Explore the vast range of titles available.

The world is facing a major pulse of ecological and social changes that may favor the risk of zoonotic outbreaks. Such risk facilitation may occur through the modification of the host’s community diversity and structure, leading to an increase in pathogen reservoirs and the contact rate between these reservoirs and humans. Here, we examined whether anthropization alters the relative abundance and richness of zoonotic reservoir and non-reservoir rodents in three Socio-Ecological Systems. We hypothesized that anthropization increases the relative abundance and richness of rodent reservoirs while decreasing non-reservoir species. We first developed an Anthropization index based on 15 quantitative socio-ecological variables classified into five groups: 1) Vegetation type, 2) Urbanization degree, 3) Water quality, 4) Potential contaminant sources, and 5) Others. We then monitored rodent communities in three regions of Northwestern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora). A total of 683 rodents of 14 genera and 27 species were captured, nine of which have been identified as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens (359 individuals, 53%). In all regions, we found that as anthropization increased, the relative abundance of reservoir rodents increased; in contrast, the relative abundance of non-reservoir rodents decreased. In Sonora, reservoir richness increased with increasing anthropization, while in Baja California and Chihuahua non-reservoir richness decreased as anthropization increased. We also found a significant positive relationship between the anthropization degree and the abundance of house mice ( Mus musculus ) and deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ), the most abundant reservoir species in the study. These findings support the hypothesis that reservoir species of zoonotic pathogens increase their abundance in disturbed environments, which may increase the risk of pathogen exposure to humans, while anthropization creates an environmental filtering that promotes the local extinction of non-reservoir species.

Background/Objectives: Argemone platyceras Link & Otto, an endemic plant of Mexico, is widely distributed in the central area of the country, mainly in the states of Tlaxcala, Puebla, and the State of Mexico. Ethnobotanical studies in different communities of these states have demonstrated that it is primarily used to treat diabetes and mental illnesses, such as “los nervios” (nerves) and “el ansia” (anxiety); these terms are used in traditional medicine, but it is accepted that they refer to anxiety disorders. This study aimed to validate the traditional use of aerial parts of A. platyceras Link & Otto in treating these illnesses. Methods: a standardized acidic method to obtain alkaloids was used to obtain an extract (AlkExt), which was tested in adult male Swiss Webster mice in the tail suspension (TST) and forced swimming (FST) tests. Results: AlkExt was analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques (DI-ESI and UHPLC-MS) to detect 2,3′,4,5′-Tetramethoxystilbene (m/z 301.14, 3%), scoulerine (m/z 328.16, 19.8%), tetrahydro-columbamine (m/z 342.17, 28.8%), 8-(hydroxymethyl)-2,10-dimethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline-1,11-diol (m/z 358.17, 22.8%), and glaucine (m/z 356.19, 11.1%); these were assayed in a single oral administration of AlkExt, which caused robust anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects without affecting the spontaneous ambulatory activity of the mice. Conclusions: The easy and standardized AlkExt analyzed in pharmaceuticals assays in this study strongly suggest its therapeutic potential to treat the comorbidity of anxiety and depression disorders and support further investigations in people with these diseases.

Since culture influences expectations, perceptions, and satisfaction, a cross-culture study is necessary to understand the differences between Japan’s biggest tourist populations, Chinese and Western tourists. However, with ever-increasing customer populations, this is hard to accomplish without extensive customer base studies. There is a need for an automated method for identifying these expectations at a large scale. For this, we used a data-driven approach to our analysis. Our study analyzed their satisfaction factors comparing soft attributes, such as service, with hard attributes, such as location and facilities, and studied different price ranges. We collected hotel reviews and extracted keywords to classify the sentiment of sentences with an SVC. We then used dependency parsing and part-of-speech tagging to extract nouns tied to positive adjectives. We found that Chinese tourists consider room quality more than hospitality, whereas Westerners are delighted more by staff behavior. Furthermore, the lack of a Chinese-friendly environment for Chinese customers and cigarette smell for Western ones can be disappointing factors of their stay. As one of the first studies in the tourism field to use the high-standard Japanese hospitality environment for this analysis, our cross-cultural study contributes to both the theoretical understanding of satisfaction and suggests practical applications and strategies for hotel managers.

La situación del sistema carcelario y penitenciario colombiano está muy alejado de los lineamientos tanto constitucionales como convencionales y, en consecuencia, la Corte Constitucional de Colombia declaró un estado de cosas inconstitucionales desde hace más de 25 años y, aunque, ha mejorado, la realidad es que la situación crítica se mantiene hasta nuestros días. Con esto se les imponen a los reclusos cargas que son más altas que la que deben cumplir durante su privación de la libertad y por tanto se genera recurrentemente la responsabilidad estatal por los daños generados, por actuaciones u omisiones. La tesis consiste en que: El estado de cosas inconstitucional del sistema carcelario facilita la ocurrencia de daños, lo que produce la generación de la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado. Por esto, es necesario prevenirlos para que no vuelvan a suceder (o lo hagan en menor proporción) y garantizar los derechos de los detenidos y de los funcionarios. La metodología parte de un análisis inductivo, en el que se analizaron más de 100 sentencias del Consejo de Estado, con el propósito de reconstruir las principales líneas jurisprudenciales. Para esto, se realiza una aproximación cualitativa e histórica de las decisiones emitidas durante los últimos 30 años.

This paper documents the measurement of the chloride diffusion coefficient through partially saturated porous materials. The method was electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and it was validated by comparison to migration tests in fully saturated samples. A microstructure-based electrical equivalent circuit was developed to obtain the main features of the sample including the material electrical resistance for any water saturation degree. It is shown that the chloride diffusion coefficient varies over four orders of magnitude when the material is almost dry to fully saturated.

Background Rodents play essential ecological roles but are also significant reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, posing risks to humans. Individuals with frequent occupational contact with rodents face an elevated risk of exposure to rodent-borne diseases. This study examines the knowledge, risk perceptions, and practices of Chilean environmental consultants (ECs) concerning rodents and rodent-borne diseases. Methods A 32-item questionnaire, which focused primarily on biologists, veterinarians, and environmental engineers, was administered. The questionnaire included closed, open-ended, and semi-open-ended questions. Data analyses, performed using R software, involved calculating frequencies and proportions for questions related to knowledge of rodents and rodent-borne diseases, rodent management and handling, biosafety procedures, and training. Additionally, generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to assess knowledge of rodent hosts and diseases, whereas correspondence analysis was used to examine associations between EC characteristics (undergraduate fields of study and years of experience) and responses regarding risk perception and the importance of zoonotic disease training. Results Completed questionnaires were received from 206 ECs. Although the ECs demonstrated a strong awareness of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, identifying it as a significant rodent-borne threat, knowledge gaps were evident regarding the specific role of certain rodent reservoir species and other rodent-borne diseases in Chile. For example, leptospirosis was well recognized, particularly among veterinarians, whereas emerging zoonoses such as scrub typhus was rarely mentioned. The study also revealed the frequent use of live trapping and direct handling of rodents, resulting in injuries to 32% of the respondents. Despite the widespread use of personal protective equipment, key elements such as respiratory protection and disposable suits were underutilized, and inadequate cleaning practices for traps were reported. Nevertheless, ECs expressed a willingness to participate in zoonotic disease training, underscoring the need for further education. Conclusions This study highlights the critical need for ongoing education for ECs on rodent reservoirs, diseases, and biosafety measures to enhance their safety and reduce the risk of zoonotic infections. The findings offer valuable insights for developing strategies aimed at improving awareness and strengthening biosafety practices within this occupational group.

The emerging risks facing humanity have highlighted the need to address and prevent challenges through multilateral preventive strategies. The Mexico-United States (US) border is a region with great biological biodiversity and both countries shared a similar history and intense socioeconomic, and cultural interrelationships. Also, it has an extraordinary ecological contrast, resulting in an enormous biological diversity in a broad Nearctic-Neotropical transition zone. This dynamic region has important disparities due to the lack of bilateral strategies to face emerging issues (e.g., infectious diseases) in an integrated and holistic approach. In this context, we describe the various socio-ecosystemic contexts of the shared border and present different diseases transmitted, and different zoonoses that affect ecosystemic public health that must be addressed under collaborative schemes that can develop preventive policies under the One Health approach with emphasis on the Mexican zone. We describe the social determinants of health issues for the border, but we add ecological contexts infrequently studied in classical epidemiological approaches. Strategies towards One Health require international and multidisciplinary approaches that strengthen diagnostic capabilities, recognizing social, and environmental challenges. Recognizing these aspects will allow the establishment of joint monitoring, prevention, and mitigation strategies with benefits for both countries.

Este libro es resultado del trabajo colaborativo de varios de los profesores y los estudiantes que participaron del seminario del Doctorado en Derecho de la Universidad del Rosario, llevado a cabo en 2022, cuyas reflexiones académicas gravitaron sobre cuestiones contemporáneas que están redefiniendo los alcances de una categoría clásica en el orden jurídico como es la obligación de resarcimiento de las consecuencias dañinas ocasionadas a los derechos o intereses de terceros por una conducta imputable a unsujeto plenamente capaz o realizada por un agente suyo por cuya ocurrencia tenga el deber jurídico de responder. Esta obra integra contribuciones que plantean estos temas novedosos desde las ópticas del derecho civil, el derecho penal, el derecho laboral, el derecho administrativo y el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, tanto desde una relectura de los paradigmas clásicos de determinación de los elementos estructuradores de la responsabilidad como desde una aproximación desde perspectivas más recientes en la materia, como la influencia de los sistemas internacionales de protección de derechos en los regímenes internos para su establecimiento.

This paper examines the Trial of Residence of Luis Valdes y Rejano, governor of New Biscay, in a broad sense. Beyond the rigor of the then legally considered to integrate the Residence, the text also explores allegations made in San Joseph del Parral that ultimately left out of the trial; allegations made by government agents, aware of the legally appropriate. At the same time, it makes visible the implementation of mechanisms activated in parallel, such as the Canonical Censures. This case study is intended to contribute to the debate on the understanding of the control mechanisms put in place by the Hispanic Monarchy in the Indies. With emphasis on the political and ritual uses of the trial, the ways of structuring discourses, the importance of interpersonal relationships. It seeks as well to approach the political culture of the early modern period: what then understood by good governance, the fear of scandal, the role and value of honor.

Los capítulos que conforman esta obra colectiva, y que hace parte de la conmemoración del 25º aniversario de la Maestría en Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad del Rosario, son de autoría de los profesores del programa y los textos son producto de las reflexiones en las líneas de investigación que comprenden la agenda del Grupo de.