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"Mei, Lu"
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Victorian wedding dress in the United States : a history through paper dolls
\"Draws upon collections at the Museum of Texas Tech University and the Northern Indiana Center for History to illustrate the evolution of wedding dress in the United States from 1859 to 1899. Situates the white gown and current perceptions of tradition within a wider and varied portrait of wedding dress\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Altered gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interactions and communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Several studies report a high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in autistic individuals. Cumulative evidence reveals that the gut microbiota and its metabolites (especially short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs) play an important role in GI disorders and the pathogenesis of ASD. However, the composition of the gut microbiota and its association with fecal SCFAs and GI symptoms of autistic children remain largely unknown. In the present study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, detected fecal SCFAs, assessed GI symptoms and analyzed the relationship between the gut microbiome and fecal SCFAs in autistic and neurotypical individuals. The results showed that the compositions of the gut microbiota and SCFAs were altered in ASD individuals. We found lower levels of fecal acetic acid and butyrate and a higher level of fecal valeric acid in ASD subjects. We identified decreased abundances of key butyrate-producing taxa (
Ruminococcaceae, Eubacterium, Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae
) and an increased abundance of valeric acid associated bacteria (
Acidobacteria
) among autistic individuals. Constipation was the only GI disorder in ASD children in the present study. We also found enriched
Fusobacterium
,
Barnesiella, Coprobacter
and valeric acid-associated bacteria (
Actinomycetaceae
) and reduced butyrate-producing taxa in constipated autistic subjects. It is suggested that the gut microbiota contributes to fecal SCFAs and constipation in autism. Modulating the gut microbiota, especially butyrate-producing bacteria, could be a promising strategy in the search for alternatives for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder.
Journal Article
الذواقة
\"رواية ذات طابع غريب، لم أقرأ مثلها من قبل. تدور القصة حول موضوع الطعام، وبشكل خاص عن \"الشراهة\". لم يكن طرفا القصة صديقين في البداية، ولا كانا أعداء أيضا. كان أحدهما يرى الآخر بلا قيمة، لكن مع مرور الأحداث سيتبين أن لا شخص بلا قيمة مطلقا. فكل شخص ينظر إلى الموجودات والأشخاص بطريقة تختلف عن الآخرين، وقدراته أيضا ترى بشكل نسبي. القصة تدور في مدينة سوجو الصينية، المشهورة بفن الطهي والأكلات القديمة، ولكننا نتنقل بين تيارات سياسية مختلفة، كل منها يرى الطعام بطريقته الخاصة. بعضهم يعتبر الطعام الغالي رفاهية لا حاجة لها، بينما يراه آخرون شيئا طبيعيا، ومنهم من يرى الشراهة خطيئة، وآخرون يعتبرونها أمرا طبيعيا. مع مرور الزمن وتطور الأفكار، يبدأ الشخص العنيد في رؤية ما كان غامضا له طوال سنوات. فيكتشف أن الشره، والبدانة، والأكل المتآكل، والخوف، والعداوة التي كانت تشكل عقله حول مذاق الطعام ليست كل شيء. يتعلم أن التذوق ليس مجرد كلمة، بل هو خبرة حياتية تكتسب من خلال العديد من التجارب، والأطباق المأكولة، واللحظات المتمتعة. القصة مليئة بالتفاصيل الشيقة، رغم أن هناك بعض الملل في المنتصف، لكنها رواية بنكهة ممتعة ومذاق فائق الجودة.\"
Book
A guide to human microbiome research: study design, sample collection, and bioinformatics analysis
The purpose of this review is to provide medical researchers, especially those without a bioinformatics background, with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in microbiome research. First, we define primary concepts such as microbiota, microbiome, and metagenome. Then, we discuss study design schemes, the methods of sample size calculation, and the methods for improving the reliability of research. We emphasize the importance of negative and positive controls in this section. Next, we discuss statistical analysis methods used in microbiome research, focusing on problems with multiple comparisons and ways to compare β-diversity between groups. Finally, we provide step-by-step pipelines for bioinformatics analysis. In summary, the meticulous study design is a key step to obtaining meaningful results, and appropriate statistical methods are important for accurate interpretation of microbiome data. The step-by-step pipelines provide researchers with insights into newly developed bioinformatics analysis methods.
Journal Article
لقاء في القرية العالمية = An encounter in the global village : قصص مختارة من المؤتمر الدولي الرابع عشر للقصة القصيرة
هذا الكتاب يحتوي على قصص مختارة من المؤتمر الدولي الرابع عشر للقصة القصيرة وهذا اللقاء الذي نظم من قبل جمعية دراسة القصص القصيرة الإنجليزية (أس أس أس أس إي) وهي جمعية عالمية أنشئت في الولايات المتحدة عام 1992 وينعقد كل عامين ويعتبر اللقاء العالمي الوحيد الذي يركز بشكل خاص على دراسات القصة القصيرة أما القصص المشاركة في اللقاء فهي مكتوبة من قبل 29 كاتبا ينتمون إلى عشرة دول هي الصين وتايوان والهند والولايات المتحدة وكندا ونيوزلندا وفرنسا وإيرلندا والنمسا وسنغافورا وجامايكا.
BOOK
Growth curves of myopia-related parameters to clinically monitor the refractive development in Chinese schoolchildren
PurposeTo produce a clinical model for the prediction of myopia development based on the creation of percentile curves of axial length in school-aged children from Wuhan in central China.MethodsData of 12,554 children (6054 girls and 6500 boys) were collected and analyzed for the generation of the axial length growth curves. A second data set with 226 children and three yearly successive measurements was used to verify the predictive power of the axial length growth percentile curves. Percentile curves were calculated for both gender groups and four age groups (6, 9, 12, and 15 years). The second data set was used to verify the efficacy of identifying the refractive error of the children using the axial length curves, based on their spherical refractive error from the third visit.ResultsFrom 6 to 15 years of age, all percentiles showed a growth trend in axial length, except for the percentiles below the first quartile, which appear to stabilize after the age of 12 (− 0.10; 95%CI, − 0.36–0.16; P = 0.23 for girls; − 0.16; 95%CI, − 0.70–0.39; P = 0.34 for boys); however, the growth continued for the remaining 75% of cases. The second data set showed that the likelihood of suffering high myopia (spherical refractive error ≤− 5.00D) during adolescent years increased when axial length values were above the first quartile, for both genders.ConclusionsThe data from the current study provide a tool to observe the annual growth rates of axial length and can be considered as an approach to predict the refractive development at school ages.
Journal Article
The SnRK1-eIFiso4G1 signaling relay regulates the translation of specific mRNAs in Arabidopsis under submergence
• Cellular responses to oxygen deprivation are essential for survival during energy crises in plants and animals. Hypoxia caused by submergence results in reprogramming of translation dynamic in plants, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that Arabidopsis Snf1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eIFiso4G to regulate translation dynamic under submergence.
• In Arabidopsis, there are two eIFiso4G genes, eIFiso4G1 and eIFiso4G2, which belong to the eIF4G family. Both eIFiso4Gs were phosphorylated by SnRK1 under submergence. Interestingly, the eIFiso4G1 knockout mutant, but not the eIFiso4G2 mutant, became more sensitive to submergence, implying that eIFiso4G1 is involved in regulating submergence tolerance in Arabidopsis.
• Comparison of RNA sequences in the polysome fraction and the RNAs immunoprecipitated by eIFiso4G1 from Col-0 and the SnRK1 and eIFiso4G1 mutants revealed that lack of eIFiso4G1 phosphorylation disrupts the translation of specific mRNAs under submergence.
• Taken together, our findings suggest that the SnRK1-eIFiso4G1 relay controls the translation of an array of genes under hypoxia, including core hypoxia response genes and genes related to stress response and biosynthetic process.
Journal Article
Experimental Evolution of Yeast for High-Temperature Tolerance
Thermotolerance is a polygenic trait that contributes to cell survival and growth under unusually high temperatures. Although some genes associated with high-temperature growth (Htg+) have been identified, how cells accumulate mutations to achieve prolonged thermotolerance is still mysterious. Here, we conducted experimental evolution of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strain with stepwise temperature increases for it to grow at 42 °C. Whole genome resequencing of 14 evolved strains and the parental strain revealed a total of 153 mutations in the evolved strains, including single nucleotide variants, small INDELs, and segmental duplication/deletion events. Some mutations persisted from an intermediate temperature to 42 °C, so they might be Htg+ mutations. Functional categorization of mutations revealed enrichment of exonic mutations in the SWI/SNF complex and F-type ATPase, pointing to their involvement in high-temperature tolerance. In addition, multiple mutations were found in a general stress-associated signal transduction network consisting of Hog1 mediated pathway, RAS-cAMP pathway, and Rho1-Pkc1 mediated cell wall integrity pathway, implying that cells can achieve Htg+ partly through modifying existing stress regulatory mechanisms. Using pooled segregant analysis of five Htg+ phenotype-orientated pools, we inferred causative mutations for growth at 42 °C and identified those mutations with stronger impacts on the phenotype. Finally, we experimentally validated a number of the candidate Htg+ mutations. This study increased our understanding of the genetic basis of yeast tolerance to high temperature.
Journal Article
REVEL and BayesDel outperform other in silico meta-predictors for clinical variant classification
Many
in silico
predictors of genetic variant pathogenicity have been previously developed, but there is currently no standard application of these algorithms for variant assessment. Using 4,094 ClinVar-curated missense variants in clinically actionable genes, we evaluated the accuracy and yield of benign and deleterious evidence in 5
in silico
meta-predictors, as well as agreement of SIFT and PolyPhen2, and report the derived thresholds for the best performing predictor(s). REVEL and BayesDel outperformed all other meta-predictors (CADD, MetaSVM, Eigen), with higher positive predictive value, comparable negative predictive value, higher yield, and greater overall prediction performance. Agreement of SIFT and PolyPhen2 resulted in slightly higher yield but lower overall prediction performance than REVEL or BayesDel. Our results support the use of gene-level rather than generalized thresholds, when gene-level thresholds can be estimated. Our results also support the use of 2-sided thresholds, which allow for uncertainty, rather than a single, binary cut-point for assigning benign and deleterious evidence. The gene-level 2-sided thresholds we derived for REVEL or BayesDel can be used to assess
in silico
evidence for missense variants in accordance with current classification guidelines.
Journal Article
Astragaloside IV improves pulmonary arterial hypertension by increasing the expression of CCN1 and activating the ERK1/2 pathway
The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of AS‐IV and CCN1 in PAH and to evaluate whether the protective effect of AS‐IV against PAH is associated with CCN1 and its related signalling pathway. In vivo, male SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg) or exposed to hypoxia (10% oxygen) and gavaged with AS‐IV (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day) to create a PAH model. In vitro, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) were exposed to hypoxia (3% oxygen) or monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP, 60 μg/mL) and treated with AS‐IV (10, 20 and 40 μM), EGF (10 nM, ERK agonist), small interfering CCN1 (CCN1 siRNA) and recombinant CCN1 protein (rCCN1, 100 ng/mL). We identified the differences in the expression of genes in the lung tissues of PAH rats by proteomics. At the same time, we dynamically detected the expression of CCN1 by Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. The Western blot experimental results showed that the expression of CCN1 increased in the early stage of PAH and decreased in the advanced stage of PAH. The results showed that compared with the control group, MCT‐ and hypoxia‐induced increased the hemodynamic parameters and apoptosis. AS‐IV can improve PAH, as characterized by decreased hemodynamic parameters, vascular wall area ratio (WA%), vascular wall thickness ratio (WT%) and α‐SMA expression and inhibition of cell apoptosis. Moreover, the improvement of PAH by AS‐IV was accompanied by increased CCN1 expression, which activated the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Meanwhile, CCN1 and p‐ERK1/2 were inhibited by siCCN1 and promoted by rCCN1. EGF not only activated the ERK1/2 signalling pathway but also induced the expression of CCN1. In conclusion, AS‐IV improves PAH by increasing the expression of CCN1 and activating the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. The results of our study provide a theoretical basis for additional study on the protective effect of AS‐IV against PAH.
Journal Article