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The RNG k - ε turbulence model and mass transport cavitation model Zwart-Gerber-Belamri are used to simulate unsteady cavitating flows in a rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (RHCR). The RHCR is mainly composed of rotor and stator. Unsteady cavitation flow field analyses in RHCR are focused mainly near the rotor surface. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The frequency of pressure fluctuations and streamline distribution are discussed by setting 10 monitoring points near the rotor surface. The numerical simulation results shows that the main frequency of pressure fluctuation inside RHCR is 24 f r and 72 f r ; the maximum amplitude of pressure fluctuations appears near the inlet, and its value about 3 times than the minimum. Moreover, the streamline distribution analyses demonstrate that the vortex appears near the rotor surface, and is generating, growth and disappearing with time. The shape, vortex center and intensity of the vortex near the inlet change drastically with time. This research provided a reference for the optimization design of RHCR.

Target tracking is one of the important tasks of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). The indicators for completing the UAV tracking task are the system’s tracking speed, tracking error, and tracking of specific targets. This paper proposes a distributed system based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) detection algorithm and the DIMP (Discriminative Model Prediction) tracking algorithm for real-time tracking of specific targets. The system separates algorithm initialization and online operation, coordinates detection and tracking, and gives full play to the accuracy and speed advantages of both. Then, on the basis of the YOLO detection algorithm, the CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) module is integrated to improve the network structure, which improves the detection accuracy of the YOLO algorithm for specific targets. Then, on the basis of the DIMP tracking algorithm, the tracking speed and stability of the DIMP algorithm are improved by distributed design, replacing the backbone network, optimizing training and updating, and integrating the attention mechanism. Finally, simulation and experiments verified that the distributed system can achieve long-term and stable tracking of specific targets. The detection accuracy (mAP0.5:0.95) of the YOLO algorithm integrated with CBAM was improved by 5.2%, and the tracking speed of the improved DIMP algorithm was increased by 10FPS.

The RNG k-ε turbulence model and mass transport cavitation model are applied to simulate the cavitating flows in a rotational hydrodynamic cavitation generator with a rotor and a stator. The cavitation generator is designed to have surface dimples on the rotor. The cavitating flows analyses in cavitation generator are focused mainly in the rotor. The accuracy and reliability of the calculation model and method are demonstrated by the good agreement between with experimental and numerical results. The pressure distribution, streamline distribution and vapor volume fraction distribution in cavitation generator with five different structures (5 different diameter of rotor dimples d=11mm, 13mm, 15mm, 17mm, 19mm) under the same operation condition are analysed. The calculation results show that the characteristics of streamline and cavitaion area and pressure area are quite different based on the magnitude of the dimple diameter of the rotor. It is observed that with the rotor dimple diameter increase, the cavity bubbles firstly appear in the low pressures area of dimple bottom and develops rapidly towards the wall and top of dimple; the mass transfer between water and vapor is even more intense; the low pressures area increases in dimple and the vortex area expands and the number of vortices increases, which induces the strong turbulence on the surface of the rotor and inside the rotor. The increasing the diameter of the rotor dimple is an effective means to enhance the cavitation effect of the rotational hydrodynamic cavitation generator.

It is well established that polymorphisms of the caspase activation and recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene, a major risk factor in Crohn's disease (CD), lead to loss of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) function. However, a molecular explanation of how such loss of function leads to increased susceptibility to CD has remained unclear. In a previous study exploring this question, we reported that activation of NOD2 in human dendritic cells by its ligand, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory responses. Here we show that NOD2 activation results in increased interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression and binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and RICK (receptor interacting serine–threonine kinase). We then show that such binding leads to IRF4-mediated inhibition of Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF6 and RICK and thus to downregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that protection of mice from the development of experimental colitis by MDP or IRF4 administration is accompanied by similar IRF4-mediated effects on polyubiquitination of TRAF6 and RICK in colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells. These findings thus define a mechanism of NOD2-mediated regulation of innate immune responses to intestinal microflora that could explain the relation of CARD15 polymorphisms and resultant NOD2 dysfunction to CD.

The current investigation is aimed to simulate the internal flows in a rotational cavitation generator with a rotor and a stator by using the RNG k-ε turbulence model and Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. The design of the cavitation generator is that the rotor is provided with surface dimples. A detailed analysis of the pressure distribution, vapor volume fraction distribution and velocity distribution in cavitation generator with five different structures (5 different depth of rotor dimples h =25mm, 35mm, 45mm, 55mm, 65mm) under the same operation condition, is presented. The simulation results demonstrate that the characteristics of velocity and pressure area and cavitaion area are quite different based on the magnitude of the dimple depth of the rotor. It is showed that with the rotor dimple depth increase, cavitation area appears in the low pressures area at the bottom of the dimple and expands rapidly inside dimple; near the top of the dimple, the pressure gradient becomes larger and larger and velocity gradient changes dramatically; which induces strong flow disturbance at the top of the dimple and on the surface of the rotor, the water vapor exchange effect is enhancing, and the cavitation effect is getting stronger and stronger. The cavitation effect of the rotational hydrodynamic cavitation generator can be enhanced by increasing the depth of the rotor dimple.

Prabakaran S, Rajan M, Lv C, Meng G. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:8261- 8279. The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding alleged image duplication in Figures 9, 12 and 13, specifically: Figure 9A appears to have been duplicated with Figure 9B, with decreased magnification, yet the scale bars for each image is the same. Figure 12, panel A, HAP Day 1, appears to have been duplicated with panel C, HAP Days 7, with contrast adjustments. Figure 12, panel E, MHAP Day 1, appears to have been duplicated with panel O, MHAP/AV Days 7, with contrast adjustments. Figure 12, panel L, HAP/AV Days 14, appears to have been duplicated with panel P, MHAP/AV Days 14, with contrast adjustments. Figure 13, panel A, MT Control, appears to have been duplicated with panel C, MT 2nd week, with increased magnification, yet the scale bars for each image is the same and panel D, MT 3rd week. Figure 13, panel F, HE Control, appears to have been duplicated with panel H, HE 2nd week, and panel J, HE 4th week. The authors responded to our queries but were unable to provide a satisfactory explanation or the original data for all the figures. The Editor determined the findings of the study were no longer valid and advised for the article to be retracted. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as \"Retracted\". This retraction relates to this paper

We study computable Polish spaces and Polish groups up to homeomorphism. We prove a natural effective analogy of Stone duality, and we also develop an effective definability technique which works up to homeomorphism. As an application, we show that there is a Δ 2 0 Polish space not homeomorphic to a computable one. We apply our techniques to build, for any computable ordinal α, an effectively closed set not homeomorphic to any 0(α)-computable Polish space; this answers a question of Nies. We also prove analogous results for compact Polish groups and locally path-connected spaces.

We report an early result from the ICARUS experiment on the search for a ν μ → ν e signal due to the LSND anomaly. The search was performed with the ICARUS T600 detector located at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, receiving CNGS neutrinos from CERN at an average energy of about 20 GeV, after a flight path of ∼730 km. The LSND anomaly would manifest as an excess of ν e events, characterized by a fast energy oscillation averaging approximately to with probability . The present analysis is based on 1091 neutrino events, which are about 50 % of the ICARUS data collected in 2010–2011. Two clear ν e events have been found, compared with the expectation of 3.7±0.6 events from conventional sources. Within the range of our observations, this result is compatible with the absence of a LSND anomaly. At 90 % and 99 % confidence levels the limits of 3.4 and 7.3 events corresponding to oscillation probabilities and are set respectively. The result strongly limits the window of open options for the LSND anomaly to a narrow region around (Δ m 2 ,sin 2 (2 θ )) new =(0.5 eV 2 ,0.005), where there is an overall agreement (90 % CL) between the present ICARUS limit, the published limits of KARMEN and the published positive signals of LSND and MiniBooNE Collaborations.

Although the prevalence of prehypertension is rapidly increasing in China, the medical community has paid little attention to its prevention. Prior studies have demonstrated that uric acid directly contributes to vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction. However, few prospective studies have assessed the relationship between serum uric acid and prehypertension. We therefore designed a larger-scale cohort study to examine whether uric acid level is a predictive factor for developing prehypertension in adults. Participants were recruited from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital-Health Management Centre. A prospective assessment ( n =15 143) was performed. Participants without a history of hypertension or prehypertension were followed up for 2 to 6 years with a median follow-up duration of 2.8 years. Serum uric acid levels and blood pressure were assessed yearly during the follow-up. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess relationships between the quintiles of uric acid levels and the incidence of prehypertension. The incidence of prehypertension was 191 per 1000 person-years. In the final multivariate models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for prehypertension across uric acid quintiles were 1.00 (reference), 0.98 (0.90–1.07), 1.01 (0.93–1.10), 1.09 (1.001–1.20) and 1.17 (1.06–1.29) ( P for trend <0.001), respectively. This population-based prospective cohort study has demonstrated that uric acid level is an independent predictor for developing prehypertension.

Many bacteria and about 40,000 plant species form primary carbohydrate reserves based on fructan; these polymers of beta-D-fructofuranose are thought to confer tolerance to drought and frost in plants. Microbial fructan, the beta(2,6)-linked levan, is synthesized directly from sucrose by levansucrase, which is able to catalyze both sucrose hydrolysis and levan polymerization. The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase, determined to a resolution of 1.5 A, shows a rare five-fold beta-propeller topology with a deep, negatively charged central pocket. Arg360, a residue essential for polymerase activity, lies in a solvent-exposed site adjacent to the central pocket. Mutagenesis data and the sucrose-bound structure of inactive levansucrase E342A, at a resolution of 2.1 A, strongly suggest that three conserved acidic side chains in the central pocket are critical for catalysis, and presumably function as nucleophile (Asp86) and general acid (Glu342), or stabilize the transition state (Asp247).