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The growing interest in the study of sedentary behavior is justified by its increasing presence in people's daily lives, particularly in leisure time. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior derived exclusively from TV time and from its combination with the time spent using other electronic devices among Brazilian adults ( n  = 52,443). This cross-sectional study used data from the Vigitel survey (2019), which included subjects ≥ 18 years old who resided in the capitals of the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. High TV time (≥ 4 h/day), and its combination with computer, tablet, or cell phone use (≥ 4 h/day), as well as sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics were self-reported. Adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The prevalence of high sedentary behavior almost tripled when TV viewing was added to the time spent using other electronic devices (from 12.2%; 95%CI: 11.6; 12.8, to 34.7%; 95%CI: 33.8; 35.6), notably among the youngest (32.0 percentage points). Individuals living without a partner, who smoked, consumed alcohol and processed foods excessively, were physically inactive, and had hypertension were more likely to have both outcomes than their counterparts. Older and less educated individuals were more likely to spend excessive time watching TV and less likely to have high use of other electronic devices in addition to TV viewing than their peers. Including computer, tablet, or cell phone led to an increase in the prevalence of high sedentary behavior. The magnitude and direction of the associations of age and education with high sedentary behavior varied according to the method how high sedentary behavior was defined. Projects, programs, and policies must consider the different indicators of sedentary behavior in monitoring and promoting a healthier lifestyle.

Studies on the impact of counterfactual scenarios of physical activity on premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are sparse in the literature. We estimated preventable premature deaths from NCDs (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and breast and colon cancers) in Brazil by increasing population-wide physical activity (i) to theoretical minimum risk exposure levels; (ii) reaching the physical activity recommendation; (iii) reducing insufficient physical activity by 10%; and (iv) eliminating the gender differences in physical activity. Preventable fractions were estimated using data from a nationally representative survey, relative risks from a meta-analysis and number of premature deaths (30-69 years) from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Physical activity could potentially avoid up to 16 700 premature deaths from NCDs in Brazil, corresponding to 5.75 and 3.23% of premature deaths from major NCDs and of all-causes, respectively. Other scenarios suggested the following impact on premature deaths: reaching physical activity recommendation (5000 or 1.74% of major NCDs); 10% reduction in insufficient physical activity (500 or 0.17% of major NCDs); eliminating gender differences in physical activity (1000 or 0.33% of major NCDs). Physical activity may play an important role to reduce premature deaths from NCD in Brazil.

Counseling by health professionals has promising results in behavior change and is recommended as part of integrated community interventions. However, the knowledge about sedentary behavior (SB) counseling is incipient. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and explore the associated factors with SB counseling received from healthcare professionals by adults in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 that included a representative sample of 779 users in all 15 basic health units (BHU) in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. We identified those who reported having received SB counseling during a consultation. The association between the sociodemographic factors, chronic diseases, access to health services, physical activity, SB, and counseling were analyzed using Poisson regression in a hierarchical model. The prevalence of counseling was 12.2% (95% CI: 10.1–14.7%); it was higher in women (PR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10–2.83), those aged ≥60 yrs (PR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.14–2.98), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (PR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.31–5.17), who consume ≥3 medications (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.06–4.59), and those who spend a prolonged period of the day engaged in SB (4th quartile PR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.88–6.31). The results highlight that SB counseling is underutilized and incipient in PHC. Understanding these results can help managers and healthcare professionals in BHU teams to implement and direct specific actions to reduce SB in adults through counseling.

Background and objective People with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) report fluctuating foot symptoms. This study used ecological momentary assessment to: (1) compare foot symptoms between days, time points and periods with/without preceding physical activity or pain medication; and (2) determine relationships between symptoms and endogenous pain modulation. Methods Ten low-active Australian adults with probable DPN underwent temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) then completed mobile phone surveys five times daily for seven days, where they recorded the intensity of six foot symptoms and whether they performed physical activity or consumed pain medication in the preceding three hours. Results All foot symptoms except numbness were greater in periods following physical activity, whereas periods following pain medication showed greater shooting pain. TSP showed very large correlations with sensitivity to touch, burning pain, shooting pain and prickling/tingling. Discussion General practitioners should be aware that physical activity might exacerbate symptoms of DPN when encouraging their patients to be active.

Background Women’s physical activity varies across the adult lifespan. However, changes in physical activity among mid-aged women are not well understood. We analysed 21 years of data from women born in 1946–51 to identify: (1) trajectories of physical activity in the transition from mid- to old-age and (2) determinants of different physical activity trajectories. Methods Data were from the 1946–51 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health ( N  = 10,371). Surveys were mailed at three-year intervals from 1998 (age 47–52) to 2019 (age 68–73) to collect data on physical activity, sociodemographic factors (country of birth, area of residence, educational attainment, marital status, income management, paid work hours, living with children age < 18, providing care), health indicators (menopause status, BMI, physical and mental health, chronic conditions), and health behaviours (smoking, alcohol status). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify trajectories of physical activity. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the determinants of physical activity trajectories. Results Five trajectories were identified: Low-stable (13.3% of participants), Moderate-stable (50.4%), Moderate-increasing (22.2%), High-declining (7.7%), and High-stable (6.6%). Sociodemographic characteristics (area of residence, education, income management, living with children, and providing care) were determinants of physical activity trajectories, but the strongest factors were BMI, physical and mental health. Women who were overweight/obese and had poor physical and mental health were less likely to be in the High-stable group than in any other group. Changes in these variables (increasing BMI, and declining physical and mental health) and in marital status (getting married) were positively associated with being in trajectories other than the High-stable group. Conclusions Although most women maintained physical activity at or above current guidelines, very low physical activity levels in the Low-stable group, and declining levels in the High-declining group are concerning. The data suggest that physical activity promotion strategies could be targeted to these groups, which are characterised by socioeconomic disadvantage, high (and increasing) BMI, and poor (and worsening) physical and mental health. Removing barriers to physical activity in these women, and increasing opportunities for activity, may reduce chronic disease risk in older age.

Abstract This article aims to describe the reasons for sport participation in the Brazilian adult population according to gender, age and schooling level. This is a cross-sectional study with data from a National Household Sample Survey - 2015. The reasons to practice or not practice sports in the previous year were obtained by questionnaire with predetermined answer options. All analyses were performed in Stata 12.1 and stratified by gender. The prevalence of sports participation for men and women were 31.7% and 16.9%, respectively. The most frequent reasons for sports participation among men were: having fun, quality of life and performance. Among women, the most frequent reasons were: quality of life, performance and medical recommendation. Regarding reasons for not practicing sports, the most reported ones were: lack of time (38.8% for men and 37.8% for women), not enjoying (34.8% for men and 35.3% for women) and health problem (20.3% for men and 17.9% for women). The study findings showed the most frequent reasons for sport participation in Brazil. Understanding these reasons and how they affect different age ranges and educational levels may contribute to improve strategic planning to promote sports in middle-income countries. Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os motivos para participação esportiva da população adulta brasileira de acordo com sexo, idade e escolaridade. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios - 2015. Os motivos para praticar ou não esportes no ano anterior foram obtidos por questionário com respostas pré-determinadas. Todas as análises foram realizadas no software Stata 12.1 e estratificadas por gênero. As prevalências de participação em esportes para homens e mulheres foram 31,7% e 16,9%, respectivamente. Entre os homens, os motivos mais frequentes para participação em esportes foram: diversão, qualidade de vida e desempenho. Entre as mulheres, os motivos mais frequentes foram: qualidade de vida, desempenho e indicação médica. Quanto aos motivos para não praticar esportes, os mais relatados foram: falta de tempo (38,8% para os homens e 37,8% para as mulheres), não gostar (34,8% para os homens e 35,3% para as mulheres) e problemas de saúde (20,3% para os homens e 17,9% para as mulheres). O estudo mostrou os motivos mais frequentes para a prática esportiva no Brasil. Compreender esses motivos e como eles são influenciados pela idade e por nível de educação pode contribuir para melhorar estratégias para promover o esporte em países de renda média.

Background Compliance with 24-hour movement behaviours (24-h MB) guidelines, which encompass moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time (ST), and sleep, is associated with various health and developmental outcomes in children and adolescents. Despite growing research interest, a comprehensive synthesis of global research focusing on school-aged youth (5–17 years) is lacking. This systematic review mapped global research on 24-h MB guidelines in youth aged 5–17 years, charted publication trends, geographical spread, and summarised reported outcomes to inform research priorities. Methods A systematic search (June 2016-July 2024) across six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycInfo, Embase) identified 32,832 articles. Overall, 148 articles from 32 countries met inclusion criteria. Extracted data covered publication details, movement behaviours measures, article focus, and headline conclusion. ‘Compliance’ was defined as simultaneous adherence to all 24-h MB guidelines. Guided by the Behavioural Epidemiology Framework, articles were classified as prevalence, health and well-being, correlates, academic performance, intervention focused. Article quality was assessed with National Institute of Health tools. Results Global research on 24-h MB guidelines has grown rapidly since 2016 but remains methodologically modest, with 68% articles ( n  = 132) originated on six high- or upper-middle-income countries. Most articles were cross-sectional ( n  = 128, 87%) and investigated prevalence ( n  = 141, 95%) or health and well-being ( n  = 79, 53%), followed by correlates ( n  = 40, 27%), academic performance ( n  = 8, 5%), and interventions ( n  = 3, 2%). Only 3% of observational and no intervention articles were rated high quality. Globally, compliance rates with 24-h MB guidelines were low (0–53.6%), with 87% ( n  = 122) articles reporting below 10%. Compliance with 24-h MB guidelines was associated with lower likelihood of obesity, mental health and cardiometabolic problems, and higher physical fitness, academic performance, and cognitive function. Correlates of 24-h MB guidelines compliance included age, gender, weight status, socioeconomic status, environmental pollution, parental support, and in-person schooling. Interventions promoting 24-h MB guidelines showed promising outcomes. Conclusions Current research on 24-h MB guidelines is geographically skewed, with only 7% of articles on low- and middle-income countries data. Most evidence was cross-sectional, and no article achieved high methodological quality Future research should focus on under-represented regions, use longitudinal and experimental designs, and assess key outcomes such as academic performance to inform policy and practice for improving youth health and well-being globally.

•12% of postmenopausal breast cancers and 19% of colon cancers are attributable to lack of physical activity in Brazil.•1.3% of postmenopausal breast and 6% of colon cancers could be prevented by achieving the physical activity recommendation.•Other plausible counterfactual scenarios showed limited to moderate impact of physical activity on cancer prevention.•High levels of physical activity are required to obtain sizable impact on breast and colon cancer prevention. Physical activity is associated with lower risk of colon and breast cancers. Herein we estimated preventable fractions of colon and breast cancers in Brazil by increasing population-wide physical activity to different counterfactual scenarios. We used data from a representative national survey in Brazil and corresponding relative risks of colon and postmenopausal breast cancers from a meta-analysis. Estimated cancer incidence was retrieved from GLOBOCAN and Brazilian National Cancer Institute. Five counterfactual scenarios for physical activity were considered: (i) theoretical minimum risk exposure level (≥8,000 metabolic equivalent of tasks-minute/week – MET-min/week); (ii) physical activity recommendation (≥600 MET-min/week); (iii) a 10% reduction in prevalence of insufficient physical inactivity (<600 MET-min/week); (iv) physical activity level in each state equals the most active state in Brazil; (v) closing the gender differences in physical activity. About 19% (3,630 cases) of colon cancers and 12% (6,712 cases) of postmenopausal breast cancers could be prevented by increasing physical activity to ≥8,000 MET-min/week. Plausible counterfactual scenarios suggested the following impact on cancer prevention: reaching physical activity recommendation: 1.7% (1,113 cases) of breast and 6% (1,137 cases) of colon; 10% reduction in physical inactivity prevalence: 0.2% (111 cases) of breast and 0.6% (114 cases) of colon; most active state scenario: 0.3% (168 cases) of breast and 1% (189 cases) of colon; reducing gender differences in physical activity: 1.1% (384 cases) of breast and 0.6% (122 cases) of colon. High levels of physical activity are required to achieve a sizable impact on breast and colon cancer prevention in Brazil.

ObjectiveCancer pain is a common distressing symptom. Numerical Pain Scales (NPS) assess pain but lack information about function and quality of life. This feasibility study assesses the use of triaxial accelerometers to measure function as an outcome measure in pain studies in advanced cancer.MethodsAdvanced cancer participants were recruited from two palliative care services, with an average pain score of ≥3 on NPS. ActiGraph wGT3X-BT Accelerometers were worn for 1 week on the wrist. Patients recorded daily pain scores, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) scores, and their daily opioid use.Results24 participants were recruited. A total of 142 days of accelerometer data was collected (5.9 days/participant). The average daily step count was 5723.7. The average acceleration was 14.4 milligravity units/day. An average of 93 min/day total activity across all intensities was recorded. No correlation was seen between acceleration or average daily minutes in activity and total daily oral morphine equivalent, ESAS, ‘average pain’ score or ‘worst pain’ scores using spearman’s correlation coefficients. Overall, participants were satisfied with the study.ConclusionsAccelerometers are a feasible method to measure activity as an outcome measure in advanced cancer. Further study is required to assess the impact of pain management strategies on function.

Background Raw data from accelerometers can provide valuable insights into specific attributes of physical activity, such as time spent in intensity-specific activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity assessed with raw data from triaxial wrist-worn accelerometers in mid-age Australian adults. Methods Data were from 700 mid-age adults living in Brisbane, Australia (mean age: 60.4; SD:7.1 years). Data from a non-dominant wrist worn triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT), expressed as acceleration in gravitational equivalent units (1  mg  = 0.001  g ), were used to estimate time spent in moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA; >100 m g ) using different bout criteria (non-bouted, 1-, 5-, and 10-min bouts), and the proportion of participants who spent an average of at least one minute per day in vigorous physical activity. Results Mean acceleration was 23.2  mg (SD: 7.5) and did not vary by gender (men: 22.4; women: 23.7; p-value: 0.073) or education (p-value: 0.375). On average, mean acceleration was 10% (2.5 m g ) lower per decade of age from age 55y. The median durations in non-bouted, 1-min, 5-min and 10-min MVPA bouts were, respectively, 68 (25th -75th : 45–99), 26 (25th -75th : 12–46), 10 (25th -75th : 3–24) and 8 (25th -75th : 0–19) min/day. Around one third of the sample did at least one minute per day in vigorous intensity activities. Conclusion This population-based cohort provided a detailed description of physical activity based on raw data from accelerometers in mid-age adults in Australia. Such data can be used to investigate how different patterns and intensities of physical activity vary across the day/week and influence health outcomes.