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"Meynard, Thierry"
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Missionary Writings during the Canton Exile (1666–1671): Crisis in the Manchu-Christian Relationship
During their Canton exile (1666–1671), European missionaries wrote an impressive number of reports and letters which have not been systematically studied until now. After presenting a detailed analysis of the institutional background of the 25 missionaries who arrived in Canton, we analyze the first internal reports about the Calendar Case. Then, we discuss three important Jesuit works by Gabiani, Grelon and Rougemont, who attributed the crisis to the opposition of the Manchus to Christianity. The distrust of the Canton Jesuits towards the Manchus throws a new light into the approach of Christianity towards politics and religion in China.
Journal Article
From Material Discontinuity to Continuity Between Heavens and Earth: Overturning European Jesuit Teachings in the Huan You Quan (1628)
Following Aristotle, St.Thomas Aquinas considered sublunar matter and supralunar matter to be substantially different, composed of two distinct species.The Coimbra Jesuit commentary on De coelo, published in 1593, supported the Aristotelian position, a position upheld by Jesuit philosophers and astronomers even into the midseventeenth century.However, the latest astronomical discoveries suggested otherwise, suggesting that supralunar matter is also subject to change and therefore belongs to the same species as sublunar matter, forming a material continuum.In a sharp contrast to this conservative Jesuit position in Europe, the Portuguese Jesuit Francisco Furtado and the Christian literatus Li Zhizao in the Huan you quan (1628) argued for the uniformity of matter across the sublunar and supralunar spheres.The paper investigates the argumentation of the Huan you quan and advances three reasons for this significant shift.
Journal Article
The Jesuit Longobardo’s Interpretation of the Neo-Confucian Concepts of li and qi
This article addresses the most important translation issue in the first philosophic and religious dialogue between Europe and China: is there a Chinese equivalent for the Christian concept of God? We approach the question from the perspective of comparative philosophy. We start by examining the historical and theoretical context in which the Jesuit Niccolò Longobardo developed his disagreement with Matteo Ricci regarding the question as to whether the Confucianism is an atheism. We then analyse the interpretation that equates li and qi, respectively, with the Aristotelian notions of accident and prime matter. After showing how Longobardo reduces neo-Confucianism to Presocratic atheism in an Aristotelian manner, we propose an alternative perspective that can reconcile Christianism and neo-Confucianism with regard to the concept of first cause.
Journal Article
Step-Down Partial Power DC-DC Converters for Two-Stage Photovoltaic String Inverters
Photovoltaic (PV) systems composed by two energy conversion stages are attractive from an operation point of view. This is because the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) range is extended, due to the voltage decoupling between the PV system and the dc-link. Nevertheless, the additional dc-dc conversion stage increases the volume, cost and power converter losses. Therefore, central inverters based on a single-stage converter, have been a mainstream solution to interface large-scale PV arrays composed of several strings connected in parallel made by the series connections of PV modules. The concept of partial power converters (PPC), previously reported as a voltage step-up stage, has not addressed in depth for all types of PV applications. In this work, a PPC performing voltage step-down operation is proposed and analyzed. This concept is interesting from the industry point of view, since with the new isolation standards of PV modules are reaching 1500 V, increasing both the size of the string and dc-link voltage for single-stage inverters. Since grid connection remains typically at 690 V, larger strings impose more demanding operation for single-stage central inverters (required to operate at lower modulation indexes and demand higher blocking voltage devices), making the proposed step-down PPC an attractive solution. Theoretical analysis and an experimental test-bench was built in order to validate the PPC concept, the control performance and the improvement of the conversion efficiency. The experimental results corroborate the benefits of using a PPC, in terms of increasing the system efficiency by reducing the processed power of the converter, while not affecting the system performance.
Journal Article
A Brief Introduction to the Study of Human Nature
Called the \"Confucius from the West\", the Italian Jesuit Giulio Aleni presented in the final years of the Ming dynasty the biological and sensitive dimensions of the human soul under the form of a fascinating dialogue.
eBook
Analysis and design of multicell DC/DC converters using vectorized models
Shows how the concepts of vectorization and design masks can be used to help the designer in comparing different designs and making the right choices. The book addresses series and parallel multicell conversion directly, and the concepts can be generalized to describe other topologies.
eBook
Five-Level T-type Cascade Converter for Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Multilevel converters are widely considered to be the most suitable configurations for renewable energy sources. Their high-power quality, efficiency and performance make them interesting for PV applications. In low-power applications such as rooftop grid-connected PV systems, power converters with high efficiency and reliability are required. For this reason, multilevel converters based on parallel and cascaded configurations have been proposed and commercialized in the industry. Motivated by the features of multilevel converters based on cascaded configurations, this work presents the modulation and control of a rooftop single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic multilevel system. The configuration has a symmetrical cascade connection of two three-level T-type neutral point clamped power legs, which creates a five-level converter with two independent string connections. The proposed topology merges the benefits of multi-string PV and symmetrical cascade multilevel inverters. The switching operation principle, modulation technique and control scheme under an unbalanced power operation among the cell are addressed. Simulation and experimental validation results in a reduced-scale power single-phase converter prototype under variable conditions at different set points for both PV strings are presented. Finally, a comparative numerical analysis between other T-type configurations to highlight the advantages of the studied configuration is included.
Journal Article
The Religious Philosophy of Liang Shuming
Liang Shuming, considered to be the Last Confucian, was a Buddhist. He reshaped the Western concept of religion from the standpoint of Buddhism, and yet advocated Confucianism as the ethical religion that would lead ultimately to the Buddhist liberation.
eBook
