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Objectives/Goals: This study aim to identify cervical cancer prevention barriers and facilitators, assess the associations between social determinants of health factors and cervical cancer prevention, and examine the association between levels of health literacy and willingness to undertake HPV vaccine and cervical cancer screening among Black and Hispanic women. Methods/Study Population: To achieve Aim 1, we will conduct a quantitative survey on barriers and facilitators to cancer prevention among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women. For Aim 2, we will assess the relationship between Social Determinants of Health and HPV vaccination/cervical cancer screening using the AHC Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool. For Aim 3, health literacy will be measured using the SAHL–S&E test and its association with willingness to vaccinate or cervical cancer screening. We will analyze the results using chi-square and logistic regression models. Participants will be recruited through multiple methods. We will recruit 250 individuals who were assigned female at birth and identify as non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, aged 18–26 years, from Caddo and Bossier Parishes. Results/Anticipated Results: We expect to identify several barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer prevention among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, including factors like access to care, cultural beliefs, and knowledge gaps. Social determinants of health (SDOH), such as income, education, and healthcare access, will likely show a strong association with lower HPV vaccination, Pap smear, and HPV screening rates. Additionally, we anticipate that lower health literacy will correlate with reduced willingness to vaccinate or screen for HPV. These findings can bridge the gap between research and practical health applications by guiding the design of community-based behavioral interventions that enhance cervical cancer prevention among minority populations. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This research is the first to assess how SDOH factors impact cervical cancer prevention among Blacks and Hispanic women in North Louisianawhile also exploring the role of health literacy in HPV vaccination and screening. Findings will drive practical interventions to reduce disparities and improve outcomes.

Objectives/Goals: To reduce cervical cancer in the USA, it is essential to identify the reasons underlying the low HPV vaccination rates. This study aims to identify knowledge and beliefs about HPV vaccination among women in rural areas. The knowledge gained from this study will directly lead to developing an education tool tailored specifically for women in rural areas. Methods/Study Population: We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 2022 to July 2023. We recruited women (n  =  141) who visited a mobile health unit in rural North Louisiana. The inclusion criteria were women aged 25–64 years who spoke English, had not undergone a total hysterectomy, and had no history of cervical cancer. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, sexual history, awareness and knowledge of HPV infection, cervical cancer, genital warts, and HPV vaccination, the perceived risk of acquiring genital HPV infection and developing cervical cancer, and the willingness to receive an HPV vaccine. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate participant responses. Written informed consent was obtained before completing the self-administered questionnaire. Results/Anticipated Results: Our findings showed significant gaps in HPV vaccine knowledge and uptake. Approximately 40% of the participants were unaware of the HPV vaccine, 96.5% had never received it, and 91.4% had never been offered it. However, 42% indicated a willingness to consider vaccination if it were offered. Factors influencing their decision to vaccinate against HPV included a family history of cervical cancer (44.7%), having multiple sexual partners (48%), and engaging in unprotected sex (61.7%). Furthermore, there was significant uncertainty surrounding the vaccine, with 65.2% of participants unsure about its safety, 66% unaware of potential health risks, and 47.5% uncertain about its effectiveness in preventing HPV. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our research emphasizes the need for tailored behavioral interventions to address knowledge gaps about the HPV vaccine. Low HPV vaccination rates in rural areas contribute to health disparities in cervical cancer. Implementing educational interventions in healthcare settings can enhance vaccination rates and mitigate the risk of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of 2 self-collection methods to detect cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA with outcomes from a standard clinical method. The standard method samples were collected by a clinician at a routine pelvic examination. Self-samples were taken at home and mailed to the clinical laboratory. METHODSThe 2 self-collection methods were a tampon-based method and a swab-based method using a commercial device, an Eve Medical HerSwab. All HPV samples were processed by a clinical laboratory using the Food and Drugs Administration approved Roche Cobase HPV method, which specifically identifies HPV 16, HPV 18, and a set of 12 other high-risk subtypes. Patients were recruited from 2 cancer screening clinics 2015 to 2017. All patients signed an informed consent. Screening outcomes, such as prevalence, percent agreement with standard, sensitivity, and specificity, were calculated for each self-collection method. Measures of similarity between self and standard collection outcomes, Cohen’s κ, percent concordance, McNemar equivalence, and others were tested statistically. RESULTSOne hundred seventy-four patients were randomized. The prevalence of 1 or more positive HPV high-risk subtypes from the standard clinical specimens was 13.5%. All clinical specimens were sufficient for valid HPV detection. For the tampon method, 15 (27%) of the specimens were insufficient quality. Only 1 (2%) swab specimen was insufficient. Only the swab self-collection method was found to be statistically noninferior to the clinical method. The tampon method had an unacceptably high rate of insufficient quality specimens and also failed the equivalency tests. CONCLUSIONSThe swab home collection samples were equivalent to the clinical samples, but the tampon method had an unacceptably high rate of specimens insufficient for HPV detection.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the causes of death among 1130 former workers of a plant in Tyler, Texas dedicated to the manufacture of asbestos pipe insulation materials. This cohort is important and unusual because it used amosite as the only asbestiform mineral in the production process. High level exposure of such a specific type was documented through industrial hygiene surveys in the plant. METHODS: Deaths were ascertained through various sources including data tapes from the Texas Department of Health and the national death index files. As many death certificates as possible were secured (304/315) and cause of death assigned. After select exclusions, 222 death certificates were used in the analysis. Causes of death were compared with age, race, and sex specific mortalities for the United States population with a commercial software package (OCMAP Version 2.0). RESULTS: There was an excess of deaths from respiratory cancer including the bronchus, trachea, and lung (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 277 with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 193 to 385). Four pleural mesotheliomas and two peritoneal mesotheliomas were identified. The analysis also showed an increasing risk of respiratory malignancy with increased duration of exposure including a significant excess of total deaths from respiratory cancer with less than six months of work at the plant (SMR 268 with 95% CI 172 to 399). CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the cohort lies with the pure amosite exposure which took place in the plant and the extended period of latency which has followed. The death certificate analysis indicates the pathogenicity of amosite, the predominant commercial amphibole used in the United States. These data confirm a link between amosite asbestos and respiratory malignancy as well as mesothelioma.

Epithelial cells from the human body are frequently labelled according to one of several ordered levels of abnormality, ranging from normal to malignant. The label of the most abnormal cell in a specimen determines the score for the specimen. This paper presents a model for the regression of specimen scores against continuous and discrete variables, as in host exposure to carcinogens. Application to data and tests for adequacy of model fit are illustrated using sputum specimens obtained from a cohort of former asbestos workers.

A parametric method for the estimation of dose-modifying factors (DMF) is developed, using the linear-quadratic model of radiation effect. The method presented here generalizes DMFs to include ratios, such as relative biological effectiveness (RBE), which may vary with dose. A statistical test for constant DMF is derived and a limit to reliable low-dose extrapolation of estimates of the DMF is presented. The relationship of the method presented here to the usual \"straight-line\" method, and a recently developed nonparametric method is discussed. Using cell survival data for 16-MeV neutrons and 60 Co, the RBE of 16-MeV neutrons is computed by all three methods for comparison.

The clinical significance of ferruginous bodies in sputa was examined in a study of 674 former asbestos workers. Data from occupational histories and smoking behavior questionnaires, chest radiographs, spirometric measurements and counts of ferruginous bodies were obtained as part of a five-year surveillance program. Statistical analysis demonstrated that ferruginous bodies found in the sputa were significantly related to radiographie findings of interstitial pulmonary disease and pleural fibrosis and to spirometric findings of restrictive lung disease. Age and cigarette smoking were also found to be related to the presence of ferruginous bodies.

Radiation fractionation data can be plotted in four planes: log N-log D, dose-reciprocal total dose, dose-response, and dose-recovery dose. Properties of curves in these planes corresponding to five models are developed. One model assumes that total dose is a power function of the number of fractions; the other four models assume that the dose-log surviving fraction curve is described by (1) a multitarget, (2) a two component (product of single-hit and multitarget factors), (3) a quadratic, and (4) a cubic function, respectively. Several nonlinear regression criteria are defined and corresponding computer programs have been developed. Best fits for the five models are found for three specific data sets involving normal tissues in mice. One regression criterion and three models are shown to be unsuitable.