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Significant numbers of the people enslaved throughout world history have been children. The vast literature on slavery has grown to include most of the history of this ubiquitous practice, but nearly all of it concentrates on the adult males whose strong bodies and laboring capacities preoccupied the masters of the modern Americas.Children in Slavery through the Agesexamines the children among the enslaved across a significant range of earlier times and other places; its companion volume will examine the children enslaved in recent American contexts and in the contemporary/modern world.This is the first collection to focus on children in slavery. These leading scholars bring our thinking about slaving and slavery to new levels of comprehensiveness and complexity. They further provide substantial historical depth to the abuse of children for sexual and labor purposes that has become a significant humanitarian concern of governments and private organizations around the world in recent decades.The collected essays inChildren in Slavery through the Agesfundamentally reconstruct our understanding of enslavement by exploring the often-ignored role of children in slavery and rejecting the tendency to narrowly equate slavery with the forced labor of adult males. The volume's historical angle highlights many implications of child slavery by examining the variety of children's roles-as manual laborers and domestic servants to court entertainers and eunuchs-and the worldwide regions in which the child slave trade existed.

Child Slaves in the Modern Worldis the second of two volumes that examine the distinctive uses and experiences of children in slavery in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This collection of previously unpublished essays exposes the global victimization of child slaves from the period of abolition of legal slavery in the nineteenth century to the human rights era of the twentieth century. It contributes to the growing recognition that the stereotypical bonded male slave was in fact a rarity.Nine of the studies are historical, with five located in Africa and three covering Latin America from the British Caribbean to Chile. One study follows the children liberated in the famous Amistad incident (1843). The remaining essays cover contemporary forms of child slavery, from prostitution to labor to forced soldiering.Child Slaves in the Modern Worldadds historical depth to the current literature on contemporary slavery, emphasizing the distinctive vulnerabilities of children, or effective equivalents, that made them particularly valuable to those who could acquire and control them. The studies also make clear the complexities of attempting to legislate or decree regulations limiting practices that appear to have been-and continue to be -ubiquitous around the world.Contributors: Benjamin N. Lawrance, Gwyn Campbell, Cecily Jones, Sue Taylor, Nara Milanich, Martin Klein, Bernard Moitt, Trevor R. Getz, William G. Clarence-Smith, Jonathan Blagbrough, Philip Whalen, Malika Id' Salah, Zosa de Sas Kropiwnicki, Sarah Maguire, and Mike Dottridge.

By the early 20th century chattel slavery was illegal in the western world but was widespread in Africa, the Middle East and certain remote areas. Chattel slaves had no rights. In the 1920s and 1930s the League of Nations established committees to investigate slavery \"in all its forms.\" These expanded the definition of slavery to include forced labour, forced or child marriage, the inheritance of widows, the adoption of children for their exploitation, pawning, peonage, and debt bondage. The International Labour Organization investigated forced labour. Conventions were signed against both slavery and forced labour. After World War II, the United Nations, and the International Labour Organization, set up committees to investigate all forms of servitude and denial of human rights. They negotiated further conventions. Chattel slavery was outlawed everywhere from 1970 although it continued in remote areas. However, there was a great increase in other forms of exploitation, now known as \"contemporary slavery.\" These include debt bondage, forced prostitution, trafficking in people, child labour, sweated labour, sex-tourism, child soldiers and adoption for exploitation; all fuelled by disparities in the wealth of nations, small wars, the ease of communication and money laundering, together with the rise of organized crime. This article traces the changes in the forms and definitions of slavery in the 20th century and considers the action taken by the League of Nations, the United Nations, and the rapidly proliferating non-governmental organizations. References. Adapted from the source document.