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"Messner, Michael A"
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Forks in the road of men's gender politics : men's rights vs feminist allies
Historical gender formation - how shifting social conditions over the last 40 years have shaped men's responses to feminism - ‘men’s liberation’ movement - anti-feminist and pro-feminist factions - transformations during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s - emergent moderate men’s rights discourse - postfeminist sensibility - increasingly diverse base for men’s work to prevent violence against women.
Journal Article
The Masculinity of the Governator: Muscle and Compassion in American Politics
Arnold Schwarzenegger's celebrity status allowed him to project a symbolic masculine persona that was effective in gaining political power as California governor. The well-known violent tough-guy persona that Schwarzenegger developed in the mid-1980s contributed to a post—Vietnam era cultural remasculinization of the American man. But this narrow hypermasculinity was often caricatured in popular culture and delegitimized. In the 1990s and 2000s, Schwarzenegger forged a credible masculine imagery by introducing characters who were humorously self-mocking and focused on care and protection of children. Schwarzenegger's resultant hybrid masculinity, the \"Kindergarten Commando,\" represents an ascendant hegemonic masculinity always foregrounding muscle, toughness, and the threat of violence and following with situationally appropriate symbolic displays of compassion. The equation of toughness plus compassion composing the Kindergarten Commando is asymmetrical, with toughness eclipsing compassion; this has implications for the kinds of policies that U.S. elected leaders advocate. Republicans utilize this masculine imagery in national politics to gain voters' trust in times of fear and insecurity and continue to employ a strategy that projects a devalued feminized stigma onto more liberal candidates.
Journal Article
FROM FIZZLE TO SIZZLE!
This article draws upon data collected as part of a 25-year longitudinal analysis of televised coverage of women’s sports to provide a window into how sexism operates during a postfeminist sociohistorical moment. As the gender order has shifted to incorporate girls’ and women’s movement into the masculine realm of sports, coverage of women’s sports has shifted away from overtly denigrating coverage in 1989 to ostensibly respectful but lackluster coverage in 2014. To theorize this shift, we introduce the concept of “gender-bland sexism,” a contemporary gender framework that superficially extends the principles of merit to women in sports. Televised news and highlight shows frame women in uninspired ways, making women’s athletic accomplishments appear lackluster compared to those of men’s. Because this “bland” language normalizes a hierarchy between men’s and women’s sports while simultaneously avoiding charges of overt sexism, this article contributes to gender theory by illuminating how women can be marginalized in maledominated, male-controlled settings via individualized merit-based assessments of talent.
Journal Article
Breaking Up the Stag Party
This essay is part of a special section entitled “Legacies of Sociology’s Past. My work addresses the contributions of Jessie Bernard.
Journal Article
Gender Reckonings
Vivid narratives, fresh insights, and new theories on where gender theory and research stand today
Since scholars began interrogating the meaning of gender and sexuality in society, this field has become essential to the study of sociology. Gender Reckonings aims to map new directions for understanding gender and sexuality within a more pragmatic, dynamic, and socially relevant framework. It shows how gender relations must be understood on a large scale as well as in intimate detail.
The contributors return to the basics, questioning how gender patterns change, how we can realize gender equality, and how the structures of gender impact daily life. Gender Reckonings covers not only foundational concepts of gender relations and gender justice, but also explores postcolonial patterns of gender, intersectionality, gender fluidity, transgender practices, neoliberalism, and queer theory.
Gender Reckonings combines the insights of gender and sexuality scholars from different generations, fields, and world regions. The editors and contributors are leading social scientists from six continents, and the book gives vivid accounts of the changing politics of gender in different communities.
Rich in empirical detail and novel thinking, Gender Reckonings is a lasting resource for students, researchers, activists, policymakers, and everyone concerned with gender justice.
eBook
The Male Consumer as Loser: Beer and Liquor Ads in Mega Sports Media Events
Messner and Montez de Oca examine beer and liquor advertisements in two mega sports media events consumed by large numbers of boys and men--the 2002 and 2003 Super Bowls and the 2002 and 2003 Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues. They see these advertisements as establishing a pedagogy of youthful masculinity that does not passively teach male consumers about the qualities of their products so much as it encourages consumers to think of their products as essential to creating a stylish and desirable lifestyle.
Journal Article
SEPARATING THE MEN FROM THE MOMS: The Making of Adult Gender Segregation in Youth Sports
Based on a multiyear study, this article analyzes the reproduction of adult gender segregation in two youth-sports organizations in which most men volunteers become coaches and most women volunteers become \"team moms.\" We use interviews and participant observation to explore how these gender divisions are created. While most participants say the divisions result from individual choices, our interviews show how gendered language, essentialist beliefs, and analogies with gendered divisions of labor in families and workplaces naturalize this division of labor. Observation reveals how patterned, informal interactions reproduce (and occasionally challenge) it as well. We show how (mostly) nonreflexive informal interactions at the nexus of three gender regimes—youth sports, families, and workplaces—produce a gender formation with two interrelated characteristics: an ascendant professional class gender ideology that we call \"soft essentialism\" and a \"gender category sorting system\" that channels most men into coaching and most women into being \"team moms.\"
Journal Article
Out of Play
2008 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title
From beer ads in the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue to
four-year-old boys and girls playing soccer; from male athletes'
sexual violence against women to homophobia and racism in sport,
Out of Play analyzes connections between gender and sport from the
1980s to the present. The book illuminates a wide range of
contemporary issues in popular culture, children's sports, and
women's and men's college and professional sports. Each chapter is
preceded by a short introduction that lays out the context in which
the piece was written. Drawing on his own memories as a former
athlete, informal observations of his children's sports activities,
and more formal research such as life-history interviews with
athletes and content analyses of sports media, Michael A. Messner
presents a multifaceted picture of gender constructed through an
array of personalities, institutions, cultural symbols, and
everyday interactions.
eBook
Barbie Girls versus Sea Monsters: Children Constructing Gender
Recent research on children's worlds has revealed how gender varies in salience across social contexts. Building on this observation, the author examines a highly salient gendered moment of group life among four- and five-year-old children at a youth soccer opening ceremony, where gender boundaries were activated and enforced in ways that constructed an apparently \"natural\" categorical difference between the girls and the boys. The author employs a multilevel analytical framework to explore (1) how children \"do gender\" at the level of interaction or performance, (2) how the structured gender regime constrains and enables the actions of children and parents, and (3) how children's gendered immersion in popular culture provides symbolic resources with which children and parents actively create (or disrupt) categorical differences. The article ends with a discussion of how gendered interactions, structure, and cultural meanings are intertwined, in both mutually reinforcing and contradictory ways.
Journal Article