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The natural polyphenolic materials that cinnamon contains are well known for their different biological applications and have a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic attributes. Bioactive and harmless cinnamon nanoparticles (cinnamon-NPs) can be anticancer and antidiabetic agents. For this purpose, water-soluble cinnamon-NPs were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique for the first time and in vitro studies were performed to investigate their anti-diabetic effects. The outcomes of morphology, size, and stability of cinnamon-NPs were described through Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering/Zeta (DLS/Zeta), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The morphology of cinnamon-NPs was spherical and their average size was about 14.8 nm. Furthermore, the glucose consumption assay results revealed that compound cinnamon-NPs at 1.0 and 10 µM significantly lowered glucose levels ( p  < 0.05) in HepG2 cells exposed to 11.0 and 22.0 mM of glucose compared with standard (pioglitazone) and control groups. Therefore, the utilization of spherical NPs suspended in water could be useful for investigating therapeutic applications.

The current paper exhibited a green method for the manufacture of Ag-doped ZnO/CaO nanocomposites (NCPs) by the usage of Caccinia macranthera seed extract, zinc, calcium, and silver salts solution, for the first time. The chemical structure of NCPs was studied by the FT-IR technique. The XRD pattern shows a crystallite structure with an Fm3m group space and particle size of about 23 nm. The FESEM/PSA images displayed that NCPs have uniform distribution with spherical morphology. Also, the cytotoxicity of synthesized NCPs was examined on Huh-7 cells by MTT test and the IC 50 value was 250 ppm. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of NCPs was investigated to the methylene blue MB dye degradation, which resulted in a removal of about 90% after 100 min. According to the results of the broth microdilution process, which was done to evaluate the antibacterial activity of NCPs towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the MIC values were in the range of 0.97–125 ppm.

The environmentally friendly procedure was developed for the fabrication of Ag and Se dual-doped ZnO-CaO-CuO nanocomposite (Ag and Se dual-doped ZnO-CaO-CuO-NCP) using Nymphaea alba L. leaves extract as a reducing and stabilizer agent. Different techniques have been used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite, including FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, PSA, and UV-vis. According to FTIR spectra, functional groups or phytochemicals were seen in the structure of the synthesized nanocomposite. The crystalline nature of the nanocomposite was approved by the XRD pattern. FESEM/PSA images of nanocomposite confirmed the spherical morphology and the average size of 20–35 nm. A green manner was used for the synthesis of Ag and Se dual-doped ZnO-CaO-CuO-NCP to make an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. As shown by the photodegradation experiments, 95% of the MB dye was degraded after 120 min at a constant rate of 0.0154 min −1 . In addition, the ability of the nanocomposite was studied to investigate their cytotoxicity effects for the killing of cancer Huh-7 and normal L929 cells with the MTT assay. The IC 50 amounts for cancer Huh-7 cells at times 24, 48, and 72 h were determined as 500, 241.5, and 102.8 μg/mL, respectively, and normal L929 cells have no significant cytotoxicity. As a result of our investigations, the prepared nanocomposite will likely be effective in treating organic pollutants and biomedical wastes generated by industrial processes. Graphical abstract

The goal of the current paper was a synthesis of Amino-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles as a unique efficient photocatalyst for removing organic dyes from aqueous environments. The magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core-shell was produced by a silica source to avoid aggregation by the co-precipitation method. Next, functionalized by using 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) via a post-synthesis link. The chemical structure, magnetic properties, and shape of the manufactured photocatalyst (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 ) were described by XRD, VSM, FT-IR, FESEM, EDAX, and DLS/Zeta potential analyses. The XRD findings approved the successful synthesis of nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 nanoparticles was examined for MB degradation and the degradation performance was about 90% in the optimum conditions. Also, the cytotoxicity of Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 core-shell, and Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -NH 2 nanoparticles was examined on CT-26 cells using an MTT assay, the finding has shown that nanoparticles can be used for inhibiting cancer cells. Graphical abstract