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"Mocombe, Paul"
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The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
This work explores and highlights how the African religion of Vodou and its ethic (i.e. syncretism, materialism, holism, communalism) gave rise to the Haitian spirit of communism in the provinces, mountains and urban slums of Haiti, which would be juxtaposed against the Catholic/Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism of the white, mulatto and petit-bourgeois classes (i.e. the Affranchis of the island). This latter worldview, I go on to argue, exercised by the free bourgeois blacks and mulatto elites on the island undermined the revolutionary and independence movement of Haiti, and made it an apartheid state.
Journal Article
The Vodou ethic and the spirit of Communism
Using a variant of structuration theory, what Paul C. Mocombe calls phenomenological structuralism, this work explores and highlights how the African religion of Vodou and its ethic gave rise to the Haitian spirit of communism and the \"counter-plantation system\" (Jean Casimir's term) in the provinces and mountains of Haiti.
eBook
Language, Literacy, and Pedagogy in Postindustrial Societies
In postindustrial economies such as the United States and Great Britain, the black/white achievement gap is perpetuated by an emphasis on language and language skills, with which black American and black British-Caribbean youths often struggle. This work analyzes the nature of educational pedagogy in the contemporary capitalist world-system under American hegemony. Mocombe and Tomlin interpret the role of education as an institutional or ideological apparatus for capitalist domination, and examine the sociolinguistic means or pedagogies by which global and local social actors are educated within the capitalist world-system to serve the needs of capital; i.e., capital accumulation. Two specific case studies, one in the United States and one in the United Kingdom, are utilized to demonstrate how contemporary educational emphasis on language and literacy parallels the organization of work and contributes to the debate on academic underachievement of black students vis-a-vis their white and Asian counterparts.
eBook
Practical Reason in Haitian Idealism
Unlike German Idealism whose intellectual development from Kant to Schopenhauer, Hegel, Marx, Husserl, Heidegger, and the Frankfurt school produced the dialectic, phenomenology, and deontological ethics, Haitian Idealism produces phenomenology and an antidialectic process to history enframed by a reciprocal justice as its normative ethics, which is constantly being invoked by individual social actors to reconcile the noumenal (sacred—ideational) and phenomenal (profane—material) subjective world in order to maintain balance and harmony between the two so that the human actor can live freely and happy. In this work I argue that the originating moments of the Haitian Revolution and its call for total freedom and equality demonstrates the antidialectical and normative processes of Haitian idealism, while the creation of the phenomenal world of subjective experiences according to ones capacity, modality, developmental stage (both spiritual, physical, and mental), and spiritual court is symptomatic of the phenomenological development in Haitian Idealism and its afeminist epistemology.
Journal Article
The African-Americanization of the black diaspora in globalization or the contemporary capitalist world-system
This work sets forth the argument that in the age of (neoliberal) globalization, black people around the world are ever-so slowly becoming \"African-Americanized\". They are integrated and embourgeoised in the racial-class dialectic of black America by the material and ideological influences of the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism as promulgated throughout the diaspora by two social class language games of the black American community: the black underclass (Hip-Hop culture), speaking for and representing black youth practical consciousness; and black American charismatic liberal/conservative bourgeois Protestant preachers like TD Jakes, Creflo Dollar, etc., speaking for and representing the black bourgeois (educated) professional and working classes. Although on the surface the practical consciousness and language of the two social class language games appear to diametrically oppose one another, the authors argue, given the two groups' material wealth within the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism of corporate (neoliberal) America, they do not. Both groups have the same underlying practical consciousness, subjects/agents of the Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism. The divergences, where they exist, are due to their interpellation, embourgeoisement, and differentiation via different ideological apparatuses of the society: church and education, i.e., schools, for the latter; and prisons, the streets, and athletic and entertainment industries for the former. Contemporarily, in the age of globalization and neoliberalism, both groups have become the bearers of ideological and linguistic domination in black neoliberal America, and are antagonistically, converging the practical consciousness of the black or African diaspora towards their respective social class language games. We are suggesting that the socialization of other black people in the diaspora ought to be examined against and within the dialectical backdrop of this class power dynamic and the cultural and religious heritages of the black American people responsible for this phenomenon or process of convergence we are referring to as the \"African-Americanization\" of the black diaspora.
eBook
Liberal Bourgeois Protestantism
This work analyzes the Protestant metaphysical origins and basis underlying the sociological process of globalization. Specifically, it outlines the different conceptions of globalization in the sociological literature, and then examines the nature of identity and identity politics in the age of globalization. The work concludes by drawing a connection between the nature of identity politics and the globalizing process.
eBook
Jesus and the streets
Against John Ogbu's oppositional culture theory and Claude Steele's disidentification hypothesis, Jesus and the Streets offers a more appropriate structural Marxian hermeneutical framework for contextualizing, conceptualizing, and evaluating the locus of causality for the black male/female intra-racial gender academic achievement gap in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Positing that in general the origins of the black/white academic achievement gap in both countries is grounded in what Paul C. Mocombe refers to as a \"mismatch of linguistic structure and social class function.\" Within this structural Marxist theoretical framework the intra-racial gender academic achievement gap between black boys and girls, the authors argue, is a result of the social class functions associated with industries (mode of production) and ideological apparatuses, i.e., prisons, the urban street life, athletics and entertainment, where the majority of urban black males in the US and UK achieve their status, social mobility, and economic gain, and the black church/education where black females in both countries are overwhelmingly more likely to achieve their status, social mobility, and drive for economic gain via education and professionalization.
eBook
The Negro, The “My Nigga,” and The African
This article puts forth the argument that people of African descent in the postindustrial capitalist world-system of America are no longer Africans. Instead, their practical consciousnesses are the product of two identities, the negro, i.e., black bourgeoisie, or African Americans, on the one hand, under the leadership of educated professionals and preachers; and the “my nigga,” i.e., the black underclass, on the other hand, under the leadership of street and prison personalities, athletes, and entertainers vying for ideological and linguistic domination of black America. These two social class language games were historically constituted by different ideological apparatuses, the church and education on the one hand and the streets, prisons, and the athletic and entertainment industries on the other, of the global capitalist racial-class structure of inequality under American hegemony, which replaced the African ideological apparatuses of Vodou, peristyles, lakous, and agricultural production as found in Haiti. Neither identities represent counter-hegemonic movements to the global (Protestant) capitalist world-system under American hegemony. The work concludes that unless African Americans seize to be interpellated and socialized by the aforementioned power elites and ideological apparatuses of the American capitalist social structure, these two social class language games will forever serve as the bearers of ideological and linguistic domination in black America.
Journal Article
A Racial Caste in Class: Race and Class Distinctions within Black Communities in the United States and United Kingdom
Since the 1960s, there have been four similar schools of thought on the origins and nature of black practical consciousness in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK): the adaptive-vitality school and the pathologicalpathogenic school in the US; and the anti-essentialist and anti-anti-essentialist schools in the UK. In the US, the pathological-pathogenic position argues that in its divergences from white American norms and values black American consciousness is nothing more than a pathological form of, and reaction to, American consciousness rather than a dual (both African and American) hegemonic opposing \"identity-in-differential\" (the term is Gayatri Spivak's) to the American one. Proponents of the adaptive-vitality school argue that the divergences are not pathologies but African \"institutional transformations\" preserved on the American landscape. Just the same in the UK, the two main opposing schools of thought are the anti-essentialist and the anti-anti-essentialist. Anti-essentialists argue against any ideas of a black phenomenon that unites all black people, and contends that diasporic identities and cultures cannot place African origin at the center of any attempt to understand the nature of black practical consciousness in the UK. The anti-anti-essentialist position posits the idea that African memory retentions exist in diasporic cultures to some degree. The purpose of the present work is to understand black practical consciousnesses in the US and UK by working out the theoretical and methodological problems from which these four divergent positions are constructed in order to arrive at a more sociohistorical, rather than racial, understanding of black practical consciousnesses in the US and UK.
Journal Article