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The purpose of this study was to investigate the health literacy level and influencing factors of patients with ischemic stroke. A cross-sectional study was conducted. We used convenient sampling to recruit potential participants. Patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University in China from January 2022 to May 2023 were selected as subjects to complete the questionnaire survey. We used the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale to assess the neurological impairment of patients and the Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients to assess the health literacy level of patients. The overall health literacy level of ischemic stroke patients was high (99.13 ± 10.15). Age, education level, per capita monthly family income, living situations and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were independent risk factors affecting the health literacy level of patients with ischemic stroke. Patients with a higher education level (β = 0.151, P = 0.006) and higher per capita monthly family income (β = 0.179, P = 0.001) had higher levels of health literacy. Patients who lived with their spouses (β = -0.117, P = 0.012) had higher health literacy. Patients at an older age (β = -0.151, P = 0.001) and patients with higher NIHSS scores (β = -0.450, P = 0.001) had lower health literacy levels. Age, education level, family per capita monthly income, living situations and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score were related to the health literacy level of patients with ischemic stroke. According to these associated factors, targeted health education should be developed to improve the health literacy of patients and health outcomes.

Background . The relationship among comfort, perceived social support, and hope should still be further explored. Clarifying the relationship between the aforementioned variables can enable clinical staff to implement tailored and effective intervention strategies for enhancing the management and quality of care of patients with ischemic stroke. Aim . This study aims to investigate the relationship between comfort, perceived social support, and hope in hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke and to explore the mediating effect of perceived social support on comfort and hope. Methods . A correlational cross‐sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted from January to August 2023 among 572 patients with acute ischemic stroke, and finally 534 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis. The general information questionnaire, Modified Barthel Index, Shortened General Comfort Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Herth Hope Index were utilized for investigation. Mediation analysis was performed by structural equation modelling. Indirect effects were evaluated through bootstrapping. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program packages, namely, SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 24.0 . Results . The comfort, perceived social support, and hope scores of patients with acute ischemic stroke were 94.1 (11.92), 72.74 (10.26), and 40.55 (4.99), respectively. The participants’ hope was positively related to comfort ( r  = 0.531, p < 0.001) and perceived social support ( r  = 0.589, p < 0.001). Perceived social support exerts a partial mediating role between comfort and hope, and the mediating effect was 0.159 (95% CI [0.117, 0.210]), accounting for 25.0% of the total effect. Conclusion . We reported that comfort—directly and indirectly—exerts a positive impact on hope. Particularly, perceived social support enhances the impact of comfort on hope; perceived social support mediates the relationship between comfort and hope. Clinical staff should correctly understand the relationship among the three variables; they should effects targeted strategies to enhance patient comfort and social support, thereby increasing the hope level among ischemic stroke patients and bolstering confidence in disease management. Implications for Nursing Management . This study demonstrates that comfort and perceived social support serve as protective factors for hope among ischemic stroke patients. This observation provides evidence supporting the optimization of management for ischemic stroke patients from the perspectives of the cognitive adaptation theory and comfort theory. The findings of this study contribute to a more optimal understanding among clinical caregivers regarding the mechanisms underlying the relationship between comfort, social support, and hope, and it facilitates the adoption of effective intervention strategies for promoting the psychological management of ischemic stroke patients and enhancing patient care quality.

Background The filamentous temperature-sensitive H protease ( ftsH ) gene family plays an important role in plant growth and development. FtsH proteins belong to the AAA protease family. Studies have shown that it is a key gene for plant chloroplast development and photosynthesis regulation. In addition, the ftsH gene is also involved in plant response to stress. At present, the research and analysis of the ftsH gene family are conducted in microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Oenococcus and various plants such as Arabidopsis, pear, rice, and corn. However, analysis reports on ftsH genes from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.), an important model plant, are still lacking. Since ftsH genes regulate plant growth and development, it has become necessary to systematically study this gene in an economically important plant like tobacco. Results This is the first study to analyze the ftsH gene from Nicotiana tabacum L. K326 ( NtftsH ). We identified 20 ftsH genes from the whole genome sequence, renamed them according to their chromosomal locations, and divided them into eight subfamilies. These 20 NtftsH genes were unevenly distributed across the 24 chromosomes. We found four pairs of fragment duplications. We further investigated the collinearity between these genes and related genes in five other species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis identified differential expression patterns of NtftsH in different tissues and under various abiotic stress conditions. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the NtftsH gene family. The exon–intron structure and motif composition are highly similar in NtftsH genes that belong to the same evolutionary tree branch. Homology analysis and phylogenetic comparison of ftsH genes from several different plants provide valuable clues for studying the evolutionary characteristics of NtftsH genes. The NtftsH genes play important roles in plant growth and development, revealed by their expression levels in different tissues as well as under different stress conditions. Gene expression and phylogenetic analyses will provide the basis for the functional analysis of NtftsH genes. These results provide a valuable resource for a better understanding of the biological role of the ftsH genes in the tobacco plant.

Organisms have sophisticated subcellular compartments containing enzymes that function in tandem. These confined compartments ensure effective chemical transformation and transport of molecules, and the elimination of toxic metabolic wastes 1 , 2 . Creating functional enzyme complexes that are confined in a similar way remains challenging. Here we show that two or more enzymes with complementary functions can be assembled and encapsulated within a thin polymer shell to form enzyme nanocomplexes. These nanocomplexes exhibit improved catalytic efficiency and enhanced stability when compared with free enzymes. Furthermore, the co-localized enzymes display complementary functions, whereby toxic intermediates generated by one enzyme can be promptly eliminated by another enzyme. We show that nanocomplexes containing alcohol oxidase and catalase could reduce blood alcohol levels in intoxicated mice, offering an alternative antidote and prophylactic for alcohol intoxication. Two or more enzymes encapsulated in a thin polymer shell can lower blood alcohol levels in intoxicated mice, offering a way to prevent liver injury arising from the overconsumption of alcohol.

The potential influence of natural variations in a climate system on global warming can change the hydrological cycle and threaten current strategies of water management. A simulation-based linear fractional programming (SLFP) model, which integrates a runoff simulation model (RSM) into a linear fractional programming (LFP) framework, is developed for optimal water resource planning. The SLFP model has multiple objectives such as benefit maximization and water supply minimization, balancing water conflicts among various water demand sectors, and addressing complexities of water resource allocation system. Lingo and Excel programming solutions were used to solve the model. Water resources in the main stream basin of the Songhua River are allocated for 4 water demand sectors in 8 regions during two planning periods under different scenarios. Results show that the increase or decrease of water supply to the domestic sector is related to the change in population density at different regions in different target years. In 2030, the water allocation in the industrial sector decreased by 1.03–3.52% compared with that in 2020, while the water allocation in the environmental sector increased by 0.12–1.29%. Agricultural water supply accounts for 54.79–77.68% of total water supply in different regions. These changes in water resource allocation for various sectors were affected by different scenarios in 2020; however, water resource allocation for each sector was relatively stable under different scenarios in 2030. These results suggest that the developed SLFP model can help to improve the adjustment of water use structure and water utilization efficiency.

Changes in precipitation have a great influence on human beings. The study of precipitation can aid in understanding regional climate change characteristics and the hydrological cycle. Therefore, in this study, the standardized precipitation index is combined with a simple linear regression test, Mann–Kendall trend analysis, Sen's slope method, principal component analysis and partial correlation analysis to study precipitation and drought distributions in the Songhua River Basin and the causes of precipitation changes in this area. The results are as follows: (1) The average annual precipitation change in this area is not significant, but there are significant differences in seasonal precipitation changes. (2) On a long-term time scale, this area presents a wet trend from southeast to northwest. On a short-term time scale, spring and winter show a wet trend. Winter has changed significantly. Summer and autumn show a dry trend. (3) The average annual and rainy season (RS) precipitation shows step change characteristics. Precipitation change in RS is the main reason for annual precipitation change. (4) The Asian meridional circulation/zonal index have significant effects on precipitation and dry/wet changes in this area. The western Pacific subtropical high and the East Asian summer monsoon are also important factors in this area.