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"Miller, Kim"
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A Multidimensional Framework for the Meanings of the Sexual Double Standard and its Application for the Sexual Health of Young Black Women in the U.S
There has been debate in the literature as to whether a sexual double standard (SDS) currently exists in the United States. Studies vary greatly in how the SDS is operationalized, making it difficult to interpret findings across studies and translate academic literature into applied fields such as public health. To advance academic and applied research, we propose a multidimensional framework for the SDS that can accommodate complex and nuanced meanings, is flexible enough to allow for the dynamic nature of social ideologies, and is grounded in an understanding of social systems of inequality. In this article, we describe three dimensions that define the broad elements of the SDS: (a) polarized (hetero)sexualities, (b) active male and passive female roles, and (c) the power struggle narrative. To illustrate the use of the framework, we contextualize each dimension in terms of the intersection of race and gender for young Black women in the United States. And finally, to apply the framework, we explore the effects the SDS can have on sexual health and suggest some directions for public health interventions. These analyses lay the groundwork for more complex and comprehensive investigations of the SDS and its effects on sexual health.
Journal Article
Assessing the benefits and risks of translocations in changing environments: a genetic perspective
Translocations are being increasingly proposed as a way of conserving biodiversity, particularly in the management of threatened and keystone species, with the aims of maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function under the combined pressures of habitat fragmentation and climate change. Evolutionary genetic considerations should be an important part of translocation strategies, but there is often confusion about concepts and goals. Here, we provide a classification of translocations based on specific genetic goals for both threatened species and ecological restoration, separating targets based on ‘genetic rescue’ of current population fitness from those focused on maintaining adaptive potential. We then provide a framework for assessing the genetic benefits and risks associated with translocations and provide guidelines for managers focused on conserving biodiversity and evolutionary processes. Case studies are developed to illustrate the framework.
Journal Article
Invasive Urban Mammalian Predators: Distribution and Multi-Scale Habitat Selection
A barrier to successful ecological restoration of urban green spaces in many cities is invasive mammalian predators. We determined the fine- and landscape-scale habitat characteristics associated with the presence of five urban predators (black and brown rats, European hedgehogs, house mice, and brushtail possums) in three New Zealand cities, in spring and autumn, in three green space types: forest fragments, amenity parks, and residential gardens. Season contributed to variations in detections for all five taxa. Rodents were detected least in residential gardens; mice were detected more often in amenity parks. Hedgehogs were detected least in forest fragments. Possums were detected most often in forest fragments and least often in residential gardens. Some of this variation was explained by our models. Proximity of amenity parks to forest patches was strongly associated with presence of possums (positively), hedgehogs (positively), and rats (negatively). Conversely, proximity of residential gardens to forest patches was positively associated with rat presence. Rats were associated with shrub and lower canopy cover and mice with herb layer cover. In residential gardens, rat detection was associated with compost heaps. Successful restoration of biodiversity in these cities needs extensive, coordinated predator control programmes that engage urban residents.
Journal Article
The new voices of science fiction
\"Your Future Is Bright! After all, your mother is a robot, your father has joined the alien hive mind, and your dinner will be counterfeit 3D-printed steak. Even though your worker bots have staged a mutiny, and your tour guide speaks only in memes, you can always sell your native language if you need some extra cash.\" -- From publisher's description.
Book
High Salinity Shelf Water production rates in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea from high-resolution salinity observations
High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) formed in the Ross Sea of Antarctica is a precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), a water mass that constitutes the bottom limb of the global overturning circulation. HSSW production rates are poorly constrained, as in-situ observations are scarce. Here, we present high-vertical-and-temporal-resolution salinity time series collected in austral winter 2017 from a mooring in Terra Nova Bay (TNB), one of two major sites of HSSW production in the Ross Sea. We calculate an annual-average HSSW production rate of ~0.4
Sv
(10
6
m
3
s
−1
), which we use to ground truth additional estimates across 2012–2021 made from parametrized net surface heat fluxes. We find sub-seasonal and interannual variability on the order of
0.1
S
v
, with a strong dependence on variability in open-water area that suggests a sensitivity of TNB HSSW production rates to changes in the local wind regime and offshore sea ice pack.
Antarctic Bottom Water ventilates the deep ocean, but studies of its source regions are limited due to scarce observations. Miller et al. leverage mooring data to quantify the production rate of a key constituent water mass produced in the Ross Sea.
Journal Article
Exploring open education resources for teaching pre-reading in the intermediate phase
BackgroundIn South African primary schools, reading is central to curriculum delivery, with a structured three-step process: pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading. Many learners struggle with reading comprehension, which affects their academic performance. Research emphasises the importance of pre-reading for activating prior knowledge, expanding vocabulary and developing metacognitive skills. Open educational resources (OERs) support these processes by aligning with the ‘four Rs’ of openness: reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute.ObjectiveThis study investigates the adoption of an OER designed to support teachers and improve pre-reading instruction.MethodFourteen English home language and first additional language teachers participated in this qualitative multiple case study. The OER aimed to be beneficial and accessible. Data were collected through interviews and thematic analysis.ResultsThe OER facilitated partial implementation of pre-reading activities. Teachers activated learners’ background knowledge and focused on vocabulary development. However, language structures, conventions, inference, and literary knowledge were underused. Teachers reused and revised the OER for specific contexts, but did little remixing or redistributing. The OER’s usefulness was contingent on its accessibility. Although it made reading lessons more engaging, it did not fully implement all pre-reading steps.ConclusionThe success of an OER in improving teaching and learning depends on its design and accessibility. While background knowledge and vocabulary development were prioritised, more attention is needed for language structures, reasoning, and literacy knowledge.ContributionTeachers would benefit from professional development focusing on the optimal use of OERs, especially in remixing and redistributing them.
Journal Article