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"Mitterauer, Michael"
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Why Europe?
Why did capitalism and colonialism arise in Europe and not elsewhere? Why were parliamentarian and democratic forms of government founded there? What factors led to Europe’s unique position in shaping the world? Thoroughly researched and persuasively argued, Why Europe? tackles these classic questions with illuminating results. Michael Mitterauer traces the roots of Europe’s singularity to the medieval era, specifically to developments in agriculture. While most historians have located the beginning of Europe’s special path in the rise of state power in the modern era, Mitterauer establishes its origins in rye and oats. These new crops played a decisive role in remaking the European family, he contends, spurring the rise of individualism and softening the constraints of patriarchy. Mitterauer reaches these conclusions by comparing Europe with other cultures, especially China and the Islamic world, while surveying the most important characteristics of European society as they took shape from the decline of the Roman empire to the invention of the printing press. Along the way, Why Europe? offers up a dazzling series of novel hypotheses to explain the unique evolution of European culture.
eBook
Exceptionalism? European history in a global context
(Translation: Stefan Menhofer, 2004, revised by Peter Burke, 2005) The question: ‘How to write the history of Europe?’ can only be answered in context. The reply depends on what sort of readership one wants to write for, what ideas one entertains about tasks of exploring and conveying historical studies, how one views the relation of European history to other forms of historiography. The following reflections seek to take up and connect with one another two strands of historiographical discussion which are surprisingly disconnected, namely the discussions about concepts of European history and of global history. Suggestions for a European history in a global context, such as are presented here under the heading ‘exceptionalism’, are based not only on theoretical reflections but also on several attempts to put them into practice over the past few years.
Journal Article
Debatte: \Von der Historischen Sozialwissenschaft zur Historischen Anthropologie?\
This article deals with two different approaches in the german historiography. The \"Historical Social Science\"-approach claims to have a general perspective, which needs a close link to the systematic social science, especially with sociology, political science and economics. Structures and processes of social changes should be explored and illustrated. Therefore, the structures of social stratification, of political power, and of economic developments are in the centre of the interest. On the other hand, the meaning of \"Historical Anthropology\" cannot be defined in the same precise manner as that of \"Historical Social Science\" — dued to the heterogeneous research orientations that are trying to promote a common initiative under the title \"Historical Anthropology\". Focus of interest is the diversity and inconsistency of the ways people adapting the world. The approaches to this problem are very different. Therefore, Historical Anthropology does not stand for a closed concept with respect to contents and methodology. But because of the central issue of essential human existence and elementary situations a new interesting perspective to the phenomena of the rapid social change is given, which occurs since the middle of this century.
Journal Article
Debate: \On Historical Social Science and Historical Anthropology\
This article deals with two different approaches in German historiography. The \"historical social science\" approach claims to have a general perspective, requiring close links to systematic social science, especially with sociology, political science, & economics. Structures & processes of social changes should be explored & illustrated. Therefore, the structures of social stratification, political power, & economic developments are the center of the interest. The other approach, that of \"historical anthropology,\" which cannot be defined in the same precise manner as that of \"historical social science\" -- due to the heterogeneous research orientations found under this rubric. Focus is on the diversity & inconsistency found in the ways in which people adapt to the world. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
Peasant and Non-Peasant Family Forms in Relation to the Physical Environment and the Local Economy
The theoretical basis of this article is the concept of ecotypes, as it has been developed by Scandinavian cultural anthropologists. With quantitative as well as qualitative sources from the eastern Alpine region, the idea of ecotypes is used to investigate the relationship between family structure and labor organization in agricultural society. An implication of this study is that protoindustrialization theory must be modified, differentiated, and expanded. The large variety of family forms of peasants and smallholders, as they are shaped by the organization of labor, is contrasted to the simplified model of a peasant and protoindustrial family economy.
Journal Article