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The objective of this study is twofold: (i) to evaluate the bony changes of an early medieval skeleton (UF2) from Barcelona, which presents lesions suggestive of Still’s disease and (ii) to contribute to the debate concerning the existence of autoimmune joint diseases in Europe prior to Columbus’s voyages. Macroscopic examination reveals a male between 45 and 50 years of age. Palaeopathological and radiological evaluation reveals the left carpal and carpometacarpal ankylosis, affecting the proximal epiphysis of the second to fifth left metacarpals, and the partial fusion of the C2 and C3 vertebral arches. Differential diagnosis of these lesions, their macroscopic and radiological appearance and the presence of C2-C3 fusion without odontoid erosions, as well as the asymmetry in the joint involvement, indicated Still’s disease. This case provides a new evidence for autoimmune joint diseases in Europe prior to Columbus’s voyages. The apparent increase in these diseases in Europe after the 17th century, could be attributed to the significant changes in lifestyle and diet that occurred in the early modern period. Although individual predisposition is crucial, other factors such as nutrition and lifestyle, which can both play an environmental role as triggers or therapeutic elements for these diseases, are also relevant.

During July 2016, the first integrated heat flow, CO2, and 3He emission survey was conducted across 0.5 km2 of the summit cone and crater of Teide volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. The thermal energy released from Teide summit cone by diffuse degassing was 2.2 MW, and the heat flux calculated through Dawson’s method was 8.1 MW, difference due to the comparison of purely convective areas as the crater with diffusive areas as the flanks of the volcano. Diffuse CO2 output was 211±20 t d-1, and 3He emission was estimated to be within a range between 0.35 and 0.89 mol y-1. The obtained values of diffuse degassing and heat fluxes are close to others obtained for similar volcanic areas. The calculation of 3He/heat ratio for the first time in this volcanic system supports the presence of an important mantle source for the degassing of Teide volcano.

A pesar de las diversas normativas y acciones puestas en marcha para alcanzar la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en la ciencia y la academia, la desigualdad de género sigue teniendo un papel protagonista en la realidad actual que define las universidades públicas españolas. La aprobación de la LO 3/2007 y las consiguientes normativas derivadas de la misma, tuvieron una importancia crucial en la institucionalización de las políticas de igualdad en las universidades españolas estableciendo, como mandato de obligado cumplimiento, la creación de unidades de igualad y el desarrollo de planes de igualad como herramienta principal para articular acciones de igualdad en las universidades españolas. Tras diez años de la aparición de dicha ley, se torna fundamental evaluar la efectividad de las iniciativas impulsadas. En el presente artículo analizamos el funcionamiento de las políticas de igualdad de las universidades públicas españolas poniendo especial atención en las características de los planes de igualdad. Se diseñó una estrategia metodológica que permitió realizar un análisis global de la situación de las políticas de igualdad en las universidades españolas, combinando el uso de técnicas cuantitativas con el análisis del contenido de los planes, entrevistas exploratorias a especialistas en igualdad en el campo científico y académico así como entrevistas semiestructuradas a las responsables de las estructuras de igualdad de las universidades españolas. Los resultados apuntan que, tras una década de desarrollo de políticas de igualdad, la actual legislación, en la medida en que marca las medidas necesarias pero sin garantizar que se pongan en práctica, sigue presentando muchas insuficiencias, sobre todo en relación a la gran rigidez de las estructuras universitarias, que siguen mostrando fuertes resistencias a un cambio estructural e institucional acorde con la igualdad.

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la lucha contra la violencia de género desarrollada en España desde la aprobación de la Ley 1/2004. Se ha realizado un análisis empírico a partir de los datos oficiales sobre denuncias y víctimas por violencia de género, con el objetivo de valorar si las políticas públicas desarrolladas por el Gobierno español en la lucha contra la violencia de género están siendo efectivas. Se afirma que, a pesar de que España se presenta como uno de los países más avanzados en esta materia, tras 15 años de la aparición de dicha Ley, la acción jurídica que propone sigue siendo insuficiente para la erradicación de la violencia de género y doméstica. Finalizamos con una serie de recomendaciones que amplían el debate sobre la lucha contra la violencia de género en España. This paper analyses the efforts to combat gender-based violence in Spain since the passing of Law 1/2004. This is the applicable legal framework in the fight against gender-based violence (GBV). Based on the official data on the complaints and on the victims of gender-based violence, an empirical analysis was carried out to assess whether the public policies implemented by the Spanish government in the fight against gender-based violence have been effective. The results indicate that, even though Spain is one of the most advanced countries in this area, 15 years after Law 1/2004 was passed, the legal actions contained in it are still insufficient for the eradication of gender-based and domestic violence. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations to broaden the debate on the fight against gender-based violence in Spain.

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with cancer. Currently, there is a need to develop an easily applicable risk model that can identify patients who will benefit from receiving primary thromboprophylaxis to reduce the incidence of VTE. Patients and methods This was a non-interventional, multicenter, observational, prospective study carried out in 62 Oncology and Hematology services in Spain and Portugal between January 2018 and December 2019. The main objective of the CARTAGO study was to develop a predictive model within a competitive risk framework to assess the risk of VTE in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, biological, or hormonal treatment. Results A total of 1596 patients were analyzed. VTE events occurred in 124 (8%) during the 6-month follow-up period (42% of deep vein thrombosis [DVT], 48% of pulmonary embolism [PE], and 10% of both DVT and PE). Four variables were selected for the multivariate predictive model to determine the risk of VTE (tumor type, D-dimer, compression of a vessel by the tumor, and leukocyte count). The 4 variables were associated with an increased risk of VTE (C-statistic, 0.646 [95%CI, 0.620-0.673]). The most significant variables in the internal validation with bootstrapping were the “very high risk” tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.032; 95%CI, 1.287-3.211). Conclusion The CARTAGO model predicts the VTE risk in patients with cancer receiving anticancer therapy in an outpatient setting. This model can easily aid in identifying ambulatory patients who would probably benefit from primary thromboprophylaxis.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. CRC leads to increased activation of the clotting system. Since CRC patients present a higher rate of bleeding, careful evaluation of the risk/benefits of anticoagulant prophylaxis is necessary. Aims To evaluate low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for primary thromboprophylaxis in metastatic CRC outpatients receiving first-line systemic cancer therapy. Methods PROTINCOL (NCT05625932) is a randomized, open-label (PROBE), multicenter study. Patients will receive tinzaparin (75 IU/kg) or no pharmacological prophylaxis for 4 months and will be stratified based on: BRAF/RAS mutation, primary resection tumor and antiangiogenic therapy. The study outcomes will be assessed by a blinded central independent adjudication committee. The primary efficacy endpoints will include the cumulative incidence of any venous thromboembolism (VTE) event (symptomatic or incidental) including symptomatic central venous catheter VTE. Secondary variables will be clinically relevant bleedings, health-related quality of life and the predictive value of validated risk assessment scales of VTE, including the genetic risk score (TIC-ONCO). Our hypothesis is that prophylactic LMWH will reduce the 55% relative risk to an estimated VTE incidence of 13.5%. A total of 526 patients will be required. Discussion Risk prediction of chemotherapy-associated VTE is a compelling challenge in oncology, as VTE may result in treatment delays, impaired quality of life, and increased mortality. Patients with a single type of metastatic cancer with a high risk of VTE will be selected for study inclusion. For the first time in ambulatory prophylaxis of cancer-associated thrombosis, a precision medicine approach will be used in a clinical trial. If the individualization of antithrombotic prophylaxis can reduce the complications of outpatient cancer treatment and be cost effective, it would be of great value in the future care of patients with metastatic CRC. Trial registration NCT05625932. Registered on 15 Nov 2022. Trial status The trial started recruitment on March 2023.

This paper analyses the efforts to combat gender-based violence in Spain since the passing of Law 1/2004. This is the applicable legal framework in the fight against gender-based violence (GBV). Based on the official data on the complaints and on the victims of genderbased violence, an empirical analysis was carried out to assess whether the public policies implemented by the Spanish government in the fight against gender-based violence have been effective. The results indicate that, even though Spain is one of the most advanced countries in this area, 15 years after Law 1/2004 was passed, the legal actions contained in it are still insufficient for the eradication of genderbased and domestic violence. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations to broaden the debate on the fight against genderbased violence in Spain.

Burial customs in the Iberian Period (Iron Age II) included cremation. Only perinatal and newborn infants were buried directly beneath floor settlement. These infants represent the very few unburned human remains recovered from Iberian sites. The interpretation of these infant burials is in debate, focusing on whether they are unnatural or natural deaths. Our aim is to infer mortality patterns and developmental conditions of these individuals, in order to respond if infanticide was present in these assemblages. A large perinatal human skeletal sample from the Ca n’Oliver site (sixth century to 50 years BCE) from the Iberian Period of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula was analysed, combining osteological methods together with tooth histology and aDNA analysis. Combining osteological and odontological estimates indicated ages between 22 and 42 weeks of gestation for 47 out of a total of 48 individuals. The remaining individual died at about 6 months after birth. Tooth height and enamel histology indicated in 9 out of a subgroup of 13 individuals a low probability of live birth. The remaining 4 individuals possibly survived birth for less than 2 months. According to morphological and molecular results, the sex ratio of this sample is approximately 1:1 male to female. The mortality distribution is consistent with natural mortality. These perinatal deaths were probably spontaneous abortions and neonatal deaths, reflecting an endogenous mortality profile due to genetic and maternal influences. The present study will serve to broaden our knowledge on perinatal individuals of the Iberian Period.

A proper understanding of the meaning of prepositions in context is vital for exegesis. Indeed, the exegetical debate has been sometimes about the value of a particular preposition. However, there are still cases of disagreement about the meaning of [phrase omitted] morpholexeme in different passages of the New Testament in translations, major classical and New Testament Greek dictionaries as well as in some grammars and studies. This paper will analyze passages from the New Testament where the agentive value (passive predication) and the causal use of [phrase omitted] are misidentified with each other or with other functions such as separation, origin or intermediation. We will try to figure out, therefore, what is the significant scope of the preposition in each case, following the methodology of the Greek -Spanish Dictionary of the New Testament (DGENT), (Cordoba 2000-) of J. Mateos ([dagger])--J. Pelaez J. & GASCO, whose theoretical framework we will follow, as well as within the axis or conceptual continuum that encompasses the notions of cause, agent and intermediary. In short, this article shows how the application of the DGENT method of semantic analysis, representing new way of treating the lexemes, is a progress in the analysis and systematization of the semantic values of the [phrase omitted] preposition in the corpus of the Greek of the NT because it allows to accurately analyze the preposition in context, shedding light on some New Testament passages in which the meaning has long been discussed by researchers.

It has long been recognized that spinal meningiomas show particular clinical and histological features. Here, we compare the clinico-biological characteristics as well as the genetic abnormalities and patterns of gene expression of spinal and intracranial meningiomas. Fourteen spinal and 141 intracranial meningioma patients were analyzed at diagnosis. In all tumors, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) studies were performed for the detection of quantitative abnormalities for 11 different chromosomes. Additionally, microarray analyses were performed on a subgroup of 18 histologically benign meningiomas (7 spinal and 11 intracranial). Upon comparison with intracranial tumors, spinal meningiomas showed a marked predominance of psammomatous and transitional tumors (p = 0.001), together with a higher proportion of cases displaying a single tumor cell clone by iFISH (p = 0.004). In 86% of the spinal versus 56% of the intracranial tumors (p = 0.01), the ancestral tumor cell clone detected showed either absence of any chromosomal abnormality or monosomy 22/22qalone. Analysis of gene expression profiles showed differential expression between spinal and intracranial meningiomas for a total of 1555 genes, 35 of which allowed a clear distinction between both tumor types. Most of these 35 genes (n = 30) showed significantly higher expression among spinal tumors and corresponded to genes involved in signal transduction pathways, which did not show a significantly different expression according to tumor histopathology. In summary, we show the occurrence of unique patterns of genetic abnormalities and gene expression profiles in spinal as compared to intracranial meningiomas that provide new insights into the molecular pathways involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of spinal meningiomas, and could help explain their particular clinical and histological features.