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The concentration phase transition (CPT) in a two-dimensional ferromagnet was simulated by the Monte Carlo method. The description of the CPT was carried out using various order parameters (OP): magnetic, cluster, and percolation. For comparison with the problem of the geometric (percolation) phase transition, the thermal effect on the spin state was excluded, and thus, CPT was reduced to percolation transition. For each OP, the values ​​of the critical concentration and critical indices of the CPT are calculated.

Direct laser processing of various materials with nano- and femtosecond (fs) laser pulses is known to be a facile and inexpensive technology for fabrication of various surface morphologies. Since ultrafast deposition of the laser energy to target material typically creates unique experimental conditions with extremely high pressure and temperature, we hypothesized that carrying out this process in anhydrous non-oxidizing environment containing functionalizing agent (fluorophore with vinyl functional group) will allow one-step fabrication and subsequent functionalization of the surface of high-n material. In this paper, we demonstrate successful implementation of this idea by fabricating high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) via direct fs-pulse ablation of bulk crystalline Si wafer immersed in solution of N-vinylcarbazole in toluene. Laser processing with linearly polarized fs-laser pulses was found to produce LIPSS with a characteristic period around 100 nm functionalized with N-vinylcarbazole molecules via photo-activated hydrosililation reaction. The unique LIPSS with hierarchical roughness and remarkable light trapping performance functionalized with sensory fluorophore show high sensitivity due to implementation of surface enhanced fluorescence effect. By using N-vinylcarbazole as functionalizing agent we demonstrate one-step fabrication of high-performance sensor for detecting nitrobenzene in water with a detection limit of 40 nM.

In this work, the sol-gel method was used to prepare composite gels based on 1,2-bis(5-triethoxysilyl-3-thiopentoxy)ethane and tetraethoxysilane, which showed sorption properties for strontium cations. Composite gels with colloidal silica were obtained. The obtained gels possess sorption activity to strontium cations. Template synthesis of gels in the presence of cesium cations was carried out. The results of sorption demonstrate the expected manifestation of the template effect, which determines the selectivity to cesium cations.

Here we present a simple technique for copper (II) detection in aqueous solutions by luminescent dye doped polymeric film. In this study the photoluminescent dye lumocupferon was first embedded in thin films of polysaccharide chitosan. The sensor response is forming by quenching the dye luminescence. This technique can offer a rapid detection of Cu2+ with a dynamic range up to 350 μM.