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In the French Armorican Massif, the Bretonian phase of the Variscan orogeny has been defined by the Late Devonian (Famennian‐Frasnian) erosion gap, and the Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) syntectonic terrigenous deposits of the l’Huisserie formation in the Laval basin in the Central‐North Armorican Domain, ascribed to the Armorica microcontinent. This phase is coeval with vertical (epeirogenic) movements. In addition to Neo‐, and Paleo‐Proterozoic peaks, ascribed to the Cadomian and Icartian events, respectively, the detrital zircon age populations of the l’Huisserie formation reveal the existence of a 388–358 Ma magmatic event previously recognized by the ca 367–360 Ma dolerite dyke swarms exposed in the N. part of the Central‐North Armorican Domain. The isotopic (εHf) signature of these grains documents a pre‐orogenic Variscan mantle contribution for the mafic magmatism interpreted here as the indication of the south‐directed subduction of the Le Conquet‐Teplá ocean, that is, a branch of the Rheic ocean, below the Armorica microcontinent during the Bretonian phase. The intraplate opening of the Laval, Ménez‐Bélair, and Châteaulin basins was coeval with this subduction. In the Laval area, the final closure of the basin, accommodated by north‐directed folds‐and‐thrusts, took place after the Bashkirian (ca 320 Ma).

Chiral inorganic nanomaterial-based circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have shown substantial promise in multiple research areas. However, the luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum), a key parameter for CPL, is far from satisfactory, especially for inorganic molecules with high luminescent quantum efficiency and diverse shapes and sizes. Obtaining large glum values is an urgent and crucial task in the field of CPL research. Among different approaches, the combination of inorganic nanomaterials and chiral nematic liquid crystals (N*-LCs) offers distinct advantages in achieving high glum values due to their distinctive optical characteristics and remarkable versatility. This concise review systematically investigates the recent advancements in CPL-active materials consisting of perovskites and N*-LCs. It elaborates on their preparation techniques, optical characteristics, and potential applications. Additionally, a brief outlook on their future development is offered. It is expected that this combination will assume an increasingly significant role in the CPL research field and attract more researchers to explore this area.

Understanding the transition from oceanic to continental subduction is critical for reconstructing the geodynamic evolution of orogens and constraining ancient plate boundaries. The Sulu orogenic belt in eastern China was formed by Triassic deep subduction of the South China Block (SCB) beneath the North China Block (NCB). Its architecture was reformed by multi‐phase exhumation of high‐pressure (HP) to ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks, obscuring the early syn‐convergence process. The Stenian to Tonian Wulian group—a non‐(U)HP tectonic unit—likely records the geodynamic process preceding deep continental subduction and is a key to understanding the transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Its debated tectonic affinity (SCB vs. NCB) further constrains the location of the plate boundary. We integrate structural, EBSD, and geochronological and geochemical investigations on the Wulian meta‐sediments. This group comprises a lower amphibolite‐facies unit and an upper greenschist‐facies unit. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopic data indicate its affinity for SCBs. Our structural analysis reveals a Late Permian–Early Triassic (ca. 260–250 Ma) norma‐sense shearing, with top‐to‐the‐NNE kinematics accommodating the southward extrusion of the Wulian group. Deformation temperatures were 400–500°C at the lower unit and 280–400°C at the upper unit. By comparison with tectonic events of HP–UHP units, we suggest that the Wulian group was decoupled from subducting SCB during oceanic slab break‐off (ca. 260–250 Ma), while the trailing continental crust continued to subduct and experienced HP–UHP metamorphism. This model implies that the NCB–SCB plate boundary lies north of the Wulian group.

The overriding plate commonly accumulates less strain than the subducted plate during continental collision. Analyzing plate interactions from the perspective of the overriding plate provides important insights into orogenic dynamics. In the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, the Wuliangshan massif, as a key region of the overriding plate, records tectonic events related to the closure of both the Paleo‐Tethys and Neo‐Tethys. In this study, we present detailed structural analysis, Titanium‐in‐quartz geothermometry, and zircon U‐Pb and Hf isotopic data. These results indicate that the Wuliangshan massif experienced rapid subsidence and deposition within a short period from 260 to 250 Ma in a back‐arc tectonic setting. The polyphase deformation events were recognized in the Wuliangshan massif. The ductile syn‐metamorphism D1 event, characterized by a top‐to‐the‐SE ductile shearing under middle‐to high‐temperature conditions, represents the tectonic response to the collision between the Sibumasu block and the Indochina block occurred at ca. 250–246 Ma. The D2 deformation is expressed by E‐directed thrusts and E‐verging folds coeval with a slaty cleavage. The D3 deformation is marked by SW‐directed thrusts and SW‐verging folds. The D2 and D3 events correspond to positive flower structures related to transpression along the Chongshan‐Lancang River fault and the Ailaoshan‐Red River fault, respectively. The D2‐related Chongshan‐Lancang River fault accommodated the southward extrusion of the western part of Sundaland occurred at 32–27 Ma. The southeastward extrusion of the entire Sundaland was accommodated by the D3‐related Ailaoshan‐Red River fault at 27–23 Ma.

The two principal histological types of primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma, can coexist within a tumor, comprising combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA). Although the possible involvement of liver stem/progenitor cells has been proposed for the pathogenesis of cHCC‐CCA, the cells might originate from transformed hepatocytes that undergo ductular transdifferentiation or dedifferentiation. We previously demonstrated that concomitant introduction of mutant HRASV12 (HRAS) and Myc into mouse hepatocytes induced dedifferentiated tumors that expressed fetal/neonatal liver genes and proteins. Here, we examine whether the phenotype of HRAS‐ or HRAS/Myc‐induced tumors might be affected by the disruption of the Trp53 gene, which has been shown to induce biliary differentiation in mouse liver tumors. Hepatocyte‐derived liver tumors were induced in heterozygous and homozygous p53‐knockout (KO) mice by hydrodynamic tail vein injection of HRAS‐ or Myc‐containing transposon cassette plasmids, which were modified by deleting loxP sites, with a transposase‐expressing plasmid. The HRAS‐induced and HRAS/Myc‐induced tumors in the wild‐type mice demonstrated histological features of HCC, whereas the phenotype of the tumors generated in the p53‐KO mice was consistent with cHCC‐CCA. The expression of fetal/neonatal liver proteins, including delta‐like 1, was detected in the HRAS/Myc‐induced but not in the HRAS‐induced cHCC‐CCA tissues. The dedifferentiation in the HRAS/Myc‐induced tumors was more marked in the homozygous p53‐KO mice than in the heterozygous p53‐KO mice and was associated with activation of Myc and YAP and suppression of ERK phosphorylation. Our results suggest that the loss of p53 promotes ductular differentiation of hepatocyte‐derived tumor cells through either transdifferentiation or Myc‐mediated dedifferentiation. The loss of p53 promotes ductular differentiation of hepatocyte‐derived tumor cells through either transdifferentiation or Myc‐mediated dedifferentiation. This figure shows a two‐dimensional perspective of the hepatocyte‐derived tumors with respect to transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation.

Soil visible and near–infrared reflectance spectroscopy is an effective tool for the rapid estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC). The development of spectroscopic technology has increased the application of spectral libraries for SOC research. However, the direct application of spectral libraries for SOC prediction remains challenging due to the high variability in soil types and soil–forming factors. This study aims to address this challenge by improving SOC prediction accuracy through spectral classification. We utilized the European Land Use and Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS) large–scale spectral library and employed a geographically weighted principal component analysis (GWPCA) combined with a fuzzy c–means (FCM) clustering algorithm to classify the spectra. Subsequently, we used partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the Cubist model for SOC prediction. Additionally, we classified the soil data by land cover types and compared the classification prediction results with those obtained from spectral classification. The results showed that (1) the GWPCA–FCM–Cubist model yielded the best predictions, with an average accuracy of R2 = 0.83 and RPIQ = 2.95, representing improvements of 10.33% and 18.00% in R2 and RPIQ, respectively, compared to unclassified full sample modeling. (2) The accuracy of spectral classification modeling based on GWPCA–FCM was significantly superior to that of land cover type classification modeling. Specifically, there was a 7.64% and 14.22% improvement in R2 and RPIQ, respectively, under PLSR, and a 13.36% and 29.10% improvement in R2 and RPIQ, respectively, under Cubist. (3) Overall, the prediction accuracy of Cubist models was better than that of PLSR models. These findings indicate that the application of GWPCA and FCM clustering in conjunction with the Cubist modeling technique can significantly enhance the prediction accuracy of SOC from large–scale spectral libraries.

A traditional flat-panel spectrometer does not allow high-resolution observation and miniaturization simultaneously. In this study, a compact, high-resolution cross-dispersion spectrometer was designed based on the theoretical basis of echelle grating for recording an infrared spectrum. To meet the high-resolution observation and miniaturization design requirements, a reflective immersion grating was used as the primary spectroscopic device. To compress the beam aperture of the imaging system, the order-separation device of the spectrometer adopted toroidal uniform line grating, which had both imaging and dispersion functions in the spectrometer. The aberration balance condition of the toroidal uniform line grating was analyzed based on the optical path difference function of the concave grating, and dispersion characteristics of the immersed grating and thermal design of the infrared lens were discussed based on the echelle grating. An immersion echelle spectrometer optical system consisting of a culmination system, an immersed echelle grating, and a converged system was used. The spectrometer was based on the asymmetrical Czerny-Turner and Littrow mount designs, and it was equipped with a 320 × 256 pixel detector array. The designed wavelength range was 3.7–4.8 μm, the F-number was 4, and the central wavelength resolution was approximately 30,000. An infrared cooling detector was used. The design results showed that, in the operating band range, the root implied that the square diameter of the spectrometer spot diagram was less than 30 μm, the energy was concentrated in a pixel size range, and the spectrometer system design met the requirements.

The craton is a long-lived stable geologic unit on the Earth’s surface. However, since the Mesozoic, the North China Craton (NCC) experienced large-scale lithospheric removal, the fundamental change of physical and chemical characteristics of the lithospheric mantle, widely distributed crustal deformation, and extensive magmatism. This complex evolution contrary to other cratons is called the NCC destruction. Widespread magmatism in the eastern NCC is an important response to the lithospheric removal at depth and crustal deformation on the surface. The plutons emplace under a tectonic context and therefore record the information of the tectonics; especially, the anisotropy magnetic susceptibility (AMS) pattern of the pluton was acquired with the influence of regional stress. In the past fifteen years, about 22 plutons intruding during the different periods from the Late Triassic to the late stage of the Early Cretaceous have been studied with AMS. The emplacement mechanisms of plutons and the contemporary tectonic setting were discussed to constrain their relationship with the NCC destruction in different stages of magmatism. As a result, the Late Triassic, Early Jurassic, and Late Jurassic plutons exhibit consistent N(E)-S(W) trending magnetic lineations. The early stage of Early Cretaceous plutons display NW-SE trending magnetic lineations, while the late stage of Early Cretaceous plutons show magnetic lineations with various orientations. Combined with previous studies, it is concluded that the emplacements of the plutons intruding in these three stages were controlled by weak N(E)-S(W) trending extension, regional NW-SE trending extension, and weak extension in the shallow crustal level, respectively. The transformation of regional extension from the N(E)-S(W) to the NW-SE direction was accompanied by a strain-increasing tendency. The extensional tectonics in the eastern NCC was interpreted to represent the interaction between Mongol-Okhotsk belt, Paleo-Pacific plate, and eastern Eurasian continent.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Although some patients benefit from immunotherapy, the majority of patients have unsatisfactory immunotherapy outcomes, and the clinical significance of immune-related genes in gastric cancer remains unknown. We used the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method to evaluate the immune cell content of gastric cancer patients from TCGA and clustered patients based on immune cell scores. The Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm was used to identify immune subtype-related genes. The patients in TCGA were randomly divided into test 1 and test 2 in a 1:1 ratio, and a machine learning integration process was used to determine the best prognostic signatures in the total cohort. The signatures were then validated in the test 1 and the test 2 cohort. Based on a literature search, we selected 93 previously published prognostic signatures for gastric cancer and compared them with our prognostic signatures. At the single-cell level, the algorithms \"Seurat,\" \"SCEVAN\", \"scissor\", and \"Cellchat\" were used to demonstrate the cell communication disturbance of high-risk cells. WGCNA and univariate Cox regression analysis identified 52 prognosis-related genes, which were subjected to 98 machine-learning integration processes. A prognostic signature consisting of 24 genes was identified using the StepCox[backward] and Enet[alpha = 0.7] machine learning algorithms. This signature demonstrated the best prognostic performance in the overall, test1 and test2 cohort, and outperformed 93 previously published prognostic signatures. Interaction perturbations in cellular communication of high-risk T cells were identified at the single-cell level, which may promote disease progression in patients with gastric cancer. We developed an immune-related prognostic signature with reliable validity and high accuracy for clinical use for predicting the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Systemic infection with Candida albicans poses a significant risk for people with weakened immune systems and carries a mortality rate of up to 60%. However, current therapeutic options have several limitations, including increasing drug tolerance, notable off-target effects, and severe adverse reactions. Over the past four decades, the progress in developing drugs to treat Candida albicans infections has been sluggish. This comprehensive review addresses the limitations of existing drugs and summarizes the efforts made toward redesigning and innovating existing or novel drugs through nanotechnology. The discussion explores the potential applications of nanomedicine in Candida albicans infections from four perspectives: nano-preparations for anti-biofilm therapy, innovative formulations of “old drugs” targeting the cell membrane and cell wall, reverse drug resistance therapy targeting subcellular organelles, and virulence deprivation therapy leveraging the unique polymorphism of Candida albicans . These therapeutic approaches are promising to address the above challenges and enhance the efficiency of drug development for Candida albicans infections. By harnessing nano-preparation technology to transform existing and preclinical drugs, novel therapeutic targets will be uncovered, providing effective solutions and broader horizons to improve patient survival rates. Graphical abstracts