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"Metcalf, David"
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Levels of Automation for a Computer-Based Procedure for Simulated Nuclear Power Plant Operation: Impacts on Workload and Trust
Nuclear power plants increasingly utilize digitalized systems, including computer-based procedures (CBPs) and automation. These novel technologies require human factors’ evaluation to ensure safety. Potentially, automation contributes to safety by reducing workload, but automation may also induce a loss of situation awareness and trust miscalibration. The current study investigated workload during a simulated nuclear power plant (NPP) emergency operation procedure (EOP) executed using a CBP supported by automation. Two levels of automation (LOA) were compared within subjects: management-by-consent (lower LOA) and management-by-exception (higher LOA). Subjective workload and trust were assessed, together with objective psychophysiological and performance-based workload measures. LOA effects varied across the different workload measures. The hypothesis that workload would be reduced at the higher LOA was confirmed for a behavioral measure (secondary task response time). However, other metrics, including instantaneous self-assessment (ISA) and heart rate variability (HRV), showed increased workload at the higher LOA. Different LOAs may produce differing operator strategies that require multivariate workload assessment to evaluate. Effect sizes for the impact of LOA on workload were indexed by Cohen’s d. Several of these effect sizes were in the 0.4–0.6 range, indicating effects of medium magnitude. In addition, subjective workload data were compared with those from a previous study that simulated conventional NPP operations. As anticipated, workload tended to be lower with the automated procedure. The study suggests future directions for human factors research on plant modernization.
Journal Article
Blockchain enabled applications : understand the blockchain ecosystem and how to make it work for you
\"This book looks at the consequences of machine-to-machine transactions using the blockchain socially, technologically, economically and politically\"--Back cover.
Book
Inequalities in access to total hip arthroplasty for hip fracture: a population-based study
In June, 2011, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended that total hip arthoplasty (THA) should be offered to a defined group of patients with displaced intracapsular hip fractures. We sought to determine whether national practice was consistent with national recommendations, or whether systematic inequalities exist in accessing THA for hip fracture.
Data for this observational study came from the UK National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD), which records data from all hospitals that treat adults with hip fractures in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Included were all patients within the NHFD who were aged over 60 and received operative treatment for a non-pathological displaced intracapsular hip fracture between July 1, 2011, and April 30, 2015. Provision of THA to patients eligible under criteria published by NICE were analysed with recursive partitioning and logistic regression.
114 119 patients with hip fracture were included, of whom 11 683 (10%) underwent THA. Recursive partitioning showed that NICE eligibility criteria did not optimally explain THA. Among patients satisfying NICE criteria, logistic regression demonstrated that access to THA was restricted by higher age (odds ratio 0·88, 95% CI 0·87–0.88), lower Abbreviated Mental Test Score (1·44, 1·34–1·54), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (0·74, 0·66–0·84), male sex (0·85, 0·77–0·93), walking with a stick (0·32, 0·28–0·35), and quintiles of increasing socioeconomic deprivation (1·0 [referent]; lowest vs highest quintile 1·30, 1·13–1·51). Patients treated during the week were more likely to receive THA than those treated at the weekend (1·12, 1·04–1·21).
There are wide disparities in access to THA among individuals with hip fractures, and compliance with NICE guidance is poor. Patients with higher levels of socioeconomic deprivation and those requiring surgery at the weekend are less likely to receive THA. Inconsistent compliance with NICE recommendations means that the optimum treatment for older adults with hip fractures can depend on where and when they present to hospital.
National Institute for Health Research.
Journal Article
mLearning
Gain back hours of useful time each day by learning \"on the go\". The next time you're on the road, stuck in an airport or waiting in line, don't allow your valuable time to be wasted by circumstances you can't control. Turn on your PDA, smart phone or wireless connection and use those \"stolen moments\" to learn. Mobile learning-or mlearning-combines the technologies of mobile communications with any electronically delivered material. This exciting new book speaks to users at the grassroots level who want to capitalize on the latest mLearning trends to learn on the go, save time and improve productivity. How is mLearning being utilized in the corporate world? What instructional design principles work and don't work? What lies. ahead for ebooks, handtop computing, wearable computers, iPods?. You'll get the answers to all your questions in 10 chapters that detail how to seamlessly integrate learning into your lifestyle and workstyle. Topics include: An overview of PDA technologies, smart phones and wireless connections; Case studies of how others are using mLearning to improve sales, service, personnel management and operations; Instructional design principles for wireless development; When to use multimedia and what tools are available; How to integrate mLearning with core wireless functions such as Customer Relationship Management software; How mobile professionals can use and benefit from synchronization and voice-based mobile functions.
eBook
Blockchain, Interoperability, and Self-Sovereign Identity: Trust Me, It’s My Data
No abstract available.
Journal Article
Early detection of emerging infectious diseases - implications for vaccine development
•Machine learning and artificial intelligence can harness copious open-source data.•This can be utilised to generate valid early warning signals of emerging epidemics.•Signals can trigger earlier outbreak investigation, control and vaccine development.•AI and ML will likely enhance rather than replace traditional surveillance.•We describe the EPIWATCH system as an example of an open-source intelligence system.
Vast quantities of open-source data from news reports, social media and other sources can be harnessed using artificial intelligence and machine learning, and utilised to generate valid early warning signals of emerging epidemics. Early warning signals from open-source data are not a replacement for traditional, validated disease surveillance, but provide a trigger for earlier investigation and diagnostics. This may yield earlier pathogen characterisation and genomic data, which can enable earlier vaccine development or deployment of vaccines. Early warning also provides a more feasible prospect of stamping out epidemics before they spread. There are several of such systems currently, but they are not used widely in public health practice, and only some are publicly available. Routine and widespread use of open-source intelligence, as well as training and capacity building in digital surveillance, will improve pandemic preparedness and early response capability.
Journal Article
The Current Perspectives, Theories and Practices of Mobile Learning
Mobile learning (m-learning) is a highly popular multidisciplinary study field around the world. It has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers in different disciplines who have realized the potential to apply mobile technologies to enchance learning. Thus, mobile learning has been defined differently by different people. This study is a review of m-learning literature for understanding and discussion of current perspectives and theories in mobile learning. Additionally, some m-learning practices that are implemented in different sectors such as corporate, university and military have been mentioned.
Journal Article
The impact of the national minimum wage on the pay distribution, employment and training
Britain's first ever national minimum wage (NMW) came into force in April 1999 covering some 5% of workers. Between 1999 and 2002 the NMW rose in line with the growth in average earnings. But for 2003-6 the NMW will be ratcheted up relative to median pay. The evidence shows that between 1998 and 2002 the bottom decile of the pay distribution experienced above average pay rises with no spillover effects further up the distribution. There was no overall employment effect but a small negative impact in the care home sector. The NMW boosts the probability and intensity of training.
Journal Article
Forensic microbiology
Forensic Microbiology focuses on newly emerging areas of microbiology relevant to medicolegal and criminal investigations: postmortem changes, establishing cause of death, estimating postmortem interval, and trace evidence analysis. Recent developments in sequencing technology allow researchers, and potentially practitioners, to examine microbial communities at unprecedented resolution and in multidisciplinary contexts. This detailed study of microbes facilitates the development of new forensic tools that use the structure and function of microbial communities as physical evidence. Chapters cover: - Experiment design - Data analysis - Sample preservation - The influence of microbes on results from autopsy, toxicology, and histology - Decomposition ecology - Trace evidence This diverse, rapidly evolving field of study has the potential to provide high quality microbial evidence which can be replicated across laboratories, providing spatial and temporal evidence which could be crucial in a broad range of investigative contexts. This book is intended as a resource for students, microbiologists, investigators, pathologists, and other forensic science professionals.
eBook