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“Bodies on Borders” examines the encounter in turn of the twentieth century New Mexico between Anglo American newcomers, whose symbols and social institutions divided the populace according to binary racial and sexual distinctions, and native New Mexicans, for whom an alternate, at times more fluid, set of social distinctions determined appropriate public conduct, legitimate political participation, and the composition of the body politic. Using a range of research methods and primary sources like medical journals, newspapers, criminal and marriage records, and US Indian School documents, I argue that contests over certain body practices (length of hair, dress and bodily display, position of sexual intercourse, burial traditions, patterns of consumption and elimination) offer an especially clear view of the efforts to establish and maintain social order in a rapidly modernizing New Mexico. “Bodies on Borders” concludes that the description and classification of particular bodies and body practices proved fundamental to the creation of social order and the constitution of the body politic in New Mexico between 1880 and 1920. The project also explores how those constituted as “others” by Anglo discourse appropriated the terms of their exclusion and in the process helped craft a competing vision of modernity. New Mexico at the turn of the twentieth century, I suggest, stood poised at the literal and figurative borderlands between the United States, Latin America, and modernity.

We present a design and construction prescription for a 1-GHz repetition rate Ti:sapphire laser pumped with a single green pump diode and with a resonator comprising as few as three optical elements. In a three-element configuration, the laser produces 111-fs pulses and exhibits self-starting Kerr-lens modelocking at pump powers above 850 mW. At 1.1 W of pump power, the average output of the laser is over 116 mW, and the slope efficiency is measured to be 13%. With the addition of a fourth dispersion-compensating element to optimise the second-order group-delay intracavity dispersion, we have demonstrated a reduction of the pulse durations to 87 fs with an average power of 108 mW.

Background. We aimed to evaluate treatment responses to atazanavir plus ritonavir (ATV/r) or efavirenz (EFV) in initial antiretroviral regimens among women and men, and determine if treatment outcomes differ by sex. Methods. We performed a randomized trial of open-label ATV/r or EFV combined with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 1857 human immunodeficiency virus type 1–infected, treatmentnaive persons enrolled between September 2005 and November 2007 at 59 sites in the United States and Puerto Rico. Associations of sex with 3 primary study endpoints of time to virologie failure, safety, and tolerability events were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Model-based population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM version VII). Results. Of 1857 participants, 322 were women. Women assigned to ATV/r had a higher risk of virologie failure with either nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone than women assigned to EFV, or men assigned to ATV/r. The effects of ATV/r and EFV upon safety and tolerability risk did not differ significantly by sex. With ABC/3TC, women had a significantly higher (32%) safety risk compared to men; with TDF/FTC, the safety risk was 20% larger for women compared to men, but not statistically significant. Women had slower ATV clearance and higher predose levels of ATV compared to men. Self-reported adherence did not differ significantly by sex. Conclusions. This is the first randomized clinical trial to identify a significantly earlier time to virologie failure in women randomized to ATV/r compared to women randomized to EFV. This finding has important clinical implications given that boosted protease inhibitors are often favored over EFV in women of childbearing potential. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00118898.