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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenging malignancy, with radiotherapy, alone or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, often failing to achieve durable disease control. Here, by conducting longitudinal multi-omic analyses of pre- and post-radiation biopsies from patients receiving a pre-operative hypofractionated radiation regimen, we uncover that radiation rapidly depletes a subpopulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), characterized by a proliferative, cytotoxic, and tissue-resident gene signature (T Prolif_Tox ). We provide multi-dimensional evidence for tumor antigen-specificity of T Prolif_Tox clonotypes and show that post-radiation tumors are instead repopulated by regulatory and non-specific clones. Finally, TIL depletion correlates with radiorecurrent disease after conventional radiation, emphasizing the potential impact of radiation-induced TIL loss regardless of fractionation. Thus, this study provides key insights into radiotherapy-induced alterations in the immune microenvironment that drive immunologic radioresistance and proposes restoring tumor antigen-specific T cell clonotypes as a strategy to improve radioimmunotherapy responses in HNSCC. Combining radiation therapy (RT) with immunotherapy has had limited therapeutic benefits in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNSCC). Here, the authors present a multi-omics analysis of patient biopsies pre- and post- hypofractionated RT and uncover RT-mediated depletion of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells as the underlying cause of immunologic radioresistance in HNSCC.

Decontamination of organic dyes from wastewater requires efficient and compatible materials that must be able to remove dyes with different charges at the same time. In this study, composites of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and hydrochar (HC) were prepared and tested for use as general-purpose sorbents for the simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic dyes (i.e., methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and reactive yellow (RY)). Characterization studies reveal that the surface functional groups on composites are –OH, NO3, M–O bonds. It was observed that crystallinity of LDH decreased with an increasing amount of HC. Preliminary experiments showed that the dyes (i.e., MB, MO, and RY) were well removed simultaneously onto the composite with HC (2.0 g HC/prepared composite). This composite was selected for more experiments, and the adsorption efficiency was optimized by the multivariate technique using the response surface methodology (RSM). Removal efficiency of 100% was obtained for all three dyes with an adsorption capacity of 243, 5.3, and 16.3 µmol g−1 for MB, MO, and RY, respectively. Elovich’s initial intake rates (α) were 4,272, 441, and 99.5 mg g−1 min−1 for RY, MB, and MO, respectively. Data fitted in various models suggested second-order multiplex kinetics, where the surface heterogeneity response was sorbate dependent.

Ingestible robotic capsules must provide compact, accurate actuation to obtain microbiota samples from specific gastrointestinal locations. Although shape-memory-alloy (SMA) spring capsules have shown dependable duodenal and ileal sampling in vitro, the inherent limitations of SMA—slow thermal response, elevated current requirements, inconsistent output force, and lack of adaptive control—compromise in vivo reliability, energy efficiency, and sample integrity. This research presents a closed-loop actuation architecture that integrates classical PID with fractional-order PID (FO-PID) within the established 45 mm × 12 mm capsule dimensions. The controller, deployed on ultra-low-power microcontrollers (Nordic nRF52832, STM32L4, ATtiny3217), controls the shape memory alloy heating current in real time by utilising temperature and strain feedback to monitor force and position objectives while efficiently controlling power consumption. A cohesive software stack standardises high-frequency telemetry, on-device preprocessing, and metadata logging, producing labelled datasets and streamlined interfaces for further functionalities such as anomaly detection, adaptive sampling, and health-state inference. Simulation experiments demonstrate enhanced actuation precision, expedited settling times, and prolonged battery longevity, effectively addressing SMA constraints and facilitating dependable, untethered, site-specific sampling. The suggested platform promotes SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by integrating energy-efficient control with a replicable data pipeline for next-generation ingestible diagnostics.

In the present study, the esterification of oleic acid with methanol was studied in batch to batch method over hydrothermal carbon catalyst (HTCC) from Ziziphus Mauritiana L.. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and BET analysis. The surface area and acid density of prepared HTCC were found to be 15.97 m2 g−1 and 2.53 mmol g−1, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA, mean, standard deviation and variance method. Statistically there is no significant difference among the means of the 4 variables at the 95% confidence level and the P-value of the F-test is equal to or greater than the 0.05. The maximum oleic acid conversions from methanol were obtained upto 91%. Furthermore, reusability and regeneration study were also carried out to assess to check catalytic performance. The study reveals that HTCC obtained from Ziziphus Mauritiana L. is an excellent catalyst and can be used for esterification of oleic acid to produce biodiesel.

Background/objectives: Improvements in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) treatment have reduced mortality. While chemoradiation before surgery was previously a standard of care, updated guidelines recommend peri-operative chemotherapy without chemoradiation. Continued investigation into optimal non-operative treatment paradigms for patients who defer surgery or are not candidates for surgery and certain chemotherapy regimens is needed. The impact of induction chemotherapy prior to chemoradiation on survival and surgical outcomes remains unclear. This study assessed survival and surgical outcomes in a real-world cohort of EAC patients receiving induction chemotherapy before chemoradiation. Methods: This single-institution, IRB-approved, retrospective cohort study included patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IVb (oligometastatic for IVb) EAC who received definitive chemoradiation (radiation ≥ 40 Gy and two cycles of chemotherapy) +/− esophagectomy from 2007 to 2022. Patients receiving induction chemotherapy were compared to those who did not. Endpoints included survival and surgical outcomes. Results: A total of 141 EAC patients received definitive chemoradiation; 83 received induction chemotherapy before chemoradiation. Patients receiving induction chemotherapy were younger (p < 0.01) with slightly lower performance status (p = 0.27) and presented at a more advanced stage (p < 0.001). Median OS was 3.5 years in the induction chemotherapy group compared to 2.2 years (p = 0.10). There was no difference in pathologic complete response (p = 0.81), esophagectomy frequency (p = 0.87), or surgical downstaging between treatment groups (p = 0.84). Conclusions: In this real-world, single-institutional patient cohort investigating induction chemotherapy prior to chemoradiation in EAC, patients receiving induction chemotherapy did well but did not have a statistically significant improvement in survival outcomes or surgical outcomes. This study showed that significant numbers of real-world patients may not receive esophagectomy. Thus, prospective, randomized clinical trials are warranted to better delineate the efficacy and selection of patients for induction chemotherapy when non-operative approaches are favored.

With the rise in glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medication usage for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight loss, concerns have been raised regarding safety and primary aspiration risk when undergoing anesthesia procedures. Given the paucity of evidence, there is concern whether patients on GLP-1RA are at higher risk of retained gastric contents and subsequent adverse outcomes during routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This study aims to investigate whether patients on GLP-1RA are at higher risk of retained gastric contents during routine EGD. In this retrospective study, we examined 1,368 adult patients who underwent EGDs in the outpatient setting at a tertiary care center. A multivariable analysis was conducted to predict the presence of retained gastric contents on EGD, with the primary predictor being GLP-1RA use. Covariates thought to contribute to delayed gastric emptying were used as secondary predictors. Retained gastric contents were seen in 18 out of 128 cases in the GLP-1RA users (14.1%), which was statistically significant when compared to 45 out of the 1,156 non-users (3.8%) ( < 0.001, LR 18.323). There was no significant increase in adverse outcomes associated with this finding. GLP-1RA use ( < 0.001, OR = 5.4), history of gastroparesis ( < 0.001, OR = 4.55), chronic kidney disease ( = 0.036, OR = 3.47) and hemiplegia ( = 0.048, OR = 2.9) increased risk of retained gastric contents. In contrast, bowel prep ( = < 0.001, OR = 0.157) for same day lower GI procedures decreased risks. Our results show an increase in retained gastric contents in GLP-1RA users undergoing EGD. Other mitigating factors and whether the increase results in aspiration complications should be further studied.