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Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage management presents clinicians with a significant therapeutic challenge. Maintaining antiplatelet therapy potentially increases the risk of recurrent bleeding, while discontinuation heightens susceptibility to ischemic stroke, particularly during the critical first month after hemorrhage. In contemporary practice, physicians demonstrate considerable hesitancy regarding early antiplatelet reinitiation, complicated by the absence of clear evidence-based treatment guidelines. Aim: This meta-analysis assesses the safety of early antiplatelet resumption following ICH. Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2025. Articles were independently screened and data extracted by two reviewers who also assessed study quality. The inclusion criteria are enrollment of adults (≥18 years) with imaging-confirmed intracerebral hemorrhage surviving >24 h, comparing early vs. delayed or withheld antiplatelet therapy. Randomized trials underwent separate evaluation using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias. Statistical analysis was performed using R software (version 4.4.2), with categorical outcomes pooled as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. The evidence is limited by the availability of few RCTs, variable antiplatelet regiments, male predominance, and other confounding factors. The review was registered in SFO. Results: Our meta-analysis included 10 studies (8 observational, 2 RCTs) with 5554 patients. Early antiplatelet therapy significantly reduced recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage by 46% (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.78, p = 0.001). All-cause mortality showed a non-significant difference (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–1.01, p = 0.06). No significant differences were found for ischemic stroke (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.60–1.63, p = 0.96), major hemorrhagic events (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.49–1.13, p = 0.17), or ischemic vascular outcomes (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.49–1.02, p = 0.60). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis reveals that early antiplatelet therapy following intracerebral hemorrhage significantly reduces recurrent hemorrhagic events (46% reduction) without increasing major ischemic or hemorrhagic complications.

Introduction: Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer traditionally involves delayed postoperative oral feeding due to concerns about complications like anastomotic leakage. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols favor early oral feeding (EOF), but its safety and benefits remain debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared EOF versus late oral feeding (LOF) after esophagectomy. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through March 2025 for primary studies comparing EOF (≤7 days post-op) with LOF (>7 days or delayed) in adult patients after esophagectomy. Outcomes included anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, other complications, gastrointestinal recovery, length of hospital stay (LOS), quality of life (QoL), and mortality. Results: Twenty-nine studies involving 3962 patients were included. There was no significant difference in the risk of anastomotic leakage between the two groups (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80–1.33, p = 0.82, I2 = 0%). EOF was associated with a significantly shorter time to first flatus (Cohen’s d: −1.26, 95% CI: −1.93 to −0.58, p < 0.001) and first defecation (Cohen’s d: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.51 to −0.22, p = 0.01) and a shorter LOS (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found for other complications (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], chyle leak, conduit issues, ileus, sepsis, wound infection) or mortality rates (in-hospital, 30-day, 90-day, overall). QoL assessment suggested potential improvement in emotional function with EOF. Conclusions: EOF after esophagectomy appears safe, as it does not increase the risk of anastomotic leakage or other major complications compared to LOF. It is associated with faster gastrointestinal recovery and shorter hospital stays, supporting its use within ERAS protocols.

The present study brings together methods of extensive reading studies and eye-movement research to track the cognitive effects of exposure frequency on vocabulary processing and learning. Forty-two advanced second language learners of English read a stage 1 graded reader, Goodbye Mr. Hollywood , on a computer screen while their eye movements were recorded. The eye-tracking task was followed by comprehension questions and vocabulary posttests. Target vocabulary consisted of 20 pseudo words and 20 known words with a range of repetition from 1 to 30. Eye-movement data showed that readers spent more time on pseudo words than on familiar words and that fixation times decreased across encounters with more attention given to target words on early encounters. Repeated exposure supported form recognition but was not as significant for meaning recall and recognition. Total times spent on each encounter was positively associated with learning success in all vocabulary measures. The amount of attention, as reflected in total reading times on each pseudo word, positively predicted learning outcomes above and beyond the number of encounters. Results of the study add a cognitive dimension to the concept of engagement in lexical learning in the process of incidental learning from second language reading.

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most complex neurodevelopmental disorders. It affects almost all human physiological systems. Individuals with ASD often display dysregulation in their autonomic nervous system (ANS), which may elicit differing effects across age groups. Also, studying the ANS missed several important parameters related to ANS. Studying the ANS is crucial in developing adaptive behavioural strategies and maintaining communication abilities and social behaviours. Thus, this study compared the immediate effect of physical activity on the ANS in individuals with ASD in different age groups.Methods200 participants (106 males and 94 females) took part in a double-blinded randomised design. All participants were divided into four groups according to their age (4–7, 7–10, 10–13 and 14–18 years old). Participants performed a 60 min treadmill walk. The main outcome measurements were heart rate (HR), saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2).ResultsBefore the study, there were non-significant differences between groups in their physical characteristics (body mass index, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, physical activity level, both parents’ existence, aerobic capacity and gender) (p>0.05). At baseline measurements, there were non-significant differences between all groups for all outcome measurements (p>0.05). Immediately after physical activity, there was significant difference between group 1 and other groups (p<0.05), while all other differences were non-significant (p>0.05). At the follow-up (after 15 min of rest), group 1 maintained significant differences with the other groups for all outcome measurements (p<0.05), while there were non-significant differences between the other three groups (p>0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed that the SpO2 significantly decreased immediately after the physical activity, while HR, RR and etCO2 significantly increased immediately after physical activity in comparison to the baseline measurements. Contrary to other ANS parameters (SpO2, RR and etCO2), HR in early ages (4–7 years old) was higher after physical activity and remained elevated longer than other ages. The early ages (4–7 years old) take more time to return to the normal status of ANS parameters including SpO2, HR, RR and etCO2.Trial registration numberNCT05725733.

Various walking speeds may induce different responses on the plantar pressure patterns. Current methods used to analyze plantar pressure patterns are linear and ignore nonlinear features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the complexity of plantar pressure images after walking at various speeds using nonlinear bidimensional multiscale entropy (MSE2D). Twelve participants (age: 27.1 ± 5.8 years; height: 170.3 ± 10.0 cm; and weight: 63.5 ± 13.5 kg) were recruited for walking at three speeds (slow at 1.8 mph, moderate at 3.6 mph, and fast at 5.4 mph) for 20 minutes. A plantar pressure measurement system was used to measure plantar pressure patterns. Complexity index (CI), a summation of MSE2D from all time scales, was used to quantify the changes of complexity of plantar pressure images. The analysis of variance with repeated measures and Fisher’s least significant difference correction were used to examine the results of this study. The results showed that CI of plantar pressure images of 1.8 mph (1.780) was significantly lower compared with 3.6 (1.790) and 5.4 mph (1.792). The results also showed that CI significantly increased from the 1st min (1.780) to the 10th min (1.791) and 20th min (1.791) with slow walking (1.8 mph). Our results indicate that slow walking at 1.8 mph may not be good for postural control compared with moderate walking (3.6 mph) and fast walking (5.4 mph). This study demonstrates that bidimensional multiscale entropy is able to quantify complexity changes of plantar pressure images after different walking speeds.

This study hypothesized that the prolonged use of taping during athletic activities produces more significant increases in proprioception, balance, and vertical jump among volleyball players with CAI. A randomized controlled study. One-hundred participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) participated in this study. Participants were distributed into 3-groups: taping group, bandaging group, and control group. Proprioception (ankle range of motion absolute error), balance(Y-balance test), and vertical jump (vertical jump tester). Three interventions were performed: ankle rigid taping, ankle bandaging, and placebo taping. The measurements were performed at baseline, immediately, 2-weeks and 2-months after support. Immediately after supports, there were non-significant differences between all groups for proprioception, balance (P < .05). There was a significant difference between banding and control groups, and taping and control groups for the vertical jump (P < .05). After 2-weeks and 2-months, there were significant differences between bandaging and control groups, and taping and control groups for proprioception, balance, and vertical jump (P < .05). There were non-significant differences between taping and bandaging groups (P < .05) during all assessments. This study indicated that ankle taping and bandaging immediately improve vertical jump only; while they improve proprioception, balance, and vertical jump after 2-weeks and 2-months. •The Ankle joint Taping and Bandaging have a long-term effect on increasing proprioception.•The Ankle joint Taping and Bandaging have a long-term effect on increasing Balance.•The Ankle joint Taping and Bandaging have a long-term and short-term effect on increasing Vertical jump distance.

meal was included in fish feed at different levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) and was fed to genetically-improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) for 90 days. The obtained results demonstrated that the final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate decreased significantly in fish fed 30% (P<0.05), while tilapia fed 10% and 20% did not differ significantly from those of the control (P>0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio increased significantly in fish fed 30% (P<0.05), while tilapia fed 10% and 20% did not differ significantly from those of the control (P>0.05). The body proximate analysis, amylase, lipase, protease, blood phagocytic index, and phagocytic and lysozyme activity were not affected by the inclusion of in tilapia diets and remained similar to those of the control group (P>0.05). The villus length of the foregut was not significantly affected by inclusion in tilapia diets (P>0.05). In the midgut, the villus length significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed at 20% and 30% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% (P>0.05). The villus length significantly (P<0.05) increased in the hind gut in fish fed at 30 % compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% and 20% (P>0.05). The mucosal length of the tilapia foregut significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed at 10% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 20% and 30% (P>0.05). In the foregut and hindgut, the number of goblet cells significantly increased in fish fed at 3% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% and 20% (P>0.05), while in the midgut, the number of goblet cells significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed at 20% and 30% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% (P>0.05). Feeding tilapia with resulted in normal hematological and biochemical functions, with insignificant differences for the measured parameters except for the red blood cell count, which significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed at 20% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 20% and 30%.

The present study brings together methods of extensive reading studies and eye-movement research to track the cognitive effects of exposure frequency on vocabulary processing and learning. Forty-two advanced second language learners of English read a stage 1 graded reader, Goodbye Mr. Hollywood, on a computer screen while their eye movements were recorded. The eye-tracking task was followed by comprehension questions and vocabulary posttests. Target vocabulary consisted of 20 pseudo words and 20 known words with a range of repetition from 1 to 30. Eye-movement data showed that readers spent more time on pseudo words than on familiar words and that fixation times decreased across encounters with more attention given to target words on early encounters. Repeated exposure supported form recognition but was not as significant for meaning recall and recognition. Total times spent on each encounter was positively associated with learning success in all vocabulary measures. The amount of attention, as reflected in total reading times on each pseudo word, positively predicted learning outcomes above and beyond the number of encounters. Results of the study add a cognitive dimension to the concept of engagement in lexical learning in the process of incidental learning from second language reading.

In 2008, when the professional paths of the authors crossed, they worked together on many projects including an end-to-end LTE and HSPA+ networks. Since then, they have teamed up to study, design and evaluate the technical aspects of the state-of-the-art cellular technologies. Combining their practical expertise in diverse topics, they bridge the theory and the best practice of 4G networks into this book. Written by experts in the field with vast hands-on experience in cellular technologies, this book delves deeper into the practical aspects of design and deployment of a commercial LTE network, combining compelling research and field results to cut through the end-to-end architecture, design, and deployment scenarios. The book presents the LTE network performance analysis and optimization and advanced features. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a detailed explanation for coverage and capacity planning of the LTE network. The book also provides an in-depth explanation on how to provision Carrier-Grade VoLTE with a comprehensive coverage of the IMS and RAN advanced features. The LTE analysis is presented in a comparative manner with reference to the HSPA+ network. Key Features:  Conveys the theoretical background of 4G networks Presents key aspects and best practice of 4G networks design and deployment Addresses strategies for performance evaluation and troubleshooting processes Demonstrates assessments of various LTE features including C-DRX, CSFB, MIMO techniques,    and VoLTE Provides practical examples and case studies on coverage prediction, link budget, and capacity dimensioning for voice and data services.  Special focus on the essential capabilities necessary for any operator to test & deploy, before commercializing VoLTE Includes a realistic roadmap for evolution of a deployed 4G networks, including carrier aggregation, HetNet, enhanced MIMO and SON. Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks will be an invaluable guide for 4G engineers in network operators and vendors, network deployment engineers, R&D engineers, planning and optimization engineers, measurement/performance tools firms, consulting firms, undergraduate and graduate students interested in understanding the LTE system.