Explore the vast range of titles available.

The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for evaluating long‐term glycemic control, offering a more comprehensive assessment compared with conventional glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements. Elevated HGI levels are significantly correlated with the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). This review synthesizes current evidence on the clinical utility of the HGI across coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM), serum uric acid (SUA) levels, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), thereby providing clinicians with an enhanced framework for precise disease stratification, therapeutic optimization, and prognostic prediction.

Introduction Individual who have both diabetes and depression are at a higher risk of experiencing adverse health outcomes. However, the association between urine albumin levels and mortality in individuals with both diabetes and depression has not been examined. Materials and methods We estimate the prevalence of coexisting diabetes and depression within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort. Subsequently, we examined the association between urinary protein levels and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in this population. Individuals were divided into three groups based on urinary protein concentrations: Quantile 1 to Quantile 3. Results The prevalence of coexisting diabetes and depression was found to be 1.91%, rising from 1.07% in 2005 to 2.11% in 2018. During a median follow-up period of 75 months, the all-cause mortality in Quantiles 1, 2, and 3 were 50 (11.26%), 60 (17.17%), and 106 (29.22%) cases, respectively ( p  < 0.001). Cardiovascular mortality was also higher in Quantile 2 (6.30%) and Quantile 3 (7.54%) compared to Quantile 1 (1.66%). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, elevated urine albumin levels remained independently related to a higher risk of all-cause mortality (Quantile 3 vs. Quantile 1: HR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.71 to 5.39) as well as cardiovascular mortality (Quantile 3 vs. Quantile 1: HR = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.44 to 8.76). Conclusions The prevalence of concurrent diabetes and depression has risen notably, and higher urine albumin levels are independently related to a high risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals who have both conditions.

The growing recognition of mulberries as a potent source of bioactive and nutritional compounds, coupled with their increasing global consumption, underscores the need for efficient off-season cultivation. This study explores the influence of both in-season and off-season cultivation on the yield, bioactive components, and antioxidant activity of ‘Taiwan Changguosang’ (Morus laevigata Wall.) in a greenhouse setting. Despite the lower fruit yield during the off-season, the off-season fruit exhibits higher levels of bioactive compounds, including total anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonoids compared to its in-season counterpart. Additionally, the off-season fruit demonstrates enhanced DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), attributed to climatic conditions during fruit development, particularly air temperature and solar radiation. Moreover, the off-season fruit proves to be more palatable, showcasing a favorable balance between sugar and acid. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis revealed a close association between antioxidant activity and the chemical contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids. This study underscores the feasibility and benefits of off-season cultivation for enhancing the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of mulberries, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices.

Mulberry (Morus L.) has become an important crop throughout the world due to its fruits have been industrially exploited for various commercially valuable products. Many studies on mulberry related to genetic diversity, fruit quality, and breeding programs have been carried out, but little information on mulberry rootstocks is available, especially the possibility of applying grafting to improve the fruit quality. Here, we evaluated the effects of 8 different rootstocks on the fruit quality of ‘Zijing’ mulberry. Twelve fruit quality traits were extremely different except for the fruit shape index (FSI). ‘Zijing’ on ‘Zheza 2’ had the highest fruit weight (FW) and size, as well as titratable acidity (TA), but lower levels of other compounds content except the total soluble solids content (TSS) were detected. ‘Yuesang 51’ exhibited the highest soluble sugar content (SSC), reducing sugar content (RSC), SSC/TA ratio, anthocyanin content (AC) and the lower TA. In contrast, the lowest TSS, SSC and RSC were shown in ‘Guisang 5’. Moreover, ‘Guisang 12’ exhibited the highest TSS and soluble protein content (SPC). The highest vitamin C content (VC) was observed in ‘Guisang 6’. ‘Tang 10 × Lun109’, Zhenzhubai seedlings, ‘Yuesang 11’ together with ‘Yuesang 51’ had the lowest and similar levels of TA. Most importantly, these fruit quality traits were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), and ‘Yuesang 51’ with good comprehensive fruit quality was screened out, followed by ‘Guisangyou 12’. Overall, these results contribute to evaluating the roles of different rootstocks on improving fruit quality of mulberry.

Chinese pollination-constant and non-astringent persimmon (C-PCNA) has important application values in the genetic improvement of PCNA for its trait of natural deastringency controlled by a single dominant gene. However, the key genes and the regulatory networks are still not fully understood. The process of C-PCNA natural deastringency may be associated with the acetaldehyde-mediated coagulation of soluble tannins, but the functions of ALDH2 genes related to the metabolism of acetaldehyde are not clear. In this work, three types of persimmon cultivars, ‘Eshi 1’ and ‘Luotian Tianshi’ (C-PCNA type), ‘Youhou’ (J-PCNA type), and ‘Mopanshi’ (non-PCNA type), were sampled. Two members of ALDH2 family genes, DkALDH2a and DkALDH2b , were isolated from ‘Eshi 1’ persimmon fruit. Gene expression patterns indicated that they may be involved in “coagulation effect”, which leads to natural deastringency in C-PCNA persimmon fruit. Transient expression in ‘Eshi 1’ leaves further demonstrated that their expression can reduce the consumption of soluble tannins and inhibit the astringency removal process. Therefore, DkALDH2a and DkALDH2b are negatively correlated with natural deastringency in C-PCNA persimmon.

Coronary microembolization (CME) is defined as atherosclerotic plaque erosion, spontaneous rupture, or rupture of the plaque while undergoing interventional therapy resulting in the formation of tiny emboli that obstruct the coronary microcirculatory system. For percutaneous coronary intervention, CME is a major complication, with a periprocedural incidence of up to 25%. Recent studies have demonstrated that regulatory cell death (RCD) exerts a profound influence on CME through its modulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell death, and angiogenesis. RCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, is a unique class of genetically highly regulated death patterns pervasive in instances of coronary microembolization. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently known molecular mechanisms underlying CME. Further investigations of the RCD mechanisms may unravel new avenues for the prevention and treatment of CME.

Coronary microembolization (CME) is a serious cardiovascular complication that causes severe cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Glutathione (GSH) exhaustion-induced oxidative stress is a key contributor to CME. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying GSH imbalance during CME. We show that CME induces myocardial injury by disturbing GSH homeostasis, which is ameliorated by glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) or glutaminase (GLS) overexpression. Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) removes H3K9me1/2 from the promoter regions of GCLM and GLS to promote their epigenetic expression, thereby maintaining GSH homeostasis in CME. KDM1A is ubiquitinated at the K355 site during CME via inhibiting ubiquitin-specific peptidase 16 (USP16)-mediated deubiquitination. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) facilitates S-nitrosylation (SNO) of USP16 at the C731 site, contributing to KDM1A ubiquitination and causing GSH imbalance during CME. Altogether, SNO-USP16 inhibition stabilizes the KDM1A protein to epigenetically activate GCLM and GLS, thus maintaining GSH homeostasis and relieving CME-induced myocardial injury.

The disruption of epithelial barrier integrity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of various immune disorders. However, the restitution of the compromised barrier functions is difficult. This study investigates the regulation of TWIK-related potassium channel-1 （Trek1） in the restitution of intestinal epithelial barrier functions. The human colon epithelial cell line T84 was cultured in monolayers and used to observe epithelial barrier functions in vitro. An intestinal allergy mouse model was created. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. The results showed that Trek1 deficiency induced T84 monolayer barrier disruption. Allergic responses markedly suppressed the expression of Trek1 in the intestinal epithelia via activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and increasing the expression of histone deacetylase-1. The inhibition of histone deacetylase-1 by sodium butyrate or the administration of a butyrate-producing probiotic （Clostridium butyricum） restored the intestinal epithelial barrier functions and markedly enhanced the effect of antigen-specific immunotherapy. The data suggest that Trek1 is required for the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Allergic responses induce an insufficiency of Trek1 expression in the intestinal epithelia. Trek1 expression facilitates the restoration of intestinal epithelial barrier functions in an allergic environment.

We assessed the safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of two- and three-dose schedules of the novel bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine (HPV-2, Walrinvax) in the per-protocol target population of initially seronegative 9–14 year-old girls, including a non-inferiority comparison with the three-dose schedule in 18–26 year-old women. This randomized phase 3b trial in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, involved healthy Chinese females in two age cohorts; 600 girls aged 9–14 years and 300 women aged 18–26 years. Girls were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either two (Months 0,6) or three (Months 0,2,6) intramuscular doses of HPV-2. All participants were monitored for immunogenicity as neutralizing antibodies up to 36 months. Primary objectives were non-inferiority analyses of immunogenicity between two- and three-dose girl groups and adult women at Month 7; safety assessments were based on participant-completed diary cards. All groups demonstrated marked increases in neutralizing antibodies against HPV 16 and 18 that persisted above baseline to 36 months. Month 7 responses in both girl groups were non-inferior to those in the women and were statistically higher after two-doses than girls or women who received three doses. GMTs waned after month 7, but then maintained a plateau level until month 36. Vaccination was well tolerated in all groups with no serious adverse events reported. Immune responses to two doses of HPV-2 vaccine in adolescent girls were non-inferior to those after three doses in young women, an age cohort in which clinical efficacy of HPV-2 against cervical cancer has been demonstrated.

Background： Polyphamlacy and potentially inappropriate medications （PIMs） are prominent prescribing issties in elderly patients. This study was to investigate the different prevalence of PIM use in elderly inpatients between 65-70 years of age and 80 years or older, who were discharged from Geriatric Depamnent in West China Hospital. Methods： A large-scale cohort of 1796 inpatients aged 65 years or over was recruited. Respectively. 618 patients were 65 79 years and 1178 patients were 80 years or older. Updated 2012 Beers Criteria by the Anaerican Geriatric Society was applied to assess the use of PIM among the investigated samples. Results： A review of the prescribed medications identified 686 patients aged 80 years or older constimed at least one PIM giving a rate of 58.2%. Conversely, 268 （43.4%） patients aged 65-79 years consumed at least one PIM （x^2=40.18, P 〈 0.001）. Patients aged 80 years or older had higher hospitalization expenses, length of stay, co-morbidities, medical prescription, and mortality than patients aged 65-79 years （all with P 〈 0.001 ）. Patients aged 80 years or older were prescribed with more benzodiazepines, drugs with strong anticholmergic properties, megestrol, antipsychotics, theophylline, and aspirin. In multiple regression analysis, PIM use was significantly associated with female gender, age, number of diagnostic disease, and number of prescribed medication. Conclusions： The finding from this study revealed that inpatients aged 80 years or older encountered more PIM use than those aged 65-79 years. Anticholinergic properties, megestrol. antipsychotics, theophylline, and aspirin are medications that often prescribed to inpatients aged 80 years or older. Doctors should carefully choose drugs for the elderly, especially the elderly aged 80 years or older.