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To evaluate the repeatability of Corvis ST corneal biomechanical, tonometry and pachymetry measurements, and agreement of pachymetry measures with the Pentacam HR and RTVue OCT. Three consecutive measurements of the right eye of 238 myopic subjects were acquired with the Corvis ST, Pentacam HR, and RTVue OCT. Repeatability of Corvis ST was evaluated by within-subject standard deviation [S w ] and repeatability limit [ r ]. The agreement of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements were compared among the three instruments using the Bland–Altman limits of agreement. Comparisons were further stratified by CCT (Cornea thin  ≤ 500 µm; Cornea normal  = 500–550 µm; Cornea thick  > 550 µm). S w was below 1 mmHg in Cornea thin , Cornea normal , and Cornea thick groups for IOP and bIOP. S w for SP-A1 were 4.880, 6.128, 7.719 mmHg/mm respectively. S w for CBI were 0.228, 0.157, 0.076, and correspondingly S w for TBI and SSI were 0.094 and 0.056, 0.079 and 0.053, 0.070 and 0.053. The Bland–Altman plots for CCT implied poor agreement with mean differences of 29.49 µm between Corvis and OCT, 9.33 µm between Pentacam and OCT, and 20.16 µm between Corvis and Pentacam. The Corvis ST showed good repeatability with the exception of CBI in the various CCT groups. The CCT measured by Corvis ST was not interchangeable with Pentacam HR and RTVue OCT.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between myopia severity and the stress–strain index (SSI), measured with the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) device. The subjects were divided into two groups, based on both the axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER): 22–26.00 AL group (22 mm < AL < 26.00 mm) associated with SER of less than − 6.00D, and ≥ 26.00 AL group (AL ≥ 26.00 mm) associated with SER over − 6.00D. The differences in the Corvis ST-derived dynamic corneal response parameters and stiffness parameters between the two groups were investigated. The correlation between SSI and AL, SER, age, ratio of AL to radius of corneal curvature (CR) (AL/CR), and axial length minus anterior chamber depth (ACD) (AL-ACD) were analyzed. The SSI (0.95 ± 0.13 in the 22–26.00 AL group and 0.86 ± 0.15 in the ≥ 26.00 AL group) were significantly different between the two groups ( P  < 0.01). In the ≥ 26.00 AL group, there was evidence of a weak negative correlation between SSI and AL (r = − 0.265, P  < 0.01), AL/CR (r = − 0.376, P  < 0.01), and AL-ACD (r = − 0.224, P  < 0.01); and a weak positive correlation between SSI and SER (r = 0.251, P  < 0.01). However, in the 22–26.00 AL group, there was no correlation between SSI and AL, AL-ACD, AL/CR or SER ( P  > 0.05). SSI was significantly correlated with AL, which is the major determinant of SER, in the ≥ 26.00 AL group. This correlation was not affected with CR and ACD, as both AL/CR and AL-ACD also correlated with SSI at the same degree.

Accuracy of planned corneal stromal thickness (CST) reduction is essential to the safety of laser vision correction. This study was to compare the accuracy of the planned central CST reduction in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). A total of 77 patients (43 for SMILE, 34 for FS-LASIK using Custom-Q algorithm) were included in this retrospective study. At postoperative 6–18 months, the central CST reduction was overestimated by 18.49 ± 6.42 μm in the SMILE group (P < 0.001) and underestimated by 2.56 ± 7.79 μm in the FS-LASIK group (P = 0.064). The planned-achieved difference (PAD) of central CST reduction was positively correlated with preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and with planned central CST reduction in both groups. When calculated by manifest refraction (MR) without nomogram adjustment, the central CST reduction was overestimated by 11.14 ± 6.53 μm in the SMILE group and underestimated by 2.83 ± 7.39 μm in the FS-LASIK group. The PAD of central CST reduction without nomogram was significantly narrowed in SMILE and maintained in FS-LASIK, suggesting estimation using MR without nomogram adjustment may be feasible for SMILE and FS-LASIK in clinical practice.

To assess the refractive outcomes, visual quality, and patient satisfaction after ray-tracing-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for the correction of moderate-to-high myopia and myopic astigmatism. In this consecutive case series retrospective study, 51 patients (101 eyes) with moderate-to-high myopia and myopic astigmatism underwent ray-tracing-guided FS-LASIK. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, objective and subjective visual quality, patient satisfaction were assessed over 3 months. For objective visual quality, InnovEyes Sightmap was used to measure the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) over 5-mm optical zone, and Optical Quality Analysis System II was used to evaluate the modulation transfer function cut off (MTF ) frequency, Strehl ratio (SR), and ocular scattering index (OSI). Subjective visual quality was evaluated utilizing the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life (NEI-RQL) questionnaire. Regarding visual and refractive outcomes, at 3 months, uncorrected distance visual acuity reached ≥ 20/20 in all eyes, ≥20/16 in 69% of eyes, and ≥20/12.5 in 18% of eyes. Best-corrected distance visual acuity was better in 61% of eyes. All eyes achieved manifest refractive spherical equivalent within ± 1.00 D and 86% of eyes achieved cylinder within ± 0.25 D. As for objective visual quality, total HOA increased significantly ( < 0.001), whereas spherical aberration showed no significant change ( = 0.225); no changes were found in MTF , SR, and OSI (all > 0.05). In terms of subjective visual quality, 100% of patients reported clear distance vision, and 96.10% had no near-reading difficulty. Investigation of patient satisfaction showed that 98.04% of patients were satisfied with the surgery, 98.04% would recommend it to others. Ray-tracing-guided FS-LASIK may be an effective, safe and predictable procedure for moderate-to-high myopia and myopic astigmatism. It yielded favorable refractive outcomes, maintained objective visual quality, and achieved high patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of ray-tracing–guided femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in the patients with a difference of greater than 0.50 diopters (D) between subjective and wavefront refractions at the corneal plane. Methods: This retrospective study included 80 eyes (45 patients). The wavefront refraction was measured by InnovEyes sightmap (Alcon Laboratories, Inc). All patients underwent ray-tracing–guided FS-LASIK with the customized ablation profile following ray-tracing calculation adjusted by Mi optimized strategies. Visual acuity and refractive error were evaluated over 3 months, postoperatively. Results: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SEQ), subjective sphere diopter, and cylinder diopter of the included eyes were −6.82 ± 1.64, −6.15 ± 1.81, and −1.34 ± 1.01 D, respectively. At the 3-month postoperative follow-up visit, 98% of eyes achieved the uncorrected visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20 and the mean UDVA was −0.08 ± 0.05 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. None of the treated eyes had a worse corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). The R2 value was 0.972 in the linear regression analysis of SEQ. The SEQ of 99% of eyes was within 1.00 D. The postoperative astigmatism in 88% of eyes was within 0.25 D. The mean difference vector was 0.04 D@81°. The arithmetic and geometric means of correction index were 1.08 and 1.05, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ray-tracing–guided FS-LASIK offers superior outcomes in myopia correction. It highlighted that the surgery was also effective, safe, and predictable for the eyes with a difference of greater than 0.50 D between subjective and wavefront refractions, suggesting that more patients can benefit from this customized surgery.

Purpose To evaluate the differences between the planned and achieved central corneal thickness (CT) reduction after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods This retrospective study included 426 eyes (426 patients) treated with SMILE. The central CT and corneal epithelial thickness (CET) were measured using the RTVue XR 100 optical coherence tomography device preoperatively and more than 6 months postoperatively. The central corneal stromal thickness (CST) was obtained by central (CT – CET). The planned and achieved thickness reductions were compared and the difference was defined as the planned–achieved difference (PAD). Results The achieved central CT reduction was 75.80 ± 16.24 µm, which was smaller than the planned (100.20 ± 20.46 µm, P < 0.001). Similarly, the central CST reduction, which excluded the influence of corneal epithelial proliferation, was overestimated by 19.91 ± 6.53 µm. Furthermore, the PAD of central CST reduction showed a positive correlation with preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and with planned central CST reduction (R2 = 0.906, P < .001). However, the PAD of central CST reduction did not influence postoperative visual acuity. When removing the nomogram adjustment, the overall overestimation of central CST reduction was narrowed to 12.09 ± 8.09 µm. Conclusions Over 6 months postoperatively, the achieved central CT reduction after SMILE was less than the planned reduction. The difference was due to the overestimation of CST reduction, rather than corneal epithelial proliferation. Moreover, there was a greater disparity between the planned and achieved central CST reduction with higher MRSE, attesting to the safety of SMILE for patients with relatively high MRSE. [J Refract Surg. 2025;41(5):e501–e509.]

Suction loss is a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery complication which may compromise postoperative visual quality. Most instances of intraoperative suction loss can be promptly remedied; however, the reports of two consecutive suction losses leading to an incomplete procedure are limited. In the present case report a 24-year-old man underwent SMILE at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (Yinchuan, China); the surgery was successfully completed in the right eye, nevertheless, the left eye experienced two consecutive suction losses, resulting in incomplete treatment. At 1.5 months post operation, the patient presented to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xi'an, China) where the treating physicians were unaware of the exact details of the first procedure. At that time, the uncorrected distance visual acuity in the left eye was 20/400, and the corrected distance visual acuity was 20/16. Subsequently, the patient received femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery for the left eye. At the 1-month postoperative visit, the uncorrected distance visual acuity had improved to 20/13. The present case demonstrates that suction loss carries a certain probability (0.17-5.06%) during SMILE, with two consecutive intraoperative suction losses being even more uncommon; however, with remedial measures, favorable postoperative visual outcomes can be secured.

Methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskite has attracted broad interest for solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and so forth. Experiments have captured that the alternative coexistence of polar and nonpolar domains in MAPbI3 can be switched by photons and phonons. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the interplay among the crystal space group, polarity, ferroic properties, and switching mechanisms for MAPbI3. Herein, we perform a statistical synthesis on ferroelectric and anti‐ferroelectric features for tetragonal MAPbI3 perovskite. The polar and nonpolar domains are ferroelectric with the I4cm space group and anti‐ferroelectric with the I4/mcm space group, respectively. The domain wall (DW) separating nonpolar and polar regions is charged. Combining the effects of the electric properties of ferroic domains and the charged DWs, novel switching mechanisms are proposed in which photons and phonons drive alternations between ferroelectric and anti‐ferroelectric domains, which provide a reasonable approach to clarify the ambiguous understanding of ferroic behavior for MAPbI3 perovskite. This review establishes the inherent relation among space group, polarity, ferroic properties, and switching mechanisms in tetragonal MAPbI3 perovskite. More important from this review is that, ferroic domain wall engineering including electric potential, organic orientation, and so forth, would be an efficient way to tune photoelectric and thermomechanical performances of MAPbI3 perovskite.

Oral cancer is a common cancer of the head and neck. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents almost 90% of the total cases of head and neck cancer. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) is a deubiquitinating hydrolase, and it is highly expressed in various types of cancer, which also typically have a poor prognosis. Aurora-B and Survivin, which belong to the chromosomal passenger complex, are also highly expressed in a number of types of cancer. In the present study, USP22 expression and its associations with Aurora-B and Survivin, and the clinicopathological features in OSCC were explored. USP22 is highly expressed in OSCC. Overexpression of USP22 is associated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade (P<0.01). Additionally, the expression of USP22 was positively associated with Aurora-B (P<0.01), Survivin (P<0.01), and Ki-67 (P<0.01). Furthermore, USP22 small interfering RNA inhibited cell growth and reduced the expression levels of Aurora-B, Survivin and Cyclin B, together with the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). These data suggest that USP22, Aurora-B and Survivin promote the OSCC development and may represent novel targets for OSCC diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Survivin is a bifunctional protein that suppresses apoptosis and regulates cell division, and is highly expressed in various cancer types. Mucins are high-molecular-weight, heavily glycosylated proteins. In the present study, the association between survivin, mucin 2 (MUC2) and MUC5 expression, and the clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated. The immunohistochemistry and western blotting results demonstrated that survivin was highly expressed in CRC tissues and rarely expressed in normal colon tissues. Moreover, the overexpression of survivin and MUC5 was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis, poor cellular differentiation, advanced tumor stage and a poor prognosis in CRC. By contrast, low expression of MUC2 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, poor cellular differentiation and an advanced tumor stage in CRC. The results of the present study suggest that survivin, MUC2 and MUC5 levels may be associated with tumor progression and could be used to aid the early diagnosis and clinical characterization of CRC.