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The adoption of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems to mitigate the effects of climate change has been incentivized in recent years by government policies. Due to the impacts of these systems on the energy mix and the electrical grid, it is essential to understand how these technologies will expand in urban areas. To fulfill that need, this article presents an innovative method for modeling the diffusion of residential PV systems in urban environments that employs spatial analysis and urban characteristics to identify residences at the subarea level with the potential for installing PV systems, along with temporal analysis to project the adoption growth of these systems over time. This approach integrates urban characteristics such as population density, socioeconomic data, public environmental awareness, rooftop space availability, and population interest in new technologies. Results for the diffusion of PV systems in a Brazilian city are compared with real adoption data. The results are presented in thematic maps showing the spatiotemporal distribution of potential adopters of PV systems. This information is essential for creating efficient decarbonization plans because, while many households can afford these systems, interest in new technologies and knowledge of the benefits of clean energy are also necessary for their adoption.

Guava fruit softening is a crucial process during ripening and this process involves a number of enzymes that modifies the cell wall. Two of the enzymes that regulate this process are (a) the β-1, 4-endoglucanase 17 (BEG) which hydrolyze β-1, 4 bonds from cellulose and hemicellulose, and (b) β-galactosidase (BGA) that hydrolyzes pectin chains. Bioinformatics and expression analysis information on these genes is limited in guava fruit. A fragment of a β-1, 4-endoglucanase 17 (PgE17), and another of a β-galactosidase (PgGa1) were identified. These sequences have a similarity of more than 85% with those reported in the NCBI database. In the guava genome, one homologous sequence was found for PgE17 in Chr 4 and two homologous to PgGa1: one in Chr 3 and the other one in Chr 6. Putative protein PgE17 contains part of the glyco_hydro_9 domain. Putative protein PgGa1 has a part of the glyco_hydro_35 domain. Phylogenetic analysis of PgE17 and PgGa1 revealed that both are highly conserved inside the Myrtaceae family. In silico expression analysis showed that both PgE17 and PgGa1 work in a coordinated way with other cell wall modifier enzymes. Expression of these genes was found in all the guava samples analyzed. However, the highest expression was found in the fruit in the breaking and ripe states. A β-1, 4-endoglucanase 17, and β-galactosidase 1 sequences were identified. PgE17 and PgGa1 are expressed in all the plant tissues, and fruit ripening states. Although, the highest expression was on breaker and ripe states.

ObjectiveThis experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with soybean or canola oil on milk production and the composition of long chain fatty acids as well as weight changes in the goats and their kids.MethodsThirty nine mulitparous crossed Alpine×Nubian goats (initial body weight [BW] 43.5±1.7 kg) from the day of parturition were assigned to the treatments: grazing control (n = 15); grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental soybean oil (n = 12); and grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental canola oil (n = 12) from November 26, 2014 to March 7, 2015. The planned contrasts were: CI (control vs supplemented with oils); CII (soybean vs canola oil) to compare the treatment effects.ResultsThe vegetable oil supplementation reduced weight losses in lactating goats (CI: −0.060 vs 0.090 kg/d; p = 0.03) but did not improve milk production or affect kids’ growth. The content of C4, C6, C8, C10, C11, C14, and C18:1n9t in the milk was increased (p<0.05) with respect to control. However, C12, C14, C16, C18, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, and C18:3n3 were reduced (p<0.05) in supplemented goats. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with oils compared to the control group.ConclusionSupplementation with 20 mL/d of soybean or canola oil did not affect milk production or kids’ performance; however, it increased CLA concentration and reduced the reduced weight losses in lactating goats.

RESUMEN El artículo revisa y reformula teórica y empíricamente la relación no lineal entre la inflación y el crecimiento económico planteada por Thirlwall (1974) para el conjunto de economías de América Latina que han seguido stricto sensu el régimen de metas de inflación durante el periodo 2003-2020. La hipótesis de esta investigación reside en la existencia de un nivel de inflación óptimo en el que la tasa de crecimiento económico logra un nivel máximo, horizonte de inflación distinto al objetivo de política monetaria actual. Por consiguiente, el argumento que se desarrolla en este artículo trata sobre la existencia de una relación positiva entre el crecimiento y la inflación a niveles moderados, pero el grado de preferencia de los bancos centrales ha sido tal que ha sacrificado crecimiento y empleo en aras de la estabilidad de los precios.   INFLATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA, A NON-LINEAR RELATIONSHIP ABSTRACT The article reviews and reformulates theoretically and empirically the non-linear relationship between inflation and economic growth proposed by Thirlwall (1974) for the set of Latin American economies that strictly use the inflation targeting regime during the period 2003-2020. The hypothesis of this research resides in the existence of an optimal inflation level for which the economic growth rate reaches a maximum level, an inflation rate which differs from the current monetary policy target. Consequently, the argument developed in this article deals with the existence of a positive relationship between growth and inflation at low levels, while the degree of preference of central banks has been such that they have given up growth and employment opportunities to price stability.

Introduction: Working conditions in the healthcare environment have an impact on the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers. In order to conduct timely measurement in Peru, validated and easy-to-administer instruments are required. Objective: To adapt and validate the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in healthcare workers in Peru. Methods: An instrumental study was conducted involving 432 participants from the Peruvian healthcare system, selected through stratified random sampling. The process included content evaluation by experts and a pilot test. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis. The number of factors was determined using Horn's parallel analysis and verified through confirmatory factor analysis, employing various estimation methods. Reliability, discriminant validity, correlation, and predictive validity were analyzed. Results: A version of the questionnaire with twelve items grouped into two factors, explaining 58.68% of the total variance, was confirmed. The model showed good fit indices independently of the estimation method used. The items demonstrated adequate discrimination, as did the questionnaire, according to gender and profession. Correlation and predictive validity were satisfactory. The overall internal consistency, as assessed by McDonald's omega, was adequate (ω = 0.853), as well as the ordinal alpha for general dysphoria (0.919) and social dysfunction (0.828). Conclusions: Solid evidence of construct validity and reliability of the Peruvian version of the GHQ-12 is reported. Therefore, it is recommended for assessing the mental status of healthcare workers.

The high-temperature wear behavior of a Haynes 282 ® superalloy was studied at 625 °C in pin-on-roll sliding tests with a load of 68 N for 7.5 km using pins of the alloy in heat-treated ( T ) and wrought ( W ) conditions. Specific wear rate plots as a function of the sliding distance indicate that wear was more significant for up to 3.8 km for heat-treated specimens ( T ); however, wear of the alloys in both metallurgical conditions gave similar values, which did not increase from 5.0 km onwards. Characterization of the wear mechanisms suggests that metallic wear was present, expressed as the plastic deformation at the surface and subsurface regions of the alloys in both conditions. Oxidational wear was also found, which was more important for the W alloy. Nevertheless, the mixture of oxides and metallic particles favored the formation of tribofilms that reduced friction and prevented further wear. Tribofilms were also developed on the surface of the counter rolls, and particles from them were transferred to the surface of the nickel alloy pins by adhesion.

The guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a climacteric fruit with an accelerated post-harvest overripening. miRNAs are small RNA sequences that function as gene regulators in eukaryotes and are essential for their survival and development. In this study, miRNA libraries were constructed, sequenced and analyzed from the breaker and ripe stages of guava fruit cv. Siglo XXI. One hundred and seventy-four mature miRNA sequences from 28 miRNA families were identified. The taxonomic distribution of the guava miRNAs showed a high level of conservation among the dicotyledonous plants. Most of the predicted miRNA target genes were transcription factors and genes involved in the metabolism of phytohormones such as abscisic acid, auxins, and ethylene, as revealed through an ontology enrichment analysis. The miRNA families miR168, miR169, miR396, miR397, and miR482 were classified as being directly associated with maturation, whereas the miRNA families miR160, miR165, miR167, miR3930, miR395, miR398, and miR535 were classified as being indirectly associated. With this study, we intended to increase our knowledge and understanding of the regulatory process involved in the ripening process, thereby providing valuable information for future research on the ripening of guava fruit.

In volcanic terrains, dormant stratovolcanoes are very common and can trigger landslides and debris flows continually along stream systems, thereby affecting human settlements and economic activities. It is important to assess their potential impact and damage through the use of landslide inventory maps and landslide models. In Mexico, numerous geographic information systems (GIS)-based applications have been used to represent and assess slope stability. However, there is no practical and standardized landslide mapping methodology under a GIS. This work provides an overview of the ongoing research project from the Institute of Geography at the National Autonomous University of Mexico that seeks to conduct a multi-temporal landslide inventory and produce a landslide susceptibility map by using GIS. The Río El Estado watershed on the southwestern flank of Pico de Orizaba volcano, the highest mountain in Mexico, is selected as a study area. The geologic and geomorphologic factors in combination with high seasonal precipitation, high degree of weathering, and steep slopes predispose the study area to landslides. The method encompasses two main levels of analysis to assess landslide susceptibility. First, the project aims to derive a landslide inventory map from a representative sample of landslides using aerial orthophotographs and field work. Next, the landslide susceptibility is modelled by using multiple logistic regression implemented in a GIS platform. The technique and its implementation of each level in a GISs-based technology is presented and discussed.

This study evaluated the impact of supplementing ZH in combination with D3 on the growth performance, energy efficiency, carcass traits, and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Thirty-two Dorper × Katahdin cross lambs (37.3 ± 5.72 kg) were utilized in a 29 d experiment in a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial structure consisting of two levels of ZH for 26 d (0 and 0.20 mg/kg PV−1) and two levels of D3 for 7 d (0 and 1.5 × 106 IU/d−1). ZH improved (p ≤ 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency by 9.9% and 17.8%, respectively, as well as hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing carcass by 4.3% and 2.6%, respectively. (p ≤ 0.03). However, ZH increased (p < 0.01) muscle pH and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) (2.5 and 23.0%, respectively). D3 supplementation negatively affected (p ≤ 0.02) dry matter intake (DMI) (last 7 d) and ADG by 15.7% and 18.1%. On the other hand, D3 improved the pH of the longissimus thoracis muscle by 1.7% (p = 0.03) without affecting WBSF. When D3 was supplemented in combination with ZH, it was observed that meat quality was improved by reducing muscle pH compared to lambs treated only with ZH. However, D3 did not improve the meat tenderness negatively affected by ZH supplementation.

Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride and virginiamycin on growth performance, dietary energetics, carcass characteristics, and visceral organ mass in feedlot lambs.Methods: Thirty-two crossbred lambs Dorper×Katahdin (34.04±4.23 kg), five months old, were used in a 30 d experiment to evaluate the inclusion of zilpaterol and virginiamycin. Treatments were randomly assigned to pens within blocks, with four replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design arranged as 2×2 factorial, with two levels of zilpaterol (0 and 0.20 mg/kg of live weight/d, as hydrochloride form) and two levels of virginiamycin (0 and 22 mg/lamb/d). The diet was based on cracked corn (1.41 Mcal NEg/kg of dry matter and 14.1% of crude protein). Growth performance and dietary energetics variables were recorded. After the feeding trial, lambs were transported to a slaughterhouse for assessment of carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, and primal cuts.Results: No interactions were observed between zilpaterol and virginiamycin treatments for most of the evaluated variables, except for the percentage of the empty small intestine. Lambs supplemented with both zilpaterol and virginiamycin showed improvements in live weight, feed efficiency, and energy retention. However, only zilpaterol affected dressing percentage, longissimus thoracis muscle, and body fat reduction. The combined supplementation increased final live weight without altering feed intake, thereby enhancing energy availability to promote carcass weight and dressing carcass compared to lambs treated with zilpaterol alone.Conclusion: Zilpaterol hydrochloride (0.20 mg/kg of live weight/d, equivalent to 7.55 mg/lamb/d) and virginiamycin (22 mg/lamb/d) improved growth and energy retention, but only zilpaterol improved dressing percentage and reduced fat traits of carcass and non-carcass components. The effects of virginiamycin and zilpaterol were found to be cumulative, with better responses in growth and dietary energy components observed in lambs supplemented with both additives.