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"Milton, Alex"
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The phase of pre-stimulus alpha oscillations influences the visual perception of stimulus timing
This study examined the influence of pre-stimulus alpha phase and attention on whether two visual stimuli occurring closely in time were perceived as simultaneous or asynchronous. The results demonstrated that certain phases of alpha in the period immediately preceding stimulus onset were associated with a higher proportion of stimuli judged to be asynchronous. Furthermore, this effect was shown to occur independently of both visuo-spatial attention and alpha amplitude. The findings are compatible with proposals that alpha phase reflects cyclic shifts in neuronal excitability. Importantly, however, the results further suggest that fluctuations in neuronal excitability can create a periodicity in neuronal transfer that can have functional consequences that are decoupled from changes in alpha amplitude. This study therefore provides evidence that perceptual processes fluctuate periodically although it remains uncertain whether this implies the discrete temporal framing of perception.
•Pre-stimulus alpha phase influences the perceived timing of two visual stimuli.•Phase effects were independent of both spatial attention and alpha amplitude.•The results are compatible with the neural excitability hypothesis of alpha phase.
Journal Article
A Framework for Analyzing and Measuring Usage and Engagement Data (AMUsED) in Digital Interventions: Viewpoint
Trials of digital interventions can yield extensive, in-depth usage data, yet usage analyses tend to focus on broad descriptive summaries of how an intervention has been used by the whole sample. This paper proposes a novel framework to guide systematic, fine-grained usage analyses that better enables understanding of how an intervention works, when, and for whom. The framework comprises three stages to assist in the following: (1) familiarization with the intervention and its relationship to the captured data, (2) identification of meaningful measures of usage and specifying research questions to guide systematic analyses of usage data, and (3) preparation of datasheets and consideration of available analytical methods with which to examine the data. The framework can be applied to inform data capture during the development of a digital intervention and/or in the analysis of data after the completion of an evaluation trial. We will demonstrate how the framework shaped preparation and aided efficient data capture for a digital intervention to lower transmission of cold and flu viruses in the home, as well as how it informed a systematic, in-depth analysis of usage data collected from a separate digital intervention designed to promote self-management of colds and flu. The Analyzing and Measuring Usage and Engagement Data (AMUsED) framework guides systematic and efficient in-depth usage analyses that will support standardized reporting with transparent and replicable findings. These detailed findings may also enable examination of what constitutes effective engagement with particular interventions.
Journal Article
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA E AMBIENTAL DA INJEÇÃO DA CASCA DA MORINGA OLEIFERA EM ALTOS-FORNOS A COQUE
A Moringa oleifera é conhecida como a árvore da vida por suas inúmeras aplicações nas indústrias farmacêutica, cosmética e nutricional. Seu produto mais nobre é o óleo, que para ser extraído é necessário descascar a semente, na qual são gerados resíduos sem valor agregado. O uso da casca da semente de moringa oleifera tem efeitos ambientais e econômicos positivos como fontes renováveis de combustível. Em relação à questão ambiental, pode-se dizer que os gases de efeito estufa são emitidos, mas a quantidade é a mesma produzida pelo processo de decomposição natural. Além disso, durante o crescimento, quantidades de CO2 são consumidas na fotossíntese, o que pode contribuir no balanço ao analisar a emissão desses gases na queima da casca. Neste trabalho foi caracterizada a casca da semente de moringa oleifera e avaliado seu uso na injeção de em altos-fornos. Os resultados iniciais mostram que este material tem uma boa taxa de combustão, altos voláteis e conteúdo de hidrogênio. Apesar de o teor de carbono e o poder calorífico serem menores que os do carvão mineral, é possível utilizar 40% da casca na injeção na mistura de carvão, reduzindo as emissões de CO2 no processo.
Journal Article
Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation indexes preserved semantic memory in healthy ageing
Behavioural studies investigating the preservation of semantic memory in healthy ageing have reported mixed findings. One suggested reason for this discrepancy is that the processes underpinning lexical access to semantic knowledge may be sensitive to ageing. It is therefore necessary to assess semantic memory utilising tasks that are not explicitly linguistic. In this study, a fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm coupled with EEG was used to assess the ability of younger and older adults to automatically distinguish between images by their semantic category. Participants were presented with a 6 Hz stream of images drawn from one semantic category except every fifth image (occurring at a rate of 1.2 Hz) which was drawn from an alternate semantic category. For both younger and older adults, results demonstrate successful and comparable semantic categorisation. This was detectable at the individual level for 71% and 72% of older and younger adults, respectively. Given the rapid presentation rate and absence of explicit instruction to categorise images, the task is unlikely to utilise linguistic strategies and suggests the maintenance of semantic memory in healthy ageing. Moreover, this study utilised mobile EEG equipment and short presentation times that would be suitable for practical application outside a research setting.
Journal Article
Product design
Product Design offers a broad and comprehensive introduction to the field of product design and the key role of product designers. It examines all the stages and activities involved in the creation of a new product—from concept design to manufacture, prototyping to marketing. It encourages the reader to challenge conventions and to think about the subject in new and exciting ways.The book also explores the diverse nature of product design, including new and emerging forms of practice. A rich overview of influential design movements and individuals are covered, together with interviews and examples from prominent product designers, and working practices and career guidance relevant to today.Full of visual examples and practical information, the book is an essential guide for students or anyone interested in product design.
eBook
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention and diagnosis in COVID-19: Practice patterns and outcomes at 33 hospitals
Early reports of increased thrombosis risk with SARS-CoV-2 infection led to changes in venous thromboembolism (VTE) management. Real-world data on the prevalence, efficacy and harms of these changes informs best practices.
Define practice patterns and clinical outcomes related to VTE diagnosis, prevention, and management in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) using a multi-hospital US sample.
In this retrospective cross-sectional study of 1121 patients admitted to 33 hospitals, exposure was dose of anticoagulant prescribed for VTE prophylaxis (standard, intensified, therapeutic), and primary outcome was VTE (pulmonary embolism [PE] and deep vein thrombosis [DVT]); secondary outcomes were PE, DVT, arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and bleeding events. Multivariable logistic regression models accounting for clustering by site and adjusted for risk factors were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs). Inverse probability weighting was used to account for confounding by indication.
1121 patients (mean age 60 ± 18, 47% female) admitted with COVID-19 between February 2, 2020 and December 31, 2020 to 33 US hospitals were included. Pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis was prescribed in 86%. Forty-seven patients (4.2%) had PE, 51 (4.6%) had DVT, and 23 (2.1%) had ATE. Forty-six patients (4.1%) had major bleeding and 46 (4.1%) had clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Compared to standard prophylaxis, adjusted odds of VTE were 0.67 (95% CI 0.21-2.1) with no prophylaxis, 1.0 (95% CI 0.06-17) with intensified, and 3.0 (95% CI 0.89-10) with therapeutic. Adjusted odds of bleeding with no prophylaxis were 5.6 (95% CI 3.0-11) and 5.3 (95% CI 3.0-10) with therapeutic (no events on intensified dosing).
Therapeutic anticoagulation was associated with a 3-fold increased odds of VTE and 5-fold increased odds of bleeding. While higher bleeding rates with high-intensity prophylaxis were likely due to full-dose anticoagulation, we conclude that high thrombosis rates were due to clinical concern for thrombosis before formal diagnosis.
Journal Article
Modelo ProLab: Bio Huevos, Propuesta Para Promover el Consumo de Huevos Orgánicos en la Macrorregión sur
La situación política, económica y sanitaria del Perú ha generado un impacto negativo respecto al acceso a alimentos nutritivos. En este contexto, el resultado del Índice Global del Hambre del 2021 muestra un retroceso incluso considerando el crecimiento de la agroexportación y el desarrollo económico de algunos departamentos.Es importante destacar que la demanda de alimentos saludables está en constante aumento, y un claro ejemplo de ello es que el Perú se posiciona como el tercer país con mayor demanda de productos bajos en grasas y calorías en América Latina, según el informe de Puratos en 2021. En particular, en Arequipa y en el sur del país, se ha observado un creciente interés en la ingesta de productos saludables, especialmente aquellos de origen natural, como es el caso del huevo orgánico. Sin embargo, el acceso a este tipo de productos representa una dificultad principal para el consumidor.En vista de esta problemática, la propuesta de negocio \"Bio Huevos\" adquiere un carácter socialmente relevante al contribuir a la promoción de una alimentación saludable, en consonancia con el ODS 2. Este emprendimiento se enmarca en un mercado en ascenso, garantizando el acceso a huevos orgánicos enriquecidos con Omega 3 a través de un proceso de producción estandarizado y una estrategia de comercialización que incluye tanto establecimientos físicos como una plataforma virtual, acercándose de manera efectiva al consumidor.En el análisis para la sostenibilidad financiera, se estima que el proyecto requiere una inversión de 770,596.00 soles y 5 años para obtener un VAN de 3'632,661.50 soles. Asimismo, el WACC es de 13.04% y la TIRM de 60% confirmando la viabilidad financiera del proyecto. Asimismo, para la rentabilidad social, se estima un VANS de 2'979,546.00 soles.
Dissertation