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"Miozzi, S"
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OCRA – an outreach program on cosmic rays for teachers and students
2023
The Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities (OCRA) project was created in 2018 within the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) to offer a platform for all outreach activities focusing on cosmic rays within the institute. OCRA now counts 22 of the institute’s divisions all over Italy as members. The project offers activities both for students and teachers. The one activity common to all local groups is the participation in the yearly International Cosmic Day, organized by DESY, inviting high school students to carry out hands-on measurements of the cosmic ray flux and learn about the related physics background. Two students from each division are then selected to participate in the annual OCRA science camp, a three-day full immersion into the life of a physicist. For both teachers and students, the OCRA website https://web.infn.it/OCRA/, offers a series of online laboratories designed both to be used by students individually but also to be offered in the classroom by teachers. A section dedicated to teachers provides ample material to help bring these laboratories to the classroom. The online materials were presented in a course for teachers in spring 2021. In addition to the national efforts, there are also local initiatives of the OCRA member groups: workshops and secondments, science competitions and the development of new detectors for outreach activities offer a multitude of possibilities for students to engage with our researchers and to explore the world of cosmic rays. This article provides an overview on all activities offered by OCRA with a particular focus on the 2022 science camp.
Journal Article
Search for long distance correlations between extensive air showers detected by the EEE network
by
Garbini, M.
,
Mazziotta, M. N.
,
Bossini, E.
in
Applied and Technical Physics
,
Atomic
,
Complex Systems
2018
.
A search for long distance correlations between individual Extensive Air Showers (EAS) detected by pairs of MRPC telescopes of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) network was carried out. The search for an anomaly in these events is the purpose of our work. A dataset obtained by all the possible 45 pairs between 10 EEE cluster sites (hosting at least two telescopes), located at relative distances between 86 and 1200km, was analyzed, corresponding to an overall period of 3968 days time exposure. To estimate the possible event excess with respect to the spurious rate, the number of coincidence events was extracted as a function of the time difference between the arrival of the showers in the two sites, from
±
10
s to the smallest time interval where events are still observed. The analysis was done taking into account both the time and orientation correlation between the showers detected by the telescope pairs. A few candidate events with unusually small time difference and angular distance were observed, with a p-value sensibly smaller than a confidence level of 0.05.
Journal Article
Looking at the sub-TeV sky with cosmic muons detected in the EEE MRPC telescopes
by
Garbini, M.
,
Mazziotta, M. N.
,
Bossini, E.
in
Applied and Technical Physics
,
Astronomical maps
,
Atomic
2015
Distributions of secondary cosmic muons were measured by the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) telescopes of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project, spanning a large angular and temporal acceptance through its sparse sites, to test the possibility to search for any anomaly over long runs. After correcting for the time exposure and geometrical acceptance of the telescopes, data were transformed into equatorial coordinates, and equatorial sky maps were obtained from different sites on a preliminary dataset of 110M events in the energy range at sub-TeV scale.
Journal Article
EEE - Extreme Energy Events: an astroparticle physics experiment in Italian High Schools
2016
The Extreme Energy Events project (EEE) is aimed to study Extensive Air Showers (EAS) from primary cosmic rays of more than 1018 eV energy detecting the ground secondary muon component using an array of telescopes with high spatial and time resolution. The second goal of the EEE project is to involve High School teachers and students in this advanced research work and to initiate them in scientific culture: to reach both purposes the telescopes are located inside High School buildings and the detector construction, assembling and monitoring - together with data taking and analysis - are done by researchers from scientific institutions in close collaboration with them. At present there are 42 telescopes in just as many High Schools scattered all over Italy, islands included, plus two at CERN and three in INFN units. We report here some preliminary physics results from the first two common data taking periods together with the outreach impact of the project.
Journal Article
The EEE experiment project: status and first physics results
by
Garbini, M.
,
Bossini, E.
,
Piragino, G.
in
Applied and Technical Physics
,
Atomic
,
Complex Systems
2013
.
The Extreme Energy Events Project is an experiment for the detection of Extensive Air Showers which exploits the Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber technology. At the moment 40 EEE muon telescopes, distributed all over the Italian territory, are taking data, allowing the relative analysis to produce the first interesting results, which are reported here. Moreover, this Project has a strong added value thanks to its effectiveness in terms of scientific communication, which derives from the peculiar way it was planned and carried on.
Journal Article
Observation of the February 2011 Forbush decrease by the EEE telescopes
by
Garbini, M.
,
Bossini, E.
,
Piragino, G.
in
Applied and Technical Physics
,
Atomic
,
Complex Systems
2011
The Forbush decrease following the large X2 solar flare on mid-February 2011 has been observed by the muon telescopes of the EEE Project, which are located in several Italian sites and at CERN. Data from two different telescopes of the EEE network have been analyzed and compared to those measured by neutron monitor stations. The variation of the muon counting rate during the Forbush decrease was also extracted for different intervals of the azimuthal angle of the incoming muons.
Journal Article
Time correlation measurements from extensive air showers detected by the EEE telescopes
by
Garbini, M.
,
Bossini, E.
,
Piragino, G.
in
Applied and Technical Physics
,
Atomic
,
Complex Systems
2013
.
Time correlated events due to cosmic muons from extensive air showers have been detected by means of telescope pairs of the EEE (Extreme Energy Events) Project array. The coincidence rate, properly normalized for detector acceptance, efficiency and altitude location, has been extracted as a function of the relative distance between the telescopes. The results have been also compared with additional measurements carried out by small scintillator detectors at various distances.
Journal Article
Cosmic rays Monte Carlo simulations for the Extreme Energy Events Project
by
Garbini, M.
,
Bossini, E.
,
Piragino, G.
in
Applied and Technical Physics
,
Atomic
,
Complex Systems
2014
The Extreme Energy Events Project (EEE Project) is an innovative experiment to study very high energy cosmic rays by means of the detection of the associated air shower muon component. It consists of a network of tracking detectors installed inside Italian High Schools. Each tracking detector, called EEE telescope, is composed of three Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs). At present, 43 telescopes are installed and taking data, opening the way for the detection of far away coincidences over a total area of about 3 × 10
5
km
2
. In this paper we present the Monte Carlo simulations that have been performed to predict the expected coincidence rate between distant EEE telescopes.
Journal Article
New Eco-gas mixtures for the Extreme Energy Events MRPCs: results and plans
by
Hatzifotiadou, D
,
Rizzi, M
,
Taiuti, M
in
Charge distribution
,
Charge efficiency
,
Gas mixtures
2019
The Extreme Energy Events observatory is an extended muon telescope array, covering more than 10 degrees both in latitude and longitude. Its 59 muon telescopes are equipped with tracking detectors based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber technology with time resolution of the order of a few hundred picoseconds. The recent restrictions on greenhouse gases demand studies for new gas mixtures in compliance with the relative requirements. Tetrafluoropropene is one of the candidates for tetrafluoroethane substitution, since it is characterized by a Global Warming Power around 300 times lower than the gas mixtures used up to now. Several mixtures have been tested, measuring efficiency curves, charge distributions, streamer fractions and time resolutions. Results are presented for the whole set of mixtures and operating conditions, %. A set of tests on a real EEE telescope, with cosmic muons, are being performed at the CERN-01 EEE telescope. The tests are focusing on identifying a mixture with good performance at the low rates typical of an EEE telescope.