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"Meng, Yang"
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Ultralight covalent organic framework/graphene aerogels with hierarchical porosity
The fabrication of macroscopic objects from covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is challenging but of great significance to fully exploit their chemical functionality and porosity. Herein, COF/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels synthesized by a hydrothermal approach are presented. The COFs grow in situ along the surface of the 2D graphene sheets, which are stacked in a 3D fashion, forming an ultralight aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure after freeze-drying, which can be compressed and expanded several times without breaking. The COF/rGO aerogels show excellent absorption capacity (uptake of >200 g organic solvent/g aerogel), which can be used for removal of various organic liquids from water. Moreover, as active material of supercapacitor devices, the aerogel delivers a high capacitance of 269 F g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
and cycling stability over 5000 cycles.
Macroscopic architectures of covalent organic frameworks (COF) allow to fully exploit their chemical functionality and porosity but achieving three-dimensional hierarchical porous COF architectures remains challenging. Here, the authors present a COF/reduced graphene oxide aerogel which is synthesized by growing COF during a hydrothermal process along the surface of graphene sheets.
Journal Article
Oxygen-evolving catalytic atoms on metal carbides
Single-atom catalysts have shown promising performance in various catalytic reactions. Catalytic metal sites supported on oxides or carbonaceous materials are usually strongly coordinated by oxygen or heteroatoms, which naturally affects their electronic environment and consequently their catalytic activity. Here, we reveal the stabilization of single-atom catalysts on tungsten carbides without the aid of heteroatom coordination for efficient catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Benefiting from the unique structure of tungsten carbides, the atomic FeNi catalytic sites are weakly bonded with the surface W and C atoms. The reported catalyst shows a low overpotential of 237 mV at 10 mA cm
−
2
, which can even be lowered to 211 mV when the FeNi content is increased, a high turnover frequency value of 4.96 s
−1
(
η
= 300 mV) and good stability (1,000 h). Density functional theory calculations show that either metallic Fe/Ni atoms or (hydro)oxide FeNi species are responsible for the high OER activity. We suggest that the application of inexpensive and durable WC
x
supports opens up a promising pathway to develop further single-atom catalysts for electrochemical catalytic reactions
Metal oxides or carbonaceous supported atomic metal sites coordinated by oxygen or heteroatoms exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Stabilization of single-atom catalysts on tungsten carbides without heteroatom coordination for efficient oxygen evolution reaction is demonstrated.
Journal Article
The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via osteoblasts. Other cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and osteocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Different cytokines from activated macrophages can regulate or stimulate the development of osteoclastogenesis-associated bone loss. The fusion of macrophages can form multinucleated osteoclasts and, thus, cause bone resorption via the expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Different cytokines, endocrines, and chemokines are also expressed that may affect the presentation of macrophages in osteoporosis. Macrophages have an effect on bone formation during fracture-associated bone repair. However, activated macrophages may secrete proinflammatory cytokines that induce bone loss by osteoclastogenesis, and are associated with the activation of bone resorption. Targeting activated macrophages at an appropriate stage may help inhibit or slow the progression of bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
Journal Article
Langerhans cell histiocytosis present in a 1-day-old girl: a case report
Background
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare condition characterized by diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from cutaneous lesions to systemic involvement. Although Langerhans cell histiocytosis occurs infrequently in newborns, its diagnosis during this period presents significant challenges.
Case presentation
A 1-day-old Chinese female infant presented with multiple red papules at birth and was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis following a second skin biopsy. Despite symptomatic treatment, the child experienced recurrent fever and gastrointestinal bleeding. Tafinlar treatment was initiated at 2 months of age, which improved her symptoms.
Conclusion
Prompt identification of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in newborns remains challenging owing to the disease’s complexity and varied clinical manifestations; thus, it is essential to advance pathological technologies for Langerhans cell histiocytosis detection.
Journal Article
Didymin alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) via the stimulation of Sirt1-mediated lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic syndromes worldwide. However, no approved pharmacological treatments are available for MAFLD. Chenpi, one kind of dried peel of citrus fruits, has traditionally been utilized as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Didymin is a newly identified oral bioactive dietary flavonoid glycoside derived from Chenpi. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Didymin as an anti-MAFLD drug and elucidated its underlying mechanisms.
Methods
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mice and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were utilized to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of Didymin in the treatment of MAFLD. Liver weight, serum biochemical parameters, and liver morphology were examined to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of Didymin in MAFLD treatment. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify potential pathways that could be affected by Didymin. The impact of Didymin on Sirt1 was corroborated through western blot, molecular docking analysis, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and deacetylase activity assay. Then, a Sirt1 inhibitor (EX-527) was utilized to confirm that Didymin alleviates MAFLD via Sirt1. Western blot and additional assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Results
Our results suggested that Didymin may possess therapeutic potential against MAFLD in vitro and in vivo. By promoting Sirt1 expression as well as directly binding to and activating Sirt1, Didymin triggers downstream pathways that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function while reducing apoptosis and enhancing lipophagy.
Conclusions
These suggest that Didymin could be a promising medication for MAFLD treatment. Furthermore, its therapeutic effects are mediated by Sirt1.
Journal Article
Analysis of axial shortening induced by orthokeratology lenses and its mechanical mechanisms
This study aims to examine the short-term axial shortening effects of orthokeratology (ortho-K) lenses and investigate their mechanical mechanisms.
We conducted a retrospective analysis on 80 myopic children, aged 8-18, who wore ortho-K lenses for one week. Axial lengths were measured pre- and post-treatment using AL-Scan Optical Biometer. We developed a finite element model of the eye using ABAQUS software to explore mechanical changes.
A significant reduction in axial length was observed after one week of ortho-K lens wear, with an average decrease of 0.028 ± 0.032 mm (P = 4.02 x 10-11). Approximately 82.5% of participants exhibited axial length reduction. The biomechanical model indicated that ortho-K lenses exerted forces altering the tension dynamics within the ocular structure, notably decreasing tension in the posterior ciliary muscle-lens complex. This differential change in tension may account for the mechanical basis of the observed short-term reduction in axial length.
Orthokeratology lenses induce a short-term shortening in axial length, likely due to mechanical changes in ocular tension dynamics. The finite element model suggests that these lenses decrease posterior ciliary-lens complex tension, leading to axial shortening. These findings enhance comprehension of the mechanical basis for myopia control via ortho-K treatment, highlighting potential avenues for further applied research in myopia management.
Journal Article
Analysis of Performance Improvement of Real-time Internet of Things Application Data Processing in the Movie Industry Platform
The goal of this study is to plan and develop complete strategies to improve the performance of film industry. The primary objectives of this study are to investigate a dataset generated by a IoT application and the nature of the data forms obtained, the speed of the data arriving rate, and the required query response time and to list the issues that the current film industry faces when attempting to handle IoT applications in real time. Finally, in film industry platforms, high performance with varied stream circulation levels of real-time IoT application information was realized. In this study, we proposed three alternative methods on top of the Storm platform, nicknamed Re-Storm, to improve the performance of IoT application data. Three different proposed strategies are (1) data stream graph optimization framework, (2) energy-efficient self-scheduling strategy, and (3) real-time data stream computing with memory DVFS. The work proposed a methodology for dealing with heterogeneous traffic-aware incoming rate of data streams Re-Storm at multiple traffic points, resulting in a short response time and great energy efficiency. It is divided into three parts, the first of which is a scientific model for fast response time and great energy efficiency. The distribution of resources is then considered using DVFS approaches, and successful optimum association methods are shown. Third is self-allocation of worker nodes towards optimizing DSG using hot swapping and making the span minimization technique. Furthermore, the testing findings suggest that Re-Storm outperforms Storm by 20–30% for real-time streaming data of IoT applications. This research focuses on high energy efficiency, short reaction time, and managing data stream traffic arrival rate. A model for a specific phase of data coming via IoT and real-time computing devices was built on top of the Storm platform. There is no need to change any software approach or hardware component in this design, but only merely add an energy-efficient and traffic-aware algorithm. The design and development of this algorithm take into account all of the needs of the data produced by IoT applications. It is an open-source platform with less prerequisites for addressing a more sophisticated big data challenge.
Journal Article
Gender Differences in Emotional Response: Inconsistency between Experience and Expressivity
The present study investigated gender differences in both emotional experience and expressivity. Heart rate (HR) was recorded as an indicator of emotional experience while the participants watched 16 video clips that induced eight types of emotion (sadness, anger, horror, disgust, neutrality, amusement, surprise, and pleasure). We also asked the participants to report valence, arousal, and motivation as indicators of emotional expressivity. Overall, the results revealed gender differences in emotional experience and emotional expressivity. When watching videos that induced anger, amusement, and pleasure, men showed larger decreases in HR, whereas women reported higher levels of arousal. There was no gender difference in HR when the participants watched videos that induced horror and disgust, but women reported lower valence, higher arousal, and stronger avoidance motivation than did men. Finally, no gender difference was observed in sadness or surprise, although there was one exception-women reported higher arousal when watching videos that induced sadness. The findings suggest that, when watching videos that induce an emotional response, men often have more intense emotional experiences, whereas women have higher emotional expressivity, particularly for negative emotions. In addition, gender differences depend on the specific emotion type but not the valence.
Journal Article
Ligands with 1,10-phenanthroline scaffold for highly regioselective iron-catalyzed alkene hydrosilylation
Transition-metal-catalyzed alkene hydrosilylation is one of the most important homogeneous catalytic reactions, and the development of methods that use base metals, especially iron, as catalysts for this transformation is a growing area of research. However, the limited number of ligand scaffolds applicable for base-metal-catalyzed alkene hydrosilylation has seriously hindered advances in this area. Herein, we report the use of 1,10-phenanthroline ligands in base-metal catalysts for alkene hydrosilylation. In particular, iron catalysts with 2,9-diaryl-1,10-phenanthroline ligands exhibit unexpected reactivity and selectivity for hydrosilylation of alkenes, including unique benzylic selectivity with internal alkenes, Markovnikov selectivity with terminal styrenes and 1,3-dienes, and excellent activity toward aliphatic terminal alkenes. According to the mechanistic studies, the unusual benzylic selectivity of this hydrosilylation initiates from
π
–
π
interaction between the phenyl of the alkene and the phenanthroline of the ligand. This ligand scaffold and its unique catalytic model will open possibilities for base-metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions.
Hydrosilylation of alkenes poses substantial challenges in terms of regioselectivity. Here, the authors report iron complexes with 1,10-phenantroline ligand scaffolds which display benzylic selectivity in the hydrosilylation of internal alkenes and Markovnikov selectivity with terminal styrenes and 1,3-dienes.
Journal Article