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"Miller, Susan L."
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Characterizing the impacts of public health control measures on domestic violence services: qualitative interviews with domestic violence coalition leaders
Background
Prior to the availability of pharmaceutical control measures, non-pharmaceutical control measures, including travel restrictions, physical distancing, isolation and quarantine, closure of schools and workplaces, and the use of personal protective equipment were the only tools available to public health authorities to control the spread of COVID-19. The implementation of these non-pharmaceutical control measures had unintended impacts on the ability of state and territorial domestic violence coalitions to provide services to victims.
Methods
A semi-structured interview guide to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted service provision and advocacy generally, and how COVID-19 control measures specifically, created barriers to services and advocacy, was developed, pilot tested, and revised based on feedback. Interviews with state and territorial domestic violence coalition executive directors were conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Transcripts were inductively and deductively coded using both hand-coding and qualitative software.
Results
Forty-five percent (25 of 56) of state and territorial domestic violence coalition executive directors representing all 8 National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV) regions were interviewed. Five themes related to the use of non-pharmaceutical pandemic control measures with impacts on the provision of services and advocacy were identified.
Conclusions
The use of non-pharmaceutical control measures early in the COVID-19 pandemic had negative impacts on the health and safety of some vulnerable groups, including domestic violence victims. Organizations that provide services and advocacy to victims faced many unique challenges in carrying out their missions while adhering to required public health control measures. Policy and preparedness plan changes are needed to prevent unintended consequences of control measure implementation among vulnerable groups as well as to identify lessons learned that should be applied in future disasters and emergencies.
Journal Article
Victims as Offenders
Arrests of women for assault increased more than 40 percent over the past decade, while male arrests for this offense have fallen by about one percent. Some studies report that for the first time ever the rate of reported intimate partner abuse among men and women is nearly equal. Susan L. Miller's timely book explores the important questions raised by these startling statistics.
Are women finally closing the gender gap on violence? Or does this phenomenon reflect a backlash shaped by men who batter? How do abusive men use the criminal justice system to increase control over their wives? Do police, courts, and treatment providers support aggressive arrest policies for women? Are these women \"victims\" or \"offenders\"?
In answering these questions, Miller draws on extensive data from a study of police behavior in the field, interviews with criminal justice professionals and social service providers, and participant observation of female offender programs. She offers a critical analysis of the theoretical assumptions framing the study of violence and provides insight into the often contradictory implications of the mandatory and pro-arrest policies enacted in the 1980s and 1990s. Miller argues that these enforcement strategies, designed to protect women, have often victimized women in different ways. Without sensationalizing, Miller unveils a reality that looks very different from what current statistics on domestic violence imply.
eBook
Star destroyers : big ships blowing things up
\"In space, size matters. Boomers. Ships of the Line. Star Destroyers. The bigger the ship, the better the bang. From the dawn of history onward, commanding the most powerful ship around has been a dream of admirals, sultans, emperors, kings, generalissimos, and sea captains everywhere. For what the intimidation factor alone doesn't achieve, a massive barrage from super-weapons probably will. Thus it was, and ever shall be, even into the distant future. From the oceans of Earth, to beneath the ice of Europa, to the distant reaches of galactic empires, it is the great warships and their crews that sometimes keep civilization safe for the rest of us -- but sometimes become an extinction-level event in and of themselves\"--Back cover.
Book
After the Crime
Too often, the criminal justice system silences victims, which leaves them frustrated, angry, and with many unanswered questions. Despite their rage and pain, many victims want the opportunity to confront their offenders and find resolution. After the Crime explores a victim-offender dialogue program that offers victims of severe violence an opportunity to meet face-to-face with their incarcerated offenders. Using rich in-depth interview data, the book follows the harrowing stories of crimes of stranger rape, domestic violence, marital rape, incest, child sexual abuse, murder, and drunk driving, ultimately moving beyond story-telling to provide an accessible scholarly analysis of restorative justice. Susan Miller argues that the program has significantly helped the victims who chose to face their offenders in very concrete, transformative ways. Likewise, the offenders have also experienced positive changes in their lives in terms of creating greater accountability and greater victim empathy. After the Crime explores their transformative experiences with restorative justice, vividly illustrating how one program has worked in conjunction with the criminal justice system in order to strengthen victim empowerment.
eBook
Legal Consciousness and Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’ Perceptions of Protection Order Violations
Civil protection orders are individualized orders that survivors of intimate partner abuse and violence can pursue in addition to or independently of criminal charges. The efficacy of protection orders is defined in various ways in existing literature. One way to understand the effectiveness of these orders is to determine the extent to which they are violated, the willingness of survivors to report violations, and the legal system’s (i.e., police, criminal court, and civil court) responses to survivors’ reports. Research exists on the extent to which protection orders are violated, the extent to which violations are reported, and factors affecting enforcement of the orders. However, research has yet to examine the perceptions and behaviors of survivors who do not report order violations. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with women who sought civil protection orders against abusive male partners, this research uses a legal consciousness framework to examine survivors’ perceptions of order violations, their decision-making processes regarding whether to report violations, and barriers to reporting the violations. The interviews reveal that not all survivors perceive contact as an order violation and, for those who do, not all survivors report the violations. Specifically, obstacles to reporting were related to survivors’ perceptions of the violations and accessibility to and usefulness of the legal system. Policy implications for both the civil and criminal justice systems to create more victim-centered and trauma-informed responses to survivors who experience protection order violations are discussed.
Journal Article
Gender Differences in Occupational Attitudes Among Chinese Judges
The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of empirical studies exploring the relationships between legal and extra-legal factors and judicial attitudes and behavior in China. Nonetheless, few studies have assessed Chinese judges’ occupational experiences across genders. This study examines gender disparities in professional attitudes among Chinese judges. Relying on survey data collected from 485 judges in a northern Chinese province, this study assesses whether female and male judges differ in their responsiveness to litigants and turnover intention. Multivariate regression models reveal that gender differences exist in judges’ responsiveness and turnover intention, with female judges less likely to show responsiveness to litigants and quit their jobs. Besides gender, judges’ job satisfaction and stress and relationships with litigants are also linked to their responsiveness and turnover intention. Implications for policy and research are discussed.
Journal Article
Routledge International Handbook of Crime and Gender Studies
Criminological research has historically been based on the study of men, boys and crime. As a result, the criminal justice system's development of policies, programs, and treatment regimes was based on the male offender. It was not until the 1970s that some criminologists began to draw attention to the neglect of gender in the study of crime, but today, the study of gender and crime is burgeoning within criminology and includes a vast literature.
The Routledge International Handbook of Crime and Gender Studies is a collection of original, cutting-edge, multidisciplinary essays which provide a thorough overview of the history and development of research on gender and crime, covering topics based around:
theoretical and methodological approaches
gender and victimization
gender and offending
gendered work in the criminal justice system
future directions in gender and crime research.
Alongside these essays are boxes which highlight particularly innovative ideas or controversial topics - such as cybercrime, restorative justice, campus crime, and media depictions. A second set of boxes features leading gender and crime researchers who reflect on what sparked their interest in the subject.
This engaging and thoughtful collection will be invaluable for students and scholars of criminology, sociology, psychology, public health, social work, cultural studies, media studies, economics and political science.
eBook
Making Sense out of Nonsense: The Deconstruction of State-Level Sex Offender Residence Restrictions
Releasing a sex offender from prison or placing the offender on community-based sanctions, only to have the offender commit a new sex crime, is a policy-maker’s worst nightmare. Fueled by misperceptions and public fear, sex offender laws have developed piecemeal and without rigorous empirical insight and testing. While policies and practices are well-intended, they are unlikely to resolve the very real social problem of sexual violence and may inadvertently increase victimization. Such is the possibility with residence restrictions. This type of law is among the newest in an ever-growing barrage of legislation designed specifically for sexual criminals yet what little research that exists suggests there is no correlation between residence and sexual recidivism. This article identifies 30 states with state-level residence restrictions and conducts a content analysis of each state’s legislation. Geographical and other assessments are also conducted.
Journal Article