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Professor Michael Lissack, from the College of Design and Innovation at Tongji University in China, and Brenden Meagher from nonprofit Jhpiego study this worrying trend. The researchers explain the concept of slodderwetenschap and advise how good research design and rigorous interrogation can work together to prevent sloppy science. Expert in the field, Professor Michael Lissack at the College of Design and Innovation at Tongji University, Shanghai, China, succinctly defines slodderwetenschap: 'Sloppy science involves presenting ideas as conclusive facts without adequate scientific foundation.' The Stapel Affair was a case in the Netherlands where a prominent research psychologist, Diederik Stapel, forged fake data to produce near-perfect results for his students at Tilburg University.