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Realizing a lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode with both high energy density and a long lifespan requires an innovative cathode design that maximizes electrochemical performance and resists electrode deterioration. Herein, a high‐loading Li2S‐based cathode with micrometric Li2S particles composed of two‐dimensional graphene (Gr) and one‐dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a compact geometry is developed, and the role of CNTs in stable cycling of high‐capacity Li–S batteries is emphasized. In a dimensionally combined carbon matrix, CNTs embedded within the Gr sheets create robust and sustainable electron diffusion pathways while suppressing the passivation of the active carbon surface. As a unique point, during the first charging process, the proposed cathode is fully activated through the direct conversion of Li2S into S8 without inducing lithium polysulfide formation. The direct conversion of Li2S into S8 in the composite cathode is ubiquitously investigated using the combined study of in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ optical microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The composite cathode demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical properties even with a high Li2S loading of 10 mg cm–2; in particular, the practical and safe Li–S full cell coupled with a graphite anode shows ultra‐long‐term cycling stability over 800 cycles. A high‐loading lithium sulfide (Li2S)‐based cathode composed of graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and Li2S in compact geometry is developed for high‐energy Li–S batteries. A dimensionally combined fine carbon matrix provides fast electron diffusion pathways and a sustainable electrical network. The composite cathode showed unprecedented high areal capacity and cycling stability at ultrahigh Li2S loading, in which the role of the CNTs is emphasized for stable cycling of Li–S batteries.

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) have garnered attention from both academia and industry because they can achieve high energy densities (>400 Wh kg–1), which are difficult to achieve in commercially available lithium‐ion batteries. As a preparation step for practically utilizing LSBs, there is a problem, wherein battery cycle life rapidly reduces as the loading level of the sulfur cathode increases and the electrode area expands. In this study, a separator coated with boehmite on both sides of polyethylene (hereinafter denoted as boehmite separator) is incorporated into a high‐loading Li‐S pouch battery to suppress sudden capacity drops and achieve a longer cycle life. We explore a phenomenon by which inequality is generated in regions where an electrochemical reaction occurs in the sulfur cathode during the discharging and charging of a high‐capacity Li‐S pouch battery. The boehmite separator inhibits the accumulation of sulfur‐related species on the surface of the sulfur cathode to induce an even reaction across the entire cathode and suppresses the degradation of the Li metal anode, allowing the pouch battery with an areal capacity of 8 mAh cm–2 to operate stably for 300 cycles. These results demonstrate the importance of customizing separators for the practical use of LSBs. Pouch‐type lithium‐sulfur batteries with a high areal capacity of more than 8 mAh cm–2 are developed by using a three‐dimensional compact sulfur cathode and a separator coated with boehmite on both sides of polyethylene which improves the uniformity of the regions at which the electrochemical reactions take place (on both high loading cathode and lithium metal anode).

Realizing a lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode with both high energy density and a long lifespan requires an innovative cathode design that maximizes electrochemical performance and resists electrode deterioration. Herein, a high-loading Li2S-based cathode with micrometric Li2S particles composed of two-dimensional graphene (Gr) and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a compact geometry is developed, and the role of CNTs in stable cycling of high-capacity Li–S batteries is emphasized. In a dimensionally combined carbon matrix, CNTs embedded within the Gr sheets create robust and sustainable electron diffusion pathways while suppressing the passivation of the active carbon surface. As a unique point, during the first charging process, the proposed cathode is fully activated through the direct conversion of Li2S into S8 without inducing lithium polysulfide formation. The direct conversion of Li2S into S8 in the composite cathode is ubiquitously investigated using the combined study of in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ optical microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The composite cathode demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical properties even with a high Li2S loading of 10 mg cm–2; in particular, the practical and safe Li–S full cell coupled with a graphite anode shows ultra-long-term cycling stability over 800 cycles.

Realizing a lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) cathode with both high energy density and a long lifespan requires an innovative cathode design that maximizes electrochemical performance and resists electrode deterioration. Herein, a high‐loading Li 2 S‐based cathode with micrometric Li 2 S particles composed of two‐dimensional graphene (Gr) and one‐dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a compact geometry is developed, and the role of CNTs in stable cycling of high‐capacity Li–S batteries is emphasized. In a dimensionally combined carbon matrix, CNTs embedded within the Gr sheets create robust and sustainable electron diffusion pathways while suppressing the passivation of the active carbon surface. As a unique point, during the first charging process, the proposed cathode is fully activated through the direct conversion of Li 2 S into S 8 without inducing lithium polysulfide formation. The direct conversion of Li 2 S into S 8 in the composite cathode is ubiquitously investigated using the combined study of in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ optical microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The composite cathode demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical properties even with a high Li 2 S loading of 10 mg cm –2 ; in particular, the practical and safe Li–S full cell coupled with a graphite anode shows ultra‐long‐term cycling stability over 800 cycles.

Front cover image: Lithium sulfide (Li2S)‐based Li‐S battery is a promising candidate for next‐generation batteries. However, the insulating Li2S requires a high overpotential for its first activation and so far, therefore, it is rarely reported to achieve long‐life Li‐S batteries in high Li2S loading. In article number cey2.308, Kim et al. propose a high‐loading, high energy, and long‐life Li2S cathode featuring a three‐dimensional (3D) uniform carbon matrix and a compact geometrical structure, providing new opportunities for realizing a practical Li‐S battery.

Vitamin E (tocopherols, VE) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant involved in neutralizing reactive oxygen species and maintaining immune function in animals. This study aimed to determine the optimum dietary VE requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei ) for growth, feed utilization, immune responses, antioxidative capacity, diet digestibility, intestinal histomorphology and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus . Eight experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of VE (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 240 mg/kg; designated as VE0, VE20, VE40, VE60, VE80, VE100, VE120 and VE240). Four replicate groups, each containing 30 shrimp (0.20 ± 0.04 g), were fed one of the diets six times daily for 56 days. Shrimp fed VE80 diet exhibited significantly increased growth performance compared to shrimp fed VE0, VE20 and VE240 diets. Non-specific immune responses were significantly enhanced in shrimp fed VE60-VE80 diets. Hepatopancreatic lipid peroxidation in VE80 group was significantly lower compared to the VE0 group. The expression of Crustin , C-MnSOD and GPx genes in the hepatopancreas was significantly upregulated in VE80 group. Graded dietary VE levels significantly linearly increased hemolymph and hepatopancreas VE concentrations. Intestinal villi height and width were significantly improved with dietary VE supplementation. The digestibility of protein, lipid and dry matter was significantly higher in shrimp fed VE80 diet compared to those fed VE0 diet. The resistance against V. parahaemolyticus was significantly higher in shrimp fed VE80, VE100 and VE120 diets compared to those fed VE0 and VE20 diets. The optimal dietary VE level for Pacific white shrimp was estimated to be 72.17 mg/kg for weight gain and 72.21 mg/kg specific growth rate, based on broken-line analysis. In conclusion, optimal dietary VE supplementation enhances shrimp growth, immunity, antioxidative defense and disease resistance against V. parahaemolyticus , thereby reducing the risk of early mortality syndrome caused by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease.

The supplementary effects of an emulsifier mixture (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and distilled monoglycerides) were investigated on feed utilization, growth performance, and immunity of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, replacing fish oil with beef tallow. A fish oil containing diet was considered as positive control (PC) and a diet containing beef tallow instead of fish oil was considered as negative control (TW). Two other diets (EM01 and EM02) were prepared by adding 0.01 and 0.02% of the emulsifier into the TW diet. After 8 weeks of a feeding trial, growth performance and feed utilization were significantly higher in fish fed EM01, EM02, or PC diets compared to those fed the TW diet. Dry matter digestibility was higher in EM01 and EM02 diets than the TW diet and comparable to PC diet. Lipid digestibility was significantly higher in PC diet compared to TW diet. Liver EPA and DHA levels were lower, and oleic acid level was higher in fish fed diets containing tallow compared to PC group. Significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase and triglyceride levels were observed in TW group. Dietary supplemented emulsifier restored the reduced performance of olive flounder fed diets containing tallow instead of fish oil. However, the optimum inclusion level of the emulsifier should be elucidated in future studies.

The purpose of this study was to devise a classification and lateral window design method based on implants and to evaluate whether these classifications and methods are applicable to clinical practice. When applying the maxillary sinus elevation technique using the lateral window, possible situations were classified into four: (A) two or more sites for implants are required for maxillary sinus augmentation, (B) a single implant is required when there are no adjacent teeth, (C) a single implant is required when one adjacent tooth is present at the mesial or distal area, and (D) a single implant is required when both mesial and distal adjacent teeth are present. In order to verify whether this classification can be used in all situations, 76 patients who underwent maxillary sinus elevation with a lateral window were selected and investigated. Of them, 47 (62%) were included in Group A, 9 (12%) in Group B, 8 (11%) in Group C, and 12 (15%) in Group D. Lateral window designing in the lateral approach of sinus augmentation can be classified into four clinical situations. There were no unclassified cases. This classification and window positioning method can be applied to most cases.

This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of two Bacillus spp. on digestibility, growth performance, innate immunity, and water ammonia level of Litopenaeus vannamei. A control diet was made without the probiotic supplementation, and four other diets were prepared by including B. subtilis (BS) alone (0.1 × 1010 and 0.2 × 1010) or a mixture of BS and B. pumilus (BP) (0.1 × 1010 and 0.2 × 1010). Quadruplicate groups of shrimp (0.14 g) were hand-fed one of the diets for 8 weeks. Shrimp fed diets containing Bacillus spp. showed significantly higher apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and dry matter than shrimp fed the control diet. The growth performance was significantly improved in shrimp fed higher dose (0.2 × 1010) of the Bacillus spp. compared to the control group. Innate immunity of shrimp fed the probiotic diets was significantly enhanced compared to the control group. In a water ammonia test, culture water of the probiotic diets had lower total ammonia concentration than that of the control diet. The results in this study suggest that Bacillus spp. can positively affect digestibility, growth performance, feed efficiency, innate immunity, and water quality for L. vannamei.