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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that aid the body under stress by regulating glucose and free fatty acids. GCs maintain energy homeostasis in multiple tissues, including those in the liver and skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT stores energy as triglycerides, while BAT uses fatty acids for heat generation. The multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways in GC signaling vary with exposure duration, location (adipose tissue depot), and species. Genomic effects occur directly through the cytosolic GC receptor (GR), regulating the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as ATGL and HSL. Non-genomic effects act through mechanisms often independent of the cytosolic GR and happen shortly after GC exposure. Studying the effects of GCs on adipose tissue breakdown and generation (lipolysis and adipogenesis) leads to insights for treatment of adipose-related diseases, such as obesity, coronary disease, and cancer, but has led to controversy among researchers, largely due to the complexity of the process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the genomic and non-genomic effects of GCs on WAT and BAT lipolysis and proposes research to address the many gaps in knowledge related to GC activity and its effects on disease.

Adipose tissue (AT) is a dynamic organ that can change its morphology in response to environmental cues. Expansion or compression in the size of AT depends on the balance between lipogenesis (biosynthesis and storage of triglycerides) and lipolysis (hydrolysis of triglycerides) which can be affected by steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs can work through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR-mediated effects) or exert non-GR mediated effects, which are currently understudied in AT. The purpose of this thesis was to expand the knowledge about GR and non-GR mediated effects of GCs on lipolysis in AT, with a primary focus on elucidating the mechanism behind the non-GR mediated effects of GCs on white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. In this study, 3T3-L1 cells were used as a model of WAT and it was evident that elevated GC levels could decrease lipolysis in short durations, through effects that were independent of GR and gene transcription.

Water pollution from synthetic dyes poses a serious environmental challenge due to their persistence, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. To address this issue, we designed a novel rotary photoreactor employing a titanium dioxide–clay (TiO 2 –clay) nanocomposite immobilized with silicone adhesive for efficient photocatalytic degradation. The optimized TiO 2 –clay composite (TiO 2 /clay = 70:30) exhibited an enhanced BET surface area of 65.35 m 2 /g compared to 52.12 m 2 /g for pure TiO 2 . The point of zero charge (PZC) was determined to be pH 5.8, favoring adsorption of the cationic BR46 dye under near-neutral pH conditions. Under optimal operating parameters—20 mg/L initial dye concentration, 5.5 rpm rotation speed, and 90 min of UV exposure—the system achieved 98% dye removal and 92% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. Kinetic analysis confirmed a pseudo-first-order model (R 2 > 0.97) with an apparent rate constant of 0.0158 min –1 . Radical scavenger experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (OH · ) as the primary oxidative species, consistent with Density Functional Theory (DFT) predictions. GC–MS analysis further verified the degradation of BR46 into non-toxic intermediates. The TiO 2 –clay nanocomposite demonstrated excellent stability and reusability, maintaining > 90% efficiency after six cycles. These findings underline the potential of the TiO 2 –clay rotary photoreactor as a robust and sustainable technology for advanced wastewater treatment.

Objective The most common cancer amongst women is breast cancer. Reports on the role of EBV, BKV, and JCV in the development of breast cancer are controversial. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of EBV, BKV, and JCV in malignant breast tumors in comparison with benign ones. Results A total of 300 breast biopsy tissues were included, of which 150 were malignant and 150 benign. After deparaffinization, tissues were subjected to DNA extraction. β-globin gene was amplified by PCR to evaluate the quality of extracted DNA. In house PCRs assay was performed to detect EBV, JCV, and BKV genome fragment. The mean age of malignant and benign groups was 45.0 ± 9.4 and 35.2 ± 12.1 years old. Out of 150 malignant samples, 146 were ductal, two lobular and two samples both invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma. In the benign group, 96, 52 and two samples were fibroadenoma, fibrocystic, and adenosis types, respectively. Genomic DNA fragment of EBV, BKV, and JCV was not found in any of the malignant and benign breast tissues. Conclusion According to our finding, there is the possibility that EBV, BKV, and JCV are not involved in breast cancer pathogenesis.

Abstract Background Although there is evidence of person-to-person transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in household and healthcare settings, more data are needed to describe and better understand the risk factors and transmission routes in both settings, as well as the extent to which disease severity affects transmission. Methods A seroepidemiological investigation was conducted among MERS-CoV case patients (cases) and their household contacts to investigate transmission risk in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Cases diagnosed between 1 January 2013 and 9 May 2014 and their household contacts were approached for enrollment. Demographic, clinical, and exposure history data were collected. Sera were screened by MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence, with results confirmed by microneutralization assay. Results Thirty-one of 34 (91%) case patients were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and did not require oxygen during hospitalization. MERS-CoV antibodies were detected in 13 of 24 (54%) case patients with available sera, including 1 severely symptomatic, 9 mildly symptomatic, and 3 asymptomatic case patients. No serologic evidence of MERS-CoV transmission was found among 105 household contacts with available sera. Conclusions Transmission of MERS-CoV was not documented in this investigation of mostly asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases and their household contacts. These results have implications for clinical management of cases and formulation of isolation policies to reduce the risk of transmission. Transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was not documented in this seroepidemiologic follow-up investigation of mostly asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases and their household contacts. This may have implications for isolation policies to reduce risk of transmission to others.

We investigate the nonlinear boundary value problems by reproducing kernel Hilbert space technique in this paper. We construct some reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We define a bounded linear operator to obtain the solutions of the problems. We demonstrate our numerical results by some tables. We compare our numerical results with some results exist in the literature to present the efficiency of the proposed method.

Water pollution from synthetic dyes poses a serious environmental challenge due to their persistence, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. To address this issue, we designed a novel rotary photoreactor employing a titanium dioxide-clay (TiO -clay) nanocomposite immobilized with silicone adhesive for efficient photocatalytic degradation. The optimized TiO -clay composite (TiO /clay = 70:30) exhibited an enhanced BET surface area of 65.35 m /g compared to 52.12 m /g for pure TiO . The point of zero charge (PZC) was determined to be pH 5.8, favoring adsorption of the cationic BR46 dye under near-neutral pH conditions. Under optimal operating parameters-20 mg/L initial dye concentration, 5.5 rpm rotation speed, and 90 min of UV exposure-the system achieved 98% dye removal and 92% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. Kinetic analysis confirmed a pseudo-first-order model (R > 0.97) with an apparent rate constant of 0.0158 min . Radical scavenger experiments identified hydroxyl radicals (OH ) as the primary oxidative species, consistent with Density Functional Theory (DFT) predictions. GC-MS analysis further verified the degradation of BR46 into non-toxic intermediates. The TiO -clay nanocomposite demonstrated excellent stability and reusability, maintaining > 90% efficiency after six cycles. These findings underline the potential of the TiO -clay rotary photoreactor as a robust and sustainable technology for advanced wastewater treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin combined with suboptimal radiotherapy doses. Tumor radiosensitization was evaluated on large invasive ductal carcinoma tumors in Balb/C mice. Tumors of an average volume of 630 mm(3) were treated with cisplatin, electric pulses, radiotherapy, electrochemotherapy, alone as well as in appropriate combinations. Tumors were irradiated with Cobalt-60 γ-rays at doses 3 Gy and 5 Gy in combination with electrochemotherapy using cisplatin. Controls included each of the treatments alone as well as the combination of the radiotherapy with electric pulses alone or with cisplatin alone. Antitumor effectiveness was evaluated by tumor growth delay, tumor-doubling time, inhibition ratio and the objective response rates. As anticipated, electrochemotherapy was more effective than the treatment with cisplatin alone or the application of the electric pulses alone. When treatments were combined with tumor irradiation at either 3 or 5 Gy, the combination with electrochemotherapy was more effective: at 5 Gy, 2 animals out of 8 were in complete remission 100 days later. In general the higher 5 Gy dose of γ-radiation was more effective than the lower one of 3 Gy. The results of our study demonstrate that irradiation doses, 3 Gy or 5 Gy, increase the antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin on invasive ductal carcinoma tumors. Good antitumor results were achieved in experimental tumors with a size comparable to clinical lesions, demonstrating that this three-modality combined treatment is useful for the treatment of large lesions even at sub-optimal radiotherapy doses.