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Recent technological strides, including high-frequency probes and lung ultrasound, have become a crucial non-invasive diagnostic tool in neonatal care, revolutionizing how respiratory conditions are assessed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). High-frequency probes and portable devices significantly enhance the effectiveness of lung ultrasound in identifying respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonia, and pneumothorax, and underscore its growing significance. This comprehensive review explores the historical journey of lung ultrasonography, technological advancements, contemporary applications in neonatal care, emerging trends, and collaborative initiatives, and foresees a future where personalized healthcare optimizes outcomes for neonates.

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) has emerged as one of the rapid prototyping processes in forming 3D-shaped products from design data without much need for human and tool intervention. Past studies show that an extensive focus has been paid on the analysis of surface roughness, clamped accuracy, and energy consumption in terms of machine standby and positioning energy, while very little focus was paid to deformation energy and unclamped accuracy. In this context, system identification-based methods can play a vital role in determining and evaluating hidden relationships between the inputs (tool diameter, wall angle, sheet thickness, and step down) and two characteristics, namely, deformation energy and unclamped accuracy. The present work proposes comprehensive study based on the feedback-evolutionary system identification (FB-ESI) approach in predictive evaluation of multiresponse characteristics. The validation and robustness of the models were done based on statistical error metrics, cross-validation, new complexity metrics, and hypothesis tests. Furthermore, the model analysis based on the parametric and sensitivity procedures resulted in 2D and 3D plots that measure the nature of the two characteristics with respect to each of the four inputs. It was found that sheet thickness and wall angle influence the most the deformation energy and unclamped geometrical accuracy, respectively. The findings from this analysis are useful in monitoring deformation energy and thus promoting greener environment.

A thiourea functionalised fluorescent probe 1-phenyl-3-(pyridin-4-yl)thiourea was synthesized and utilised as a fluorescent turn-on chemosensor for the selective recognition of Hg 2+ ion over competitive metal ions including Na + , Mn 2+ , Li + , Cr 2+ , Ni 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cd 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ and Fe 2+ ions based on the inter-molecular charge transfer (ICT). Intriguingly, the receptor demonstrated unique sensing capabilities for Hg 2+ in DMSO: H 2 O (10:90, v/v). The addition of Hg 2+ ions to the sensor resulted in a blue shift in the absorption intensity and also enhancement in fluorescence intensity at 435 nm. Fluorescence emission intensity increased linearly with Hg 2+ concentration ranging from 0 to 80 µL. The detection limit and binding constant were determined as 0.134 × 10 –6  M and 1.733 × 10 7  M −1 , respectively. The sensing behavior of Hg 2+ was further examined using DLS, SEM and FTIR. The probe could detect Hg 2+ ions across a wide pH range. Furthermore, the receptor L demonstrated good sensing performance for Hg 2+ in bovine serum albumin and actual water samples.

A great deal of effort has been put into developing a novel and cost-effective molecular probe for selective and sensitive recognition of trace amounts of water in organic solvents due to their tremendous advantages in industrial, pharmaceutical, and laboratory-scale chemistry. Herein, a cost-effective chemosensor L has been designed and studied for the detection of trace amounts of water. The addition of water to the DMSO solution of L exhibited an enhancement of fluorescence emission at 460 nm along with a color change from green to colorless. The spectral and color changes occurred due to the self-aggregation of L . The interaction between water and L was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and finally complemented by quantum mechanical calculation. The detection limit was found to be 0.0093 wt% in DMSO. The L also exhibits a fast visual response and is effectively applied to detect trace amounts of moisture in various food materials (salt, sugar, wheat and honey) and building materials (cement, fly ash, limestone and sand).

The binding interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and three pyridine derivatives, i.e., 2-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl) acetic acid ( L1 ), 3-bromo-5-nitropyridine ( L2 ) and 2-chloro-4-nitropyridine ( L3 ), have been carried out using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Fluorescence intensity quenching is observed by adding L2 and L3 to the BSA solution. The quenched fluorescence emission is due to the static nature. An isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiment shows the binding ability of L1 with BSA. The binding constants are found to be 7.23 ± 0.32 × 10 5 M −1 for L1 . The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from ITC measurements (i.e., ∆H = −2.78 ± 0.08 kcal/mol, ∆G = −5.65 ± 0.25 kcal/mol, and -T∆S = −2.87 ± 0.11 kcal/mol), which indicated that the protein-ligand complex formation between L1 and BSA is mainly due to the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and structure activity and relationship (SAR) studies have been carried out to establish the relationship between ligands and proteins. Additionally, we conducted an antibacterial assay with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , and negative bacterial strains Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli against L1 , L2 , and L3 , aiming to address the challenges posed by the co-existence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, drosophila is used to test the cytotoxicity of ligands L1 , L2 , and L3 ’s in vitro.

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine based Schiff base ( L ) acts as an effective fluorescence sensor for the selective detection of maleic acid. The detection limit of L towards maleic acid is observed to be 1.29 × 10 −7 M. A 1:1 binding stoichiometry between L and maleic acid was obtained using Bensi-Hilderbrand method. The binding constant ( K a ) was measured to be 5.17 × 10 6 M −1 . The sensing behavior of L was confirmed through analysis using FT-IR, DLS and SEM analysis, alongside DFT calculations. Theoretical assessments clearly suggest that the L’s mono-protonation and complexation in the solvent medium are the primary mechanisms in the sensing process. Additionally, L is used to imaging the maleic acid in living cells, demonstrating its potential biological uses. In addition, recognition of maleic acid in food additives was reported.

In this study, we aimed to explore the interaction mechanism between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a Schiff base compound derived from 2,4-dinotrophenyl hydrazine ( L ) using various spectroscopic techniques. The interaction between BSA and synthesizing molecule can provide insights into binding affinity, conformational changes and potential applications in drug delivery or biochemistry. The interaction between BSA and L was studied by using UV-Vis and fluorescence titration analysis. The fluorescence quenching emission was observed at 343 nm, upon addition of L to the buffer solution of BSA. The binding between BSA and ligand is static in nature using fluorescence quenching emission. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the temperature-dependent binding constants (i.e., ∆H = -0.318 kcal/mol, ∆G = -7.857 kcal/mol and ∆S = 0.023 kcal/mol), which indicated that the protein-ligand complex formation between L and BSA is mainly due to the electrostatic interactions. The experimental and theoretical results showed excellent agreement with respect to the mechanism of binding and binding constants. The molecular docking and molecular dynamic analysis experiments were performed to establish the interaction between protein and ligand.

The objective of this reporting is to contribute important insights to the extant body of knowledge in agile supply chain (ASC). An approach based on generalized trapezoidal fuzzy set has been adopted for agility appraisal in supply chain. An ASC is frequently considered as a dominant competitive advantage. Complexity and vagueness involved in agility evaluation process must be considered precisely for agility estimation for an ASC system. Fuzzy set theory has been efficiently explored in order to assess the contributions of complicated agility capabilities in an ambiguous fuzzy environment. Application of the said approach as a decision support system evidently helps the management practitioners to conduct gap analysis between existent agility level and the desired one and also provides reliable information for decision making. The proposed procedure has efficiently been applied to a large-scale automobile manufacturing company in India, as a case study.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of decision-makers risk bearing attitude and the effect of decision-making environment on estimating overall organizational agility degree. The present study explores an extended agility model in a specific organization’s hierarchy and reflects how decision-making attitude alters organizational agility scenario. Design/methodology/approach The concept of fuzzy logic has been explored in this paper. Based on decision-makers linguistic judgment corresponding fuzzy appropriateness rating as well as fuzzy priority weights have been determined for different levels of agile system hierarchy. Using multi-grade fuzzy approach overall agility index has been determined. The concept of fuzzy numbers ranking has been explored to exhibit the effect of decision-making attitude towards agility estimation. Findings Decision-making attribute i.e. the category of decision-makers, viz. neutral, risk avertor, and risk lover effects on the quantitative evaluation of the overall agility degree, which is to be correlated finally to a predefined agility measurement scale. Research limitations/implications The study explores triangular fuzzy membership function to express decision-makers linguistic judgments into fuzzy representations. Apart from triangular fuzzy numbers, trapezoidal, Gaussian fuzzy numbers may also be used for agility evaluation. The model may be used to a set of agile industries for benchmarking and selection of the best one. Practical implications It is an important managerial decision to select the particular decision-making group to compute and analyze agility level for a particular organization. In case of benchmarking of various agile enterprises the decision-making group bearing same attitude should be utilized. Originality/value Agile system modeling and development of agility appraisement platform have been attempted by previous researchers while the influence of decision-makers risk bearing attitude and the effect of decision-making environment on estimating overall agility degree has rarely been attempted by the pioneers. In this context, the present study explores an exhaustive agility model towards implementing in a case study and reveals how decision-making attitude alters organizational agility scenario.

In this study, the transport properties, such as diffusivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, of 4He at the gaseous phase are computed for state points in the temperature range of 10 K to 150 K and pressure range of 0.10 MPa (1 atm) to 0.21 MPa using classical and quantum frameworks. Within the classical molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), the Green-Kubo (GK) approach is used. The GK method has an inherent uncertainty associated with it due to the random fluctuations in the flux autocorrelation functions. Moreover, in the temperature range of 10 K to 40 K, the quantum nature of the helium gas particles becomes prominent. The classical MDS performed does not include these effects and hence introduces uncertainties in the calculated results. We discuss efficient ways of time averaging the autocorrelation function to reduce statistical fluctuations and perform the quantum scattering phase shift calculations within the Chapman-Cowling theory to study the quantum effects. Furthermore, this study also provides the transport properties data in the cryogenic temperature limit of 10 K to 150 K, which is scarcely studied in the literature and can be applied in complex systems.