Explore the vast range of titles available.

Carbon emission trading and green certificate trading mechanisms constitute the cornerstone of low-carbon transitions in integrated energy systems (IESs). However, independent operation of these mechanisms creates coordination barriers that limit their synergistic emission reduction and economic potential. To address this problem, this paper propose a novel low-carbon cooperative operation model based on a green certificate and carbon emission trading mechanism. First, to maximize the environmental value benefits of the system, a dual-market linkage mechanism is constructed, which is mediated by the carbon reduction attributes of green certificates. Second, a multi-operator cooperative alliance is established based on cooperative game theory, and the Shapley value method is employed to rationally allocate cooperative surplus, thereby enhancing the multi-energy complementarity of the IES. Case analysis indicates that under this strategy, the system’s carbon emissions intensity decreased by 30%, while the alliance’s overall operating revenue increased by 22.6%, achieving low-carbon economic operation of IES.

Adopting the emerging technology of printed electronics in manufacturing novel ultrathin flat panel displays attracts both academic and industrial interests because of the challenge in the device physics and the potential of reducing production costs. Here we produce all-solution processed polymer light-emitting diode displays by solution-depositing the cathode and utilizing a multifunctional buffer layer between the cathode and the organic layers. The use of ink-jetted conducting nanoparticles as the cathode yields high-resolution cathode patterns without any mechanical stress on the organic layers. The buffer layer, which offers the functions of solvent-proof electron injection and proper affinity, is fabricated by mixing the water/alcohol-soluble polymer and a curable epoxy adhesive. Our 1.5-inch polymer light-emitting diode displays are fabricated without any dead pixels or dead lines. The all-solution process eliminates the need for high vacuum for thermal evaporation of the cathode, which paves the way to industrial roll-to-roll manufacturing of flat panel displays. Polymer light-emitting diodes promise cheap and flexible lighting and displays, but their fabrication is hindered by high-vacuum methods for creating cathodes. Zheng et al. show an all-solution processing approach to polymer diodes that removes this obstacle, offering roll-to-roll fabrication of devices.

Biophysical cues play a crucial role in T cell biology, yet their implications in adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of electrical stimuli on CD8 + T cells using a charged substrate composed of electroactive nanocomposites with tunable surface charge intensities. Electrical stimuli enhance the persistence and tumor-suppressive efficacy of transferred T cells, with effects dependent on substrate charge. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis unveils a decrease in virtual memory T (Tvm) cells and an increase in proliferative potential T (Tpp) cells, which exhibit superior antitumor activity and metabolic adaptations relative to those treated with uncharged substrate. ATAC-seq profiling demonstrates heightened accessibility at upstream binding sites for EGR1, a transcription factor critical for Tpp cell differentiation. Mechanistically, the charged substrate disrupts ionic TCR-lipid interactions, amplifies TCR signaling, and activates EGR1, thereby impeding Tvm polarization during ex vivo culture. Our findings thus highlight the importance of extracellular electrical stimuli in shaping T cell fate, offering potential for optimizing ACT for therapeutic applications. Biophysical cues play a crucial role in T cell biology, yet their implications in adoptive T cell therapy remain elusive. Here the authors use a charged substrate to enhance T cell proliferation and anti-tumor function for adoptive transfer therapy, with the mechanism of amplifying TCR signaling, activating EGR1 signaling and impeding virtual memory T polarization.

Background Oral mucosal health is a critical component of overall oral health and impacts an individual’s quality of life. Despite variations in prevalence rates of oral mucosal diseases across regions, previous studies often involved small sample sizes with insufficient data analysis. This study addresses the gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the changing spectrum of oral mucosal diseases in China, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19. It also explores trends in the use of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) for treatment. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 316,166 patients from the Department of Oral Medicine at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between 2016 and 2024. Data on patient demographics, chief complaints, diagnoses, and the use of CPMs were collected and analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made using t -tests and chi-square tests, with significance set at P  < 0.05. Results The average patient age was 49.42 ± 17.92 years, and women were significantly overrepresented (male/female ratio: 0.59). The most frequent diagnoses were oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, accounting for the top two positions each year. The study found significant differences in disease patterns among age groups, with oral potentially malignant disorders like oral lichen planus becoming more prevalent in older populations. CPMs were used by 52.29% of patients, with similar proportions using topical and systemic treatments. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022), the number of patients dropped significantly, and an increased prevalence of burning mouth syndrome and oral candidiasis was observed. Conclusion This study offers the largest amount of valuable epidemiological data on the management of oral mucosal diseases to date in China, underscoring the need for targeted health resource allocation. An important trend was the greater predilection for females and middle-aged and elderly populations. The top three diseases in terms of number of patients were oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and oral candidiasis. The treatment data indicated widespread use of CPMs for oral mucosal diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant decrease in the number of total patients and was also characterized by an increase in the proportion of patients with diseases that have psychosomatic associations. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread use of CPMs warrant further investigation in future studies to ensure evidence-based medical practices. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

The existence of solutions is used the premise of discussing other properties of dynamic systems. The goal of this paper is to investigate the fundamental properties of nonlinear stochastic differential equations via the Khasminskii test, including the local existence and global existence of the solutions. Firstly, a fundamental result is given as a lemma to verify the local existence of solutions to the considered equation. Then, the equivalent proposition for the global existence and the fundamental principle for the Khasminskii test are formally established. Moreover, the classical Khasminskii test is generalized to the cases with high-order estimates and heavy nonlinearity for the stochastic derivatives of the Lyapunov functions. The role of the noise in this aspect is especially investigated, some concrete criteria are obtained, and an application for the role of the noise in the persistence of financial systems is accordingly provided. As another application of the fundamental principle, a new version of the Khasminskii test is established for the delayed stochastic systems. Finally the conclusions obtained in the paper are verified by simulation. The results show that, under weaker conditions, the global existence of better solutions to stochastic systems to those in the existing literature can be obtained.

This study assessed pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hierarchical management of COPD patients, examining influencing factors to inform standardization. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023 using convenience sampling, yielding 206 valid responses via WeChat-distributed questionnaires. Data analysis employed t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Pharmacists' mean scores were: knowledge (6.13 ± 1.96), attitudes (27.56 ± 3.37), and practices (21.02 ± 6.06). Regression analysis highlighted correlations between knowledge scores and gender, education, and hospital level (  < 0.05); attitudes and academic qualifications (  < 0.05); practices and hospital level (  < 0.05). Pharmacists demonstrated moderate knowledge, positive attitudes, and average practices in COPD management. Tailored training programs addressing educational and institutional disparities are essential to enhance their capacity in hierarchical COPD care.

With the increasing number of mobile applications, there has more challenging network management tasks to resolve. Users also face security issues of the mobile Internet application when enjoying the mobile network resources. Identifying applications that correspond to network traffic can help network operators effectively perform network management. The existing mobile application recognition technology presents new challenges in extensibility and applications with encryption protocols. For the existing mobile application recognition technology, there are two problems, they can not recognize the application which using the encryption protocol and their scalability is poor. In this paper, a mobile application identification method based on Hidden Markov Model(HMM) is proposed to extract the defined statistical characteristics from different network flows generated when each application starting. According to the time information of different network flows to get the corresponding time series, and then for each application to be identified separately to establish the corresponding HMM model. Then, we use 10 common applications to test the method proposed in this paper. The test results show that the mobile application recognition method proposed in this paper has a high accuracy and good generalization ability.

Mobile social networks (MSNs) exploit human mobility and consequent device-to-device contact to opportunistically realize data communication. Thus links in MSNs is dynamic changing over time and strongly influenced by people activities, mining influential nodes is one of the important questions for effective information transmission in MSNs. While traditional centrality definitions are based on the static binary network model and not suitable for time-varying topology structure in mobile social network. Furthermore previous centrality metrics often referred to social attributes about neighbor nodes and contact times, and did not take the contact duration time into consideration. Therefore, this paper proposes a centrality measurement method based on multi-social attributes weighted. We first use the temporal evolution graph model which more accurately depicts the dynamic nature of topology in MSNs. Quantifying human social relations and mobility model as weights for the links, and then we redefine degree of centrality and the measurement of shortest path. Finally, the superiority of the concepts we posed are evaluated in the real data set.

Carbon materials demonstrate huge potential in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to the rich resources and considerable electrochemical reaction activity. However, the raw materials of most carbon materials come from non-renewable fossil materials with harsh and costly synthesis process, hindering the sustainable application in energy storage. Herein, raw materials derived from phoenix tree fruits were collected and treated by a direct pyrolysis process, obtaining novel biomass-based hollow carbon fibers material (HCFs). The HCFs consist of carbon shell with interleaved wrinkles in the inner wall, which can offer abundant active reaction sites, fast charge diffusion dynamics, and enhanced structural stability for electrochemical storage. When used as anode material for LIBs, the HCFs deliver large initial discharge/charge capacities of 949.7/321.9 mAh g −1 and a high reversible capacity of 331.9 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g −1 and long cycling capability of 140.5 mAh g −1 at 1000 mA g −1 after 2000 cycles. When assembled into PIBs, considerable K-storage performance was also obtained. This work paves a new route for the exploration of biomass-based carbon materials and the facile design of unique hollow carbon fibers for high-performance rechargeable LIBs and PIBs.

Oral mucosal health is a critical component of overall oral health and impacts an individual's quality of life. Despite variations in prevalence rates of oral mucosal diseases across regions, previous studies often involved small sample sizes with insufficient data analysis. This study addresses the gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the changing spectrum of oral mucosal diseases in China, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19. It also explores trends in the use of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) for treatment. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 316,166 patients from the Department of Oral Medicine at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between 2016 and 2024. Data on patient demographics, chief complaints, diagnoses, and the use of CPMs were collected and analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made using t-tests and chi-square tests, with significance set at P < 0.05. The average patient age was 49.42 ± 17.92 years, and women were significantly overrepresented (male/female ratio: 0.59). The most frequent diagnoses were oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, accounting for the top two positions each year. The study found significant differences in disease patterns among age groups, with oral potentially malignant disorders like oral lichen planus becoming more prevalent in older populations. CPMs were used by 52.29% of patients, with similar proportions using topical and systemic treatments. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), the number of patients dropped significantly, and an increased prevalence of burning mouth syndrome and oral candidiasis was observed. This study offers the largest amount of valuable epidemiological data on the management of oral mucosal diseases to date in China, underscoring the need for targeted health resource allocation. An important trend was the greater predilection for females and middle-aged and elderly populations. The top three diseases in terms of number of patients were oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and oral candidiasis. The treatment data indicated widespread use of CPMs for oral mucosal diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant decrease in the number of total patients and was also characterized by an increase in the proportion of patients with diseases that have psychosomatic associations. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread use of CPMs warrant further investigation in future studies to ensure evidence-based medical practices.