, Greenway Group \"A truly unique approach to meeting the challenge of solving the complexity of global-scale climate change on a human scale, using practical, profitable, and sustainable approaches to developing buildings.\"— Jeffrey R. Koseff , Perry L. McCarty Director of the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment \" Two Degrees connects good science, professional practice, and people, with a dash of passion and optimism. A timely and important contribution, and an enjoyable book, well worth reading and sharing.\"— Steve Selkowitz , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Building Technology & Urban Systems \" Two Degrees presents a clear and cogent approach to building and community design to address the changing climate. As the authors state, this is not a book of theory — it contains solid strategies from three of the most experienced practitioners.\"— William Browning , Partner, Terrapin Bright Green Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments Part 1: Fundamentals 1. The Science of Climate Change 2. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Built Environment 3. Policies to Mitigate Climate Change 4. Sustainability and Climate Change Chapter 5. Mitigation and Adaptation. Part 2: Mitigation Strategies 6. Approaches to Zero Energy and Carbon 7. Low-Carbon and Zero-Carbon Buildings 8. Low-Carbon and Climate-Positive Communities 9. Getting to Zero for Existing Building Stock 10. Integrated Design 11. How We Choose: Evaluating Strategies and Trade-offs 12. Can We Afford a Low-Carbon Economy? 13. Corporate Leadership 14. The Walmart Story Part 3: Adaptation Strategies 15. Introduction to Adaptation and Resilience 16. Planning for Adaptation and Resilience 17. Designing for Warmer and Wetter Climates 18. Designing for Hotter and Drier Climates 19. Designing for Coastal Communities 20. Designing for Inland Communities Glossary. Author Biographies.

Two Degrees reviews the current science and predictions for global warming and looks at what steps can be taken to design the built environment to mitigate the extent of global warming and to adapt to inevitable changes in climate.

This chapter explores the climate change predictions, risks, andguidelines for successful adaptation. It builds on Chapter 15’sintroduction to adaptation by providing guidance on how toeffectively plan, design, and make policy. It also serves as a generalizedintroduction to the regional guideline chapters that follow, whichexplore adaptation in sequentially greater detail and design relevancefor select regions.

These oft-quoted lines from The Rime of the Ancient Mariner have aring of truth when considering some of the climate changes predictedfor this century. Rising sea levels will create problems for low-lyingcoastal communities but do nothing for areas that could see extendeddrought. Although precipitation will increase in some areas, it is likelyto come in more intense bursts with consequent flooding.

In most people’s vocabularies, design means veneer. It’s interiordecorating. It’s the fabric of the curtains or the sofa. But tome, nothing could be further from the meaning of design.Design is the fundamental soul of a human-made creationthat ends up expressing itself in successive outer layers ofthe product or service.

We the undersigned, senior members of the world’s scientificcommunity, hereby warn all humanity of what lies ahead. Agreat change in our stewardship of the earth and the life on it isrequired, if vast human misery is to be avoided and our globalhome on this planet is not to be irretrievably mutilated.

The term “Total Architecture” implies that all relevant designdecisions have been considered together and have beenintegrated into a whole by a well-organized team empoweredto fix priorities.Sir Ove Arup, 1970Up until the start of the twentieth century, all building design hadto use a holistic design approach. Buildings had no mechanical andelectrical systems to compensate for ineffective building design.

In our view, the climate change challenge will create moreeconomic opportunities than risks for the U.S. economy.U.S. Climate Action Partnership1THE ROLE OF CORPORATIONSIt is sometimes difficult for elected leaders and governments toinitiate, test, or mandate low-carbon technologies. At the nationalscale in the United States it has proven very difficult to pass climatemitigation policy due to the many well-funded special interests.