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Traditionally, radiologists have crudely quantified tumor extent by measuring the longest and shortest dimension by dragging a cursor between opposite boundary points across a single image rather than full segmentation of the volumetric extent. For algorithmic-based volumetric segmentation, the degree of radiologist experiential involvement varies from confirming a fully automated segmentation, to making a single drag on an image to initiate semi-automated segmentation, to making multiple drags and clicks on multiple images during interactive segmentation. An experiment was designed to test an algorithm that allows various levels of interaction. Given the ground-truth of the BraTS training data, which delimits the brain tumors of 285 patients on multi-spectral MR, a computer simulation mimicked the process that a radiologist would follow to perform segmentation with real-time interaction. Clicks and drags were placed only where needed in response to the deviation between real-time segmentation results and assumed radiologist's goal, as provided by the ground-truth. Results of accuracy for various levels of interaction are presented along with estimated elapsed time, in order to measure efficiency. Average total elapsed time, including loading the study through confirming 3D contours, was 46 s.

ABSTRACT We explore the application of XMM-Newton Optical Monitor (XMM-OM) ultraviolet (UV) data to study galaxy evolution. Our sample is constructed as the intersection of all Abell clusters with z < 0.05 and having archival XMM-OM data in either the UVM2 or UVW1 filters, plus optical and UV photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and GALEX, respectively. The 11 resulting clusters include 726 galaxies with measured redshifts, 520 of which have redshifts placing them within their parent Abell clusters. We develop procedures for manipulating the XMM-OM images and measuring galaxy photometry from them, and we confirm our results via comparison with published catalogs. Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) constructed using the XMM-OM data along with SDSS optical data show promise for evolutionary studies, with good separation between red and blue sequences and real variation in the width of the red sequence that is likely indicative of differences in star formation history. This is particularly true for UVW1 data, as the relative abundance of data collected using this filter and its depth make it an attractive choice. Available tools that use stellar synthesis libraries to fit the UV and optical photometric data may also be used, thereby better describing star formation history within the past billion years and providing estimates of total stellar mass that include contributions from young stars. Finally, color-color diagrams that include XMM-OM UV data appear useful to the photometric identification of both extragalactic and stellar sources.

Dual anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 inhibitors show efficacy in numerous malignancies. We are the first to report on the efficacy of ipilimumab-nivolumab immunotherapy in a dedicated cohort of patients with gynecologic clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), which are rare, aggressive cancers. DART is a multicenter, multicohort phase II trial of ipilimumab (1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks) plus nivolumab (240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks), with primary objective as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-based overall response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives were ORR by immune RECIST (iRECIST), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR; overall response plus stable disease (SD) ≥6 months), and toxicity. Overall, in this cohort of 32 patients with gynecologic CCC (N=19 ovarian, N=8 endometrial, N=5 cervical; 1-8 prior therapies; 3 had prior PD-1 inhibitor exposure), an ORR of 9.38% was seen. This included two complete responses (CRs) (both ovarian origin) that are ongoing at >3 years and one partial response (PR). Overall ORR increased to 12.5% when including one PR by iRECIST criteria for a patient with cervical CCC lasting 26 months, with an OS of 32.0 months. The CBR was 21.88% overall for all 32 (7/32) evaluable patients with gynecologic CCC. This included two CR, one PR, and two patients with SD >6 months with ovarian CCC and one PR by iRECIST and one SD >6 months in two patients with cervical CCC. PFS for the seven patients with CBR was 63.6+, 47.8+, 40.5+, 50.8+, 7.4, 26, and 58.1+ months. Median OS was 21.7 months for all 32 evaluable patients. Seven of 32 patients (21.9%) discontinued therapy because of toxicity; there were no treatment-related deaths. Ipilimumab plus nivolumab demonstrated durable antitumor activity in certain patients with CCC of gynecological origin, particularly in those with CCC of ovarian origin. Safety is consistent with the known profile of ipilimumab and nivolumab. Correlative studies to better identify which patients will respond to combined ipilimumab and nivolumab are ongoing. NCT02834013.

A growing number of studies indicate that social ties that are formed by older people in the church have a significant positive impact on their physical and mental health. Aging in the Church: How Social Relationships Affect Health by Neal Krause constitutes the first attempt to provide a comprehensive assessment of the various types of relationships that stem from church involvement.

Gluteal tendinopathy (GT) is common and can be debilitating and challenging to manage. A lack of condition specific and appropriate outcome measures compromise evidence synthesis for treatment and limits clinical guideline development. Our objective was to develop a core outcome measurement set for GT (COS-GT). Participants were patients with GT and expert health professionals (HPs). A scoping review identified measures used in GT research, which were mapped to the nine International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus core domains, and included in two surveys of HPs. The first survey identified the feasible and true measures for each domain. The second survey refined the list which a patient focus group then considered. Meeting online, HPs reached consensus (agreement ≥70%) on the most appropriate COS-GT measures. 34 HPs and seven patients were recruited. 57 measures were mapped to the nine core domains. Six measures did not proceed past survey one. Of those that progressed, none had adequate clinimetric properties for a COS-GT. Thus, participants decided on interim measures: the global rating of change, pain at night, time to pain onset with single limb stance, pain with stair walking, pain self-efficacy and hip abduction strength. HP participants additionally recommended that pain over the last week, the European Quality of Life-5 dimensions-5 levels and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Gluteal be considered in clinical trials, as they currently provide best easures of the relevant tendinopathy domains. In conclusion this interim COS-GT should guide outcome measure selection in clinical practice and future research trials in patients with GT.

David Neal Miller’s Fear of Fiction is the first book-length study that begins with the understanding that Singer is truly a Yiddish writer in language and culture. With the exception of a handful of articles, American critical examination of Isaac Bashevis Singer’s work has been devoted to Singer’s work in English—to those pieces he himself has selected for translation. This American Nobel laureate is part of a long tradition of Yiddish literature, and he still writes in that language.

Institutions such as universities are responsible for a significant amount of recyclable material entering landfills. This problem could be addressed in part by increasing the percentage of waste recycled by consumers on campuses. Building on previous research, we evaluated the effects of bin proximity and visual prompts on rates of recycling within a university building. The total weight of recyclable materials (aluminum, plastic, and paper) placed into the building’s garbage and recycling bins was measured each day, and a reversal design was employed in which the environmental arrangement of the recycling bins was systematically manipulated. Both interventions produced a decrease in the amount of recyclable material being thrown in the trash cans, with visual prompts plus bin proximity being slightly more effective than bin proximity alone. However, neither intervention produced large increases in recycling. Interpretations of these findings and suggestions for future researchers are discussed.

This dissertation argues that Foucault's concept of critique is a practice that principally consists of \"desubjection\" and the history of the present. Critique thinks the identity of its historical present on the basis of what escapes this identity. It participates in these escapes by exploring how they challenge the concepts of extant critical discourse and illuminate the existing order of things in their contingent historicality. As the limits of a historical present involve the rules of discourse, the forms of power relations, and the production of subjectivities, critical thought must ally itself with that which undoes existing subjectivities by struggling with and against the limits of the present. Thus critique is an ethical and political practice of desubjecting the critic themselves. I explore this notion of critique by focusing on three pivotal moments in Foucault's trajectory: his critique of anthropology in his earlier \"archaeological\" period, his turn to \"genealogy\" and the \"politics of truth,\" and his study of neoliberalism and subsequent turn to ethics and \"subjectivation.\" In the first, I identify how critique as a unity of the history of the present and desubjection emerges in relation to its object, namely, \"man\" as the subject and object of anthopological discourse starting in the late 19th century. As the conditions of man–the being of language for Foucault–are fundamentally groundless, critique must take up this groundlessness and pursue the negation of man. In the second pivotal moment, I identify how Foucault's turn to the politics of truth understands the negation of man to be hindered by the practices of power that have produced man as a form of knowledge within various strategies of subjection. Finally, I explore Foucault's conception of neoliberalism as a test of critique inasmuch as it founds subjection on the economic freedom of market subjects. I conclude by exploring insurrectionary communism and cynical destitution as Foucaultian hypotheses for critiquing neoliberalism in practice.