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"Miller, Reagan"
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The moon
Explains what Earth's moon is, describes its physical characteristics, phases, a lunar eclipse, and moon missions.
Book
Facilitators and barriers for parental consent to pediatric emergency research
BackgroundObtaining informed consent for clinical research in the pediatric emergency department (ED) is challenging. Our objective was to understand the factors that influence parental consent for ED studies.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey assessing parents’ willingness to enroll their children into an ED research study. Parents reporting a willingness to enroll in ED studies were presented with two hypothetical scenarios, a low-risk and a high-risk study, and then asked about decision influencers affecting consent. Parents expressing a lack of willingness to enroll were asked which decision influencers impacted their consent decision.ResultsAmong 118 parents, 90 (76%) stated they would be willing to enroll their child into an ED study; of these, 86 (96%) would consent for a low-risk study and 54 (60%) would consent for a high-risk study. Caucasian parents, and those with previous research exposure, were more likely to report willingness to participate. Those who would consent to the high-risk study cited “benefits that research would provide to future children” most strongly influenced their decision to agree.ConclusionsED investigators should highlight the benefits for future children and inquire about parents’ previous exposure to research to enhance ED research enrollment. Barriers to consent in non-Caucasian families should be further investigated.ImpactObtaining consent for pediatric emergency research is challenging and this study identified factors influencing parental consent for research in EDs.Benefits for future children and parents’ previous research experience were two of the most influential factors in parents’ willingness to consent to ED research studies.These findings will help to improve enrollment in ED research studies and better our understanding of how to promote the health and well-being of pediatric patients.
Journal Article
The sun
Explains what the sun is, describes its physical characteristics, a solar eclipes, and how it influences life on earth.
Book
Does a mindfulness-based intervention strengthen mindfulness stress buffering effects in adolescence? A preliminary investigation
Past research on benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) has focused on differences in levels of trait mindfulness and/or mental health; we provided a preliminary test of the hypothesis that, for adolescents, an MBI enhances the function of mindfulness as a stress buffer. For mindfulness to buffer stress, levels of mindfulness need to stay consistently high during stressors. Twenty adolescents (12-18yrs) participated in an MBI and completed daily diaries across six weeks of the program on interparental conflict, mindful attention, self-compassion, depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Multilevel and heterogeneous mixed-effects location-scale models as well as multilevel mediation and moderation indicated that, within person, the effects of the stressor (interparental conflict) on mindfulness varied between the first half (before receiving instruction about remaining mindful during stress) and the second half of the MBI (after receiving such instruction): greater interparental conflict was associated with lower levels and consistency of mindfulness in the first half, but was not associated with levels or consistency of mindfulness in the second half. Also, within person, mindfulness appeared to mediate rather than buffer effects of conflict on daily mental health in the first half of the program, but in the second half, mindfulness was a significant buffer of the link between conflict and mental health. Results provided preliminary support that an MBI may change the function of mindfulness as a stress buffer for adolescents, allowing them to be able to remain consistently mindful under stress and therefore experience the stress-buffering effects of mindfulness.
Journal Article
High-flying airplanes
Learn about different kinds of airplanes including jumbo jets, seaplanes, and stunt planes.
Book
Bi-Directional and Time-Lagged Associations between Engagement and Mental Health Symptoms in a Group Mindfulness-Based Mental Health Intervention
There is a high need for accessible avenues for improving mental health among emerging adults, particularly on college campuses. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) is a promising avenue for reducing mental health symptoms, but initial discomforts associated with MBI may cause symptoms to fluctuate before decreasing, which presents a barrier to engagement with mindfulness on a daily basis. Consistent mindfulness practice is key for forming habits related to MBI, and engagement with mindfulness at home, including between intervention sessions, is an important predictor of mental health outcomes. Research suggests that mental health symptoms may serve as barriers to their own treatment. Thus, it is important to understand how mental health symptom levels impact adherence to treatment protocols. To improve understanding of symptom-specific barriers to treatment and engagement with mindfulness, the present study collected daily diary surveys about engagement with mindfulness and mental health symptoms from a sample of 62 adults recruited to participate in a six-week mindfulness intervention. We explored mental health symptoms as a predictor of engagement with MBI at the mean level and whether within-person variability in symptoms predicted same-day or time-lagged changes in engagement via mixed-effects associations. Using heterogeneous location scale models, we further explored whether erraticism in either mental health symptoms or engagement with mindfulness predicted the other and if outcomes of the mindfulness intervention were homogeneous among subjects. Results showed that bi-directional and time-lagged associations exist between symptoms and engagement, indicating that there is a nuanced temporal and reciprocal relationship between engagement with mindfulness and mental health symptoms. Daily within-person elevations in engagement with mindfulness were associated with concurrent improvements in mental health but prospective increases in mental health symptoms. We also found that higher engagement (over personal averages) was not consistently associated with improvements in mental health across the sample but was instead associated with greater heterogeneity in outcomes. We also found that increases in mental health symptoms (over personal averages), as well as higher average levels of mental health symptoms, were both associated with lower levels of engagement in the mindfulness treatment protocol.
Journal Article
Step forward with optimism
\"Don't let anything get you down! Optimism allows you to be positive about your future, and always be hopeful that you will reach your goals. Without it, you might give up on chasing your dreams! This inspiring book looks at the life-changing effect optimism has in our world, and gives you tips on how to keep your head up even when situations feel tough. Learn how to have a positive outlook so you can step forward with optimism and believe that anything is possible!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Bringing attention to friendship: moderating Effects of Mindfulness on the interpersonal model of disordered eating in adolescents
The interpersonal model offers a compelling account of the explanatory role of depression in the association of poor friendship quality with disordered eating in adolescents. Theoretically, a propensity for mindfulness also may be protective in the face of interpersonal stress, but the buffering influence of mindfulness on poor friendship, depression, and disordered eating has not been evaluated. Secondary data analysis was conducted with
N
= 90 12-17-year-olds (50% female; 30% Hispanic/70% non-Hispanic), at risk for excess weight gain (body mass index [BMI; kg/m
2
]
M (SD)
1.62 (0.62) z-score). Youth were taking part in the baseline phase of a larger health behaviors study. Adolescents completed psychometrically-sound questionnaires on friendship quality, depression, disordered eating, and mindfulness. Indirect associations of friendship on disordered eating through depression were tested using a product-of-coefficients approach, and mindfulness was tested as a first and second-stage moderator of the indirect association. Models accounted for baseline BMI z-score, age, sex, and ethnicity. Mindfulness was a first-stage moderator (B = -0.02, 95%CI [-0.05, -0.001]) and second-stage moderator (B = -0.04, 95%CI [-0.07, -0.006]) of the indirect association. Only at relatively higher levels of mindfulness, adolescents’ poorer friendship quality related to greater depression symptoms, which, in turn, related to more disordered eating. Results supported mindfulness as a moderator of the associations among friendship quality, depression, and disordered eating in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain. Yet, findings appeared to be more consistent with differential susceptibility theory than the mindfulness stress buffering hypothesis and merit testing with prospective data.
Journal Article
“Scaling Out” a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Through a Youth Mentoring Program: Preliminary Evidence for Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy
Objectives
Past studies indicate that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) promote mental health for adolescents. However, most adolescents with mental health vulnerabilities do not have access to an MBI. The goal of the current study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of scaling out an MBI through a mentoring program targeted at adolescents experiencing multiple adversities.
Method
We conducted a randomized feasibility trial comparing mentoring alone to mentoring plus MBI. Assessments occurred at baseline and post-intervention, including reports gathered from adolescents and their parents.
Results
The addition of an MBI to the mentoring program did not affect attendance, but was associated with small increases in overall program acceptability. Additionally, adolescents who received mentoring plus MBI showed larger improvements in two aspects of emotion regulation (emotional clarity and managing impulsive behaviors during distress), attention problems, externalizing behaviors, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. In contrast, adolescents who received mentoring alone demonstrated more favorable change in another dimension of emotion regulation (accessing effective emotion regulation strategies) and internalizing symptoms. Many but not all of these effects were more pronounced when focusing specifically on older, high school–aged adolescents, compared to the effects observed in the entire sample of 10–18-year-olds.
Conclusions
Results suggest that it is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective to expand MBI via mentoring programs for adolescents at high risk for mental health symptoms.
Preregistration
This study was not preregistered.
Journal Article
Boosting effects of mindfulness-based intervention with a multi-modal adaptive supplement: a preliminary investigation
Recently, scientists have advocated for the use of multi-modal adaptive supplements to mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to boost program efficacy. A theoretical mechanism underlying MBI benefits is that high mindfulness buffers against mental health problems in the face of stressors. We investigated whether a multi-modal supplement to an MBI boosts mindfulness stress buffering effects relative to a standard MBI and an active control using a pilot randomized controlled trial within an existing mentoring program, Campus Connections. Participants were 98 mentors and mentees randomized to mentoring alone, MBI with mentoring, or MBI with multi-modal supplement and mentoring. Participants completed daily diaries for 6 days at baseline and program end to assess daily stressors, mindfulness, and mental health symptoms. Analyses focused on within-person intraindividual variability. Results indicated that there was no evidence for mindfulness stress buffering for any condition at baseline. Those who received mentoring alone continued to show no evidence of mindfulness stress buffering at posttest. In contrast, at posttest those who received MBI with mentoring displayed some evidence for mindfulness stress buffering in that their mental health concerns were buffered from deleterious effects of stress only on days when they maintained higher than average mindfulness. At posttest, participants who received MBI with the multi-modal supplement and mentoring displayed stronger mindfulness stress buffering effects, as daily stress was no longer related to their mental health symptoms. This study provides initial support that a multi-modal supplement to an MBI can boost mindfulness stress buffering effects.
Journal Article