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Pulses are a key source of dietary proteins in human nutrition. Despite several efforts to increase the production, various constraints, such as biotic and abiotic factors, threaten pulse production by various means. Bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) are the serious issue of concern, particularly in storage conditions. Understanding host–plant resistance at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels is the best way to minimize yield losses. The 117 mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes, including endemic wild relatives, were screened for resistance against Callosobruchus chinensis; among them, two genotypes, PRR 2008-2 and PRR 2008-2-sel, which belong to V. umbellata (Thumb.), were identified as highly resistant. The expression of antioxidants in susceptible and resistant genotypes revealed that the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was upregulated in the highly resistant wild Vigna species and lower in the cultivated susceptible genotypes, along with other biomarkers. Further, the SCoT-based genotyping revealed SCoT-30 (200 bp), SCoT-31 (1200 bp) and SCoT-32 (300 bp) as unique amplicons, which might be useful for developing the novel ricebean-based SCAR markers to accelerate the molecular breeding programme.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship among risk aversion, brand trust, brand affect, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty for low involvement day-to-day use of personal care products. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the above-stated objective, a theoretical model was tested using structural equation modeling. Before undertaking the analysis, preliminary analysis techniques such as the common method bias social desirability bias reliability and validity analysis were also assessed. Findings The results indicate that, for low involvement products, risk adverse consumers do not purchase a brand based only on trust. Risk aversion is also positively associated with attitudinal loyalty. When it comes to the relationship between brand trust and brand affect, it has been concluded that brand trust has had an important impact on brand affect. In this study, it has been found that attitudinal loyalty has a positive and strong impact on behavioral loyalty. This paper explains that due to the lack of trust, certain risk adverse customers are sticking with a particular brand. Originality/value Most of the brand loyalty research has been performed on high involvement products, whereas very limited research is available on low involvement day-to-day use products (i.e. personal care products), in particular where the consumption period of the product is less than a month. This kind of research is very rare, and this study has been done to fill this gap using rigorous data analysis.

Mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an important short duration grain legume. The huge demand of mungbean around the world creates a substantial export potential. Pulse beetles ( Callosobruchus spp.) are a key issue of concern among the several threats that limit the production of mungbean, particularly under storage conditions. An investigation was carried out to analyze the polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene family in mungbean and their possible role in bruchid resistance. A pulse beetle resistant wild ricebean genotype belongs to Vigna umbellata (PRR 2008-2) and a susceptible cultivar from V. radiata (Shikha) were used in present study for gene expression profiling. Total of 41 VrPGIP genes were identified in the mungbean genome. All the genes were randomly distributed over the chromosomes. All the 41 VrPGIP genes were grouped into 06 major clades and had single exon except VrPGIP-37 . All the genes comprised of Glyco_Hydro_18 domain. Four candidate genes VrPGIP-17, VrPGIP-18, VrPGIP-21 and VrPGIP-23 were found significantly up-regulated in the PRR 2008-2. These genes may be utilized in the development of resistant varieties against pulse beetle in breeding programme.

Purpose--This study intends to apply Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework to explain the influence of Public Service Advertisements (PSAs) among users towards their action taking behavior. Moreover, the study investigates the relationships among health characteristics, emotions, attitude towards PSAs, and action taking behavior. Design/methodology/approach--A sample of 417 participants were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from patients visiting a pediatrics clinic in a southern Indian city. Covariance based Structural equation modeling was employed to test that the health characteristics of a person influence their involvement in healthcare. Findings--Results indicated that the health characteristics of people directly influence their attitudes towards health related PSAs. Additionally, it was also confirmed that the emotion directly impacts person's involvement with his/her healthcare. Research limitations / implications--Marketers must thoroughly understand the psychology of the consumer and his/her beliefs about a particular drug category before formulating an ad campaign because target audience plays a crucial role in campaign effectiveness of public service advertisements. The challenges increase when the product is health related. Originality/value--Present study used the S-O-R theory to determine the relationships among health characteristics, emotions, attitude towards PSAs and action taking behavior. JEL Classifications: M5, M31, M37 Keywords: public service advertisement, advertising effectiveness, emotion, stimulus-organism-response framework

Cognitive radio and small cells are the promising techniques to minimize energy consumption and satisfy the exponentially increasing data rates for the heterogeneous cellular network (HCN). In this paper, a theoretical framework is developed to calculate the outage probability of the HCN based on the opportunistic utilization of the traditional cellular bandwidth and television white space (TVWS) for the cognitive femto base stations. This work investigates overlay, underlay, mixed overlay-underlay based two tiers cognitive HCN. It also investigates the impact of the TVWS in the overlay-TVWS mixed spectrum sharing technique (SST). Tools from stochastic geometry are used to model cognitive HCN. Furthermore, the tier selection probability, average ergodic rate, area spectral efficiency (ASE), and energy efficiency (EE) of the HCN are also calculated for different SSTs. Numerical results show that mixed SST achieves a significant reduction in tier outage probability and total outage probability as compared to underlay and overlay techniques alone. It is also demonstrated that compared to the traditional single tier network, cognitive based HCN can improve the total ASE and EE of the order of 102 and 10, respectively.

The most harmful storage pest of pulses is known to be the bruchid or pulse beetle, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Chemical insecticides work well to reduce bruchid infestation; however, they have negative effects on the health of food consumers. One of the best mitigating methods among efficient, safe and sustainable strategies to lessen crop losses during storage is the development of pulse-beetle-resistant cultivars. Unfortunately, the majority of pulses lack resistance to the pulse beetle. Consequently, it is necessary to look for pulse beetle resistance in wild and exotic germplasms. Identifying potential donors for pulse beetle resistance and examining their characters in bruchid-susceptible and -resistant genotypes were the goals of the present investigation. Among the tested genotypes, two genotypes, i.e., PRR 2008-2 and PRR 2008-2-sel, were found to be highly resistant, and one accession, TCR-93, was found to be resistant to the pulse beetle. The biochemical basis of resistance modulated by the basal expression of antioxidants in highly resistant genotypes has also been studied. Currently, a quicker option for generating substantial genetic gain for desired trait improvement is molecular breeding. In the present investigation, start codon targets (SCoT) markers were used to analyse the genetic differences. Pulses are a key source of dietary proteins in human nutrition. Despite several efforts to increase the production, various constraints, such as biotic and abiotic factors, threaten pulse production by various means. Bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) are the serious issue of concern, particularly in storage conditions. Understanding host-plant resistance at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels is the best way to minimize yield losses. The 117 mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes, including endemic wild relatives, were screened for resistance against Callosobruchus chinensis; among them, two genotypes, PRR 2008-2 and PRR 2008-2-sel, which belong to V. umbellata (Thumb.), were identified as highly resistant. The expression of antioxidants in susceptible and resistant genotypes revealed that the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was upregulated in the highly resistant wild Vigna species and lower in the cultivated susceptible genotypes, along with other biomarkers. Further, the SCoT-based genotyping revealed SCoT-30 (200 bp), SCoT-31 (1200 bp) and SCoT-32 (300 bp) as unique amplicons, which might be useful for developing the novel ricebean-based SCAR markers to accelerate the molecular breeding programme.

Millimeter wave based small cell deployment is a promising technique for the evolution of fifth generation (5G) cellular network. This paper investigates coverage probability of millimeter wave cellular network (MWCN) over Nakagami- m fading channel. Stochastic geometry based ITU-R statistical model is used for modeling the blockages in MWCN which accounts line of sight (LoS) propagation characteristics of urban environment. SNR distribution is also considered under nearest-neighbor and furthest-neighbor based receiver association schemes for better representation of coverage probability in noise limited environment. Furthermore, new performance metric, namely, area transport efficiency (ATE) is proposed to capture the impact of the different network parameters on the system performance. Numerical results are evaluated to compare the performance of the MWCN under nearest-neighbor and furthest-neighbor based receiver association schemes. It is seen that height of transmitter plays an important role in the performance of the MWCN. It is also observed that furthest-neighbor scheme outperforms nearest-neighbor scheme for low SNR threshold and higher BS heights. Whereas for high SNR threshold performance of nearest-neighbor scheme is better as compared to furthest-neighbor scheme.

Regardless of three decades of implementation of family planning program in Nepal, need of family planning services is largely unmet. Systematic studies evaluating the impact of family program on several ethnic groups of Nepal has not been carried out in large scale. This study sheds light on the investigation of, whether the use of contraceptives varies among different ethnic groups in Nepal and what are the predictors of contraceptive variance in ethnic groups in Nepal. The Materials and methods used in this study is based on data collected from Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2006. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of 10793 married women of reproductive age nested within 264 clusters from the surveys were considered as the sample size. Individual, household, and program variables were set and a multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to analyze the variables, using GLLAMM command in STATA-9. The results of the multilevel logistic regression analysis indicated that Muslims, Dalits and Terai madheshi women were significantly less likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the Brahmins and Chhetries (Higher Castes). Women who were exposed to family planning information in radio were more likely to use modern contraceptives than women not exposed to radio information (OR=1.22, P> 0.01). An odd of using contraceptives by Newar was (OR 1.09, P>0.05), the highest among all ethnic groups. Exposure of women to family planning messages through health facilities, family planning workers, and means of communication, increased the odds of using modern contraceptives. However, impact of the family planning information on contraceptive use varied among ethnicity. Finally the author concluded that special attention need to be paid, in particular to the ethnicity, while formulating family planning policies in Nepal, for better success rate of family planning intervention programs.

Objective: Regardless of three decades of implementation of family planning program in Nepal, need of family planning services is largely unmet. Systematic studies, evaluating the impact of family program on several ethnic groups of Nepal has not been carried out in large scale. This study sheds light on the investigation of, whether the use of contraceptives varies among different ethnic groups in Nepal and what are the predictors of contraceptive variance in ethnic groups in Nepal. Materials and methods: The study is based on data collected from Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2006. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of 10793 married women of reproductive age nested within 264 clusters from the surveys were considered as the sample size. Individual, household, and program variables were set and a multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to analyze the variables, using GLLAMM command in STATA-9. Results: Multilevel logistic regression analysis indicated that Muslims, Dalits and Terai madheshi women were significantly less likely to use modern contraceptives compared to the Brahmins and Chhetries (Higher Castes). Women who were exposed to family planning information in radio were more likely to use modern contraceptives than women not exposed to radio information (OR=1.22, P> 0.01). An odd of using contraceptives by Newar was (OR 1.09, P>0.05), the highest among all ethnic groups. Exposure of women to family planning messages through health facilities, family planning workers, and means of communication, increased the odds of using modern contraceptives. However, impact of the family planning information on contraceptive use varied among ethnicity. Conclusion: Special attention need to be paid, in particular to the ethnicity, while formulating family planning policies in Nepal, for better success rate of family planning intervention programs.