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OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to characterize workplace toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposures using standardized industrial hygiene exposure assessment procedures for use in a prospective epidemiologic study of occupational asthma. METHODS:Over 2300 representative routine full shift time-weighted average (TWA) and short-term high potential exposure tasks (HPETs) air samples in groups across three TDI plants were collected over a nearly 7-year period. RESULTS:Data-derived similar exposure groups (SuperSEGs) were developed across the plants based on TWA sampling using cluster analysis. Individual cumulative exposure estimates were developed on the basis of the SuperSEGs. CONCLUSION:Workplace TWA exposures to TDI were adequately characterized quantitatively, but HPET exposures were adequately characterized only by qualitative measures. The mean TWA exposure was 0.65 parts per billion for 1594 routine samples. These TWA and HPET exposures can be used to support exposure–response analyses.

After a highly successful career in investment banking with his own firm and a seat on the New York Stock Exchange, J. William Middendorf became restive and looked for new challenges. Having \"learned how to make money,\" he writes in this memoir, he \"wanted to learn how to make a difference.\" Thus he became actively involved in politics, first at the local level in Connecticut and then with the presidential campaign of Senator Barry Goldwater in 1964 and as treasurer of the Republican National Committee. There followed a series of challenging public service appointments: ambassador to the Netherlands, Under Secretary and later Secretary of the Navy, ambassador to the Organization of American States, and ambassador to the European Community. Middendorf is a first-rate storyteller and has many tales to share--from his World War II Navy service, to his first job wearing a string of pearls in a bank vault, to a failed effort to bring a U.S.-style constitution to post-Soviet Russia. He recounts tales of villains and heroes, of narrow legislative victories on vital programs, of efforts to forestall war in the Falklands and to counter growing Communist control of the island of Grenada, as well as how the Navy won narrow but vital victories on such important programs as the Aegis missile system and the Trident submarine. Writing with the authority of someone who held a number of key government positions, his lively and revealing memoir is filled with many behind-the-scenes stories of critical events of the Cold War.

The paper proposes a novel framework for automatically detecting wind turbines in orthophotos, transferring this information to a database, and linking detected turbines to an existing registry to minimize location inaccuracy. This inaccuracy has a significant impact on planning and identifying new potential locations for wind turbines, as existing turbines must be considered in these processes. The existing public data frequently exhibit discrepancies from the actual location, and existing work also exhibits relatively large discrepancies from the actual location, even though the exact location of a wind turbine is so important for these processes. Moreover, existing work has not produced a new or improved database that could be used in the long term for processes in the wind energy sector. The development of the AutoWindLoc framework creates a fully automated data basis from which locations and possible further information can be retrieved. The recognition process utilizes a two-stage approach, incorporating a You Only Look Once model with negative sampling and a binary classification Convolutional Neural Network, which attains an average deviation of 0.85m from the actual location.

Once the fundamental misunderstandings that lurk beneath the surface of so many classroom disasters are submitted to systematic analysis through the scholarship of teaching and learning, such problems can serve as a starting point for studies that not only explore what must be explicitly taught to increase learning in history courses, but also what the faculty perception of bottlenecks to learning tells us about the students themselves.2 The History Learning Project (HLP) is leading the history department at Indiana University through an analysis of such obstacles to learning, and in the process we are learning much about the students who inhabit our classrooms. Using the \"decoding the disciplines\" process, developed in Indiana University's Freshman Learning Project (FLP), we are working to make explicit the basic operations students must master to succeed in history courses.3 In the summer of 2006 the four authors (three historians and an educational developer) conducted and videotaped seventeen ninety-minute interviews with faculty in the history department, in which they defined botdenecks, places where significant numbers of students are unable to grasp basic concepts or successfully complete important tasks.

Chicken embryos were exposed to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher during the final 3 days of incubation. Measured formaldehyde levels approached 130 ppm. Tracheas collected at hatch and 5 days post-hatch were evaluated for functional and morphologic changes. Tracheal cilia motility was reduced in formaldehyde-exposed chicks. Scanning electron microscopy revealed blunted cilia and blebs occurring in the cilia surfaces. At 5 days of age, excessive tracheal mucus was present. Sloughing of the tracheal epithelium was visible by light microscopy

The assumption of the life-span model (Suls & Mullen 1982)-that age affects the way people make comparisons-was tested. Three groups of participants in England-young adults (18-39 years old; n = 83), middle-aged adults (40-64 years old; n = 52), and older adults (65-87 years old; n = 50) completed a questionnaire that assessed preference for temporal comparison or social comparison. Although the present results support the general assumption of the life-span model, they suggest that preferences for comparison processes develop in accordance with another pattern. Consistent with the life-span model, the present results indicate that temporal comparison is more important for young and middle-aged adults than researchers have assumed.

There are 3 commonly used occupational exposure limits for respirable (quartz) silica: 1. the America Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.1 mg/cubic m, 2. the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.05 mg/cubic m, and 3. the US Department of Labor/Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USDOL/OSHA) permissible exposure level (PEL) for silica that uses a formula where 10 mg/cubic m is divided by the sum of the percent SiO2 and 2. A comparison of the 3 exposure limits is presented. It should not be assumed that meeting the TLV or REL for silica assures compliance with the PEL for silica. Further, the change proposed in the 1989 Air Contaminants USDOL/OSHA rulemaking would increase the allowable silica exposure level in the workplace.