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Menstruation-related school absenteeism significantly affects girls’ academic progress and general wellbeing. This study aimed to assess menstruation-related school absenteeism in an urban population in the Northern Region of Ghana. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of school absenteeism among girls using a structured questionnaire, which was pretested. The data were analyzed using Stata 16. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including cross-tabulation, the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, were performed. The majority (59%) was between the ages of 15 and 19 years. Approximately one fifth of all respondents missed school during menstruation. Reasons assigned to missing school were menstrual pains (57%), stained clothes (43%), heavy bleeding (40%), and self-stigmatization (2%). The majority (95%) of respondents used some form of materials to absorb menstrual blood. About 88% of respondents used sanitary pads, 11% used cloth, and 1% used tissues to absorb their menstrual blood. The multivariable analysis showed that school girls < 15 years old (AOR: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.02–6.73), first year of Junior High School (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.14–10.22), and public school (AOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.83–6.94) were associated with increased odds of menstruation-related school absenteeism. Menstruation-related school absenteeism is considered high and could affect girls’ educational attainment. School absenteeism due to menstruation, particularly in public schools, warrants attention by the Ghana Education Service.

Background Quality sleep is vital for well-being, especially for healthcare workers facing high risks of fatigue and burnout. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive and motor functions, contributing to medical errors. Addressing sleep disorders among healthcare professionals is crucial for enhancing patient care. Tailored interventions are needed to support their well-being and improve healthcare outcomes. Objective To evaluate the effect of Sleep Quality and its Deprivation on Sudanese Healthcare Professionals amidst conflict in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of Sudanese doctors was conducted using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and psychological well-being. Pilot testing ensured questionnaire clarity. Data collection utilized Google Forms distributed through social media and professional networks. A minimum sample size of 384 was calculated. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and various tests for significance. Data were securely stored and analyzed using SPSS and R software. Results Among 649 participants, 404 (62.2%) were women, with a mean age of 30.34 years. Most were single (434, 66.9%). General practitioners constituted the largest professional group (267, 41.1%), followed by registrars/residents (142, 21.9%). Participants took an average of 43.70 minutes to fall asleep and slept an average of 5.90 hours per night. According to the PSQI, 300 (46.2%) reported mild sleep disturbance, 287 (44.2%) moderate, 42 (6.5%) severe, and only 20 (3.1%) normal sleep. The ESS revealed 285 (43.9%) with lower normal daytime sleepiness, 188 (29.0%) with higher normal, and various levels of excessive daytime sleepiness. Stress levels varied, with 398 (61.3%) reporting normal stress, while anxiety ranged from 248 (38.2%) normal to 148 (22.8%) extremely severe. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of addressing sleep quality, mental health, and performance challenges among Sudanese healthcare professionals. It highlights the need for hospitals to implement measures enabling more time off, adequate sleep, and reduced on-call service days. Healthcare workers must recognize the significance of these factors for their well-being and patient care quality. The research outcomes can raise awareness about the necessity of regulating healthcare practitioners' working hours and ensuring adequate sleep.

The present study was carried out in SHIATS, Allahabad with the objective to calculate the cost of production of Herbal Sandesh. Sandesh is an indigenous milk product used as sweet dairy desserts, prepared by acid and heat coagulation of milk. Ashwagandha traditionally been used for calming the mind, relieving weakness, nervous exhaustion and arthritis, and for building sexual energy. It is beneficial to people who do physical labor or exercise a lot to help the body adapt to physical stress. Tulsi is rich in antioxidants and is suggested to guard against free radicals. It prevents from damaging excess oxidation. Antioxidants slow down the process of excess oxidation and protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Herbal Sandesh prepared by incorporating medicinal herbs showed average of cost. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) are popular medicinal plant and containing antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, adaptogenic, and immune-enhancing properties. The present study was carried out to find the cost of herbal extract inclusion in the Sandesh. Sandesh was prepared by this method was subjected to sensory properties of herbal Sandesh. The result found that A2B2 combination of herbs (2 % Ashwagandha and 2 % Tulsi) was best and received high score in sensory evaluation and cost analysis was followed by A0B0, A0B1, A0B2, A0B3, A1B0, A1B1, A1B2, A1B3, A2B0, A2B1, A2B3, A3B0, A3B1, A3B2 and A3B3 herbs which were used respectively in selected Herbal Sandesh.

Herbal Sandesh prepared by incorporating medicinal herbs showed textural properties. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) are popular medicinal plant that helps to improve textural quality of dairy product. The present studywas carried out to find out the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness measured by texture profile analysis with herbal extract inclusion in the Sandesh. The addition of herbs @ 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% decrease the hardness, springiness, chewiness of Herbal Sandesh and therefore, it increases the cohesiveness of Herbal Sandesh. The result found that best hardness, springiness, chewiness of herbal Sandesh @ 1% Ashwagandha and cohesiveness of herbal Sandesh by inclusion of Ashwagandha @ 3% and Tulsi 3% herbs extract respectively in selected Sandesh compared to @ 0% used of herb in Sandesh. Sandesh was preparedby this method was subjected to sensory properties of herbal Sandesh.