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Metal–organic frameworks have drawn attention as potential catalysts owing to their unique tunable surface chemistry and accessibility. However, their application in thermal catalysis has been limited because of their instability under harsh temperatures and pressures, such as the hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol. Herein, we use a controlled two-step method to synthesize finely dispersed Cu on a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). This catalyst suffers a series of transformations during the CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol, leading to ~14 nm Cu nanoparticles encapsulated on the Zn-based MOF that are highly active (2-fold higher methanol productivity than the commercial Cu–Zn–Al catalyst), very selective (>90%), and remarkably stable for over 150 h. In situ spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and kinetic results reveal the preferential adsorption sites, the preferential reaction pathways, and the reverse water gas shift reaction suppression over this catalyst. The developed material is robust, easy to synthesize, and active for CO 2 utilization. Here, authors report an inter-site structural heterogeneity induced effect of hierarchical single atom Fe catalysts for robust oxygen reduction. Dynamic evolutions and insights into structure-activity relationship are presented.

Fabricating breakthrough materials capable of desalinating seawater and brine with high selectivity and low energy consumption is crucial for addressing global water and energy challenges. We report here the desalination capability of ultra-thin polymeric films with subnanometer pores synthesized through the polymerization of fluorinated trichlorosilane monomers and diamine-based monomers. The combination of subnanometer pore size, submicron thickness, and superhydrophobicity facilitates efficient liquid-to-vapor phase change in the membrane distillation process, enabling effective desalination performance. The thin-films demonstrate high salt rejection (99.8%), complete boron rejection, and water fluxes of 40 L.m −2 .h −1 (1.88 kWh.m −3 , WRR sp 0.32%) and 238 L.m −2 .h −1 (20.65 kWh.m −3 , WRR sp 3.87%) for seawater at 25 °C and 60 °C, respectively. For the desalination of real seawater reverse osmosis brine at 25 °C, the thin-films maintain 12 L.m −2 .h −1 (4.4 kWh.m −3 , WRR sp 0.09%) under comparable conditions. Their polymeric nature, chlorine resistance, and low energy requirements, indicate a potential for scalable and sustainable desalination systems. Fabricating breakthrough materials capable of desalinating seawater and brine with high selectivity and low energy consumption is vital to address the global water shortage and energy crisis. Here the authors describe the synthesis of thin films with submicron thicknesses and subnanometer pores with outstanding desalination performance.

Preventing local transmission of malaria from imported cases is crucial for achieving and maintaining malaria elimination. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases and assess the distribution of malaria vectors in Qatar. Data from January 2016 to December 2022 on imported malaria, including demographic and epidemiological characteristics, travel-related information, and diagnostic results, were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics. Field surveys conducted in 2021–22 collected mosquitoes using various traps across Qatar. The collected samples underwent morphological and molecular characterization at Qatar University. A total of 2693 cases were reported, with a mean incidence of 13.5/100 000 population, decreasing from 18.8/100 000 in 2016 to 5.5/100 000 in 2020. Most cases were Plasmodium vivax (57.4%) followed by P. falciparum (40.4%). The median age was 32.9 ± 12.5 years, primarily males (86.7%), expatriates (99.6%) and notified during the hot months (July to September). Cases were mainly imported from the Eastern Mediterranean Region followed by the African and South-East Asia Region with no deaths and indigenous cases. Anopheles stephensi was identified as a widely distributed species, but none carried the Plasmodium pathogen. Despite no reports of local transmission, the presence of An. stephensi and favourable environmental conditions pose a risk in Qatar. Strengthening surveillance for imported malaria and reviewing epidemic protocols are necessary. Conventional field studies are imperative to address knowledge gaps in Anopheles mosquito ecology and biting habits in Qatar, accurately assessing the risk of local malaria transmission to support Qatar’s malaria-free status.

This study introduces activated carbon (AC) as an effective anode for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using real industrial wastewater without treatment or addition of external microorganism mediators. Inexpensive activated carbon is introduced as a proper electrode alternative to carbon cloth and carbon paper materials, which are considered too expensive for the large-scale application of MFCs. AC has a porous interconnected structure with a high bio-available surface area. The large surface area, in addition to the high macro porosity, facilitates the high performance by reducing electron transfer resistance. Extensive characterization, including surface morphology, material chemistry, surface area, mechanical strength and biofilm adhesion, was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the AC material as an anode in MFCs. The electrochemical performance of AC was also compared to other anodes, i.e., Teflon-treated carbon cloth (CCT), Teflon-treated carbon paper (CPT), untreated carbon cloth (CC) and untreated carbon paper (CP). Initial tests of a single air-cathode MFC display a current density of 1792 mAm −2 , which is approximately four times greater than the maximum value of the other anode materials. COD analyses and Coulombic efficiency (CE) measurements for AC-MFC show the greatest removal of organic compounds and the highest CE efficiency (60 and 71%, respectively). Overall, this study shows a new economical technique for power generation from real industrial wastewater with no treatment and using inexpensive electrode materials.

Metal-organic frameworks have drawn attention as potential catalysts owing to their unique tunable surface chemistry and accessibility. However, their application in thermal catalysis has been limited because of their instability under harsh temperatures and pressures, such as the hydrogenation of CO to methanol. Herein, we use a controlled two-step method to synthesize finely dispersed Cu on a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). This catalyst suffers a series of transformations during the CO hydrogenation to methanol, leading to ~14 nm Cu nanoparticles encapsulated on the Zn-based MOF that are highly active (2-fold higher methanol productivity than the commercial Cu-Zn-Al catalyst), very selective (>90%), and remarkably stable for over 150 h. In situ spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and kinetic results reveal the preferential adsorption sites, the preferential reaction pathways, and the reverse water gas shift reaction suppression over this catalyst. The developed material is robust, easy to synthesize, and active for CO utilization.

A reasonably priced and easily available natural bentonite was used to remove Mn(VII) ion from polluted water. The purpose of this research is to investigate the structural and adsorption capacity changes of microwave-treated bentonite following Mn(VII) ion adsorption. The two forms of bentonite (natural and microwave-assisted) were characterized with respect to the chemical composition and structural morphology (XRD, EDX and FTIR) in addition to pore size distribution and surface area. The structure of the microwave-treated bentonite showed partial damage of the framework of silica, and new surface nucleation centers are developed during microwave treatment. Montmorillonite was deemed to be the prevailing phase. The total surface area and the average pore size distribution were changed from (277,624 m 2 /g and 4,9118 nm) to (327,085 m²/g and 4.1691 nm) after microwave treatment. BET surface area expanded, hence enhancing the adsorption ability of Mn(VII) ions approximately 18.0% more than that of the untreated bentonite B. FTIR and SEM morphology pointed out the Mn(VII) adsorption ions onto the microwave-treated bentonite.

Stripe rust, induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , is the most harmful and prevalent disease in temperate regions worldwide, affecting wheat production areas globally. An effective strategy for controlling the disease involves enhancing genetic resistance against stripe rust, achieved through Egyptian breeding efforts not previously conducted on wheat genotypes. The resistance level to stripe rust in thirty-eight wheat genotypes was assessed using marker-assisted selection methods. The investigation suggests that wheat breeding programs can utilize slow-rusting Yr genes, which are effective resistance genes, to develop novel genotypes with stripe rust resistance through marker-assisted breeding. Based on the four disease responses of the wheat genotypes under investigation, the results categorized the genotypes into three groups. The first group included resistant genotypes, the second group exhibited a slow-rusting character with the lowest disease symptom rates, and the last group displayed the highest disease characteristics rates throughout the three seasons, comprising fast-rusting genotypes. The rust-resistant genes identified were Yr5 , Yr9 , Yr10 , Yr15 , Yr17 , Yr18 , Yr26 , Yr29 , Yr30 , and Yr36 . Genes Yr26 , Yr30 , and Yr36 were present in all genotypes. Genotypes Misr3, Misr4, Giza168, Giza167, Giza170, Giza171, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10 carried the Yr9 gene. Only one genotype, Sids13, was found to have the Yr17 gene. Genes Yr18 and Yr29 were identified in Sids14, Giza168, Giza170, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10. However, none of the wheat genotypes showed the presence of Yr5 , Yr10 , or Yr15 . Several backcrossing generations were conducted to introduce the Yr5 and Yr10 genes into susceptible genotypes (Misr1, Misr2, and Gemmeiza11). These genotypes are cultivated globally and are known for producing high-quality flour, making them of great importance to farmers. The study demonstrates significant potential for enhancing wheat genotypes for stripe rust resistance and increased production.

We studied the characteristics and survival of patients with sorafenib-treated HCC and impact of underlying etiology on outcomes. This retrospective multicenter study recruited patients with sorafenib-treated advanced HCC (12/2016 to 4/2023) till death or the study end (2/2024). Time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were recorded. We evaluated; Clinico-laboratory and imaging predictors of OS, The impact of underlying etiology on tumor variables, outcomes and tolerance for sorafenib > 6 months. This study included 706 patients. Median duration of Sorafenib therapy was 240.00 (90.00–360.00) days. Median OS was 314.00(146.00–601.00) days. Median TTP was 180.00(90.00–330.00) days. COX regression revealed that the independent factors of mortality were baseline AST, Tumor size, hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT), development of jaundice and shifting to Regorafenib. Advanced HCCs were more common on top of non-cirrhotic non-viral and HBV-related liver disease. Adverse events, TTP and tumor response didn’t differ with the underlying etiology. Median OS was lower in non-viral-related HCC than HCV-related HCC (218.00 versus 326.50 days, P -value = 0.048). Patients who continued sorafenib > 6 months had lower AFP, HVT, adverse effects and better tumor response after 3 months. OS is lower in non-viral Sorafenib-treated HCC compared with viral-related HCC and Sorafenib was well-tolerated among different HCC etiologies.

Background Climate changes have led to health and environmental risks, so it has become essential to measure climate change literacy among the entire population, especially nursing students. The significant role of nursing students in raising public awareness and future healthcare roles emphasizes assessing the predictors of climate change literacy among nursing students. Aims This study seeks to identify the predictors of climate change literacy among nursing students in A Multi-Site Survey. Design A multi-site descriptive cross-sectional study adheres to the guidelines outlined in A Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting Survey Studies collected for five months, from the 1st of July 2023 to November 2023. The study participants comprise 10,084 nursing students from all 27 governments in Egypt. The researcher used the Predictors of Nursing Students’ Climate Change Literacy scale in this study. Data was collected, with 25 min average time to complete. Backward multiple linear regression was used to identify these predictors. Results In the current study, nursing students demonstrated a moderate understanding of climate science (mean score 14.38), communication and advocacy skills (mean score 14.41), and knowledge of adaptation and mitigation strategies (mean score 13.33). Climate health impacts (mean score 17.72) emerged as the domain with the highest level of knowledge. No significant differences in climate literacy were observed across diverse student backgrounds (all p-values were > 0.05). Perceived faculty knowledge of climate change positively correlated with all four domains of climate literacy and emerged as a significant predictor in multiple linear regression analyses (all p -values were < 0.001). Implication. While our findings highlight significant predictors of climate literacy, it is essential to recognize that these results identify associations rather than causal relationships. Based on these associations, it is recommended that nursing professionals be equipped with comprehensive knowledge of climate adaptation strategies to better advocate for and implement effective public health measures.

Background Although protocol registration of systematic reviews/meta-analysis (SR/MA) is still not mandatory, it is highly recommended that authors publish their SR/MA protocols prior to submitting their manuscripts for publication as recommended by the Cochrane guidelines for conducting SR/MAs. our aim was to assess the awareness, obstacles, and opinions of SR/MA authors about the protocol registration process. Methods A cross-sectional survey study included the authors who published SR/MAs during the period from 2010 to 2016, and they were contacted for participation in our survey study. They were identified through the literature search of SR/MAs in Scopus database. An online questionnaire was sent to each participant via e-mail after receiving their approval to join the study. We have sent 6650 emails and received 275 responses. Results A total of 270 authors responses were complete and included in the final analysis. Our results has shown that PROSPERO was the most common database used for protocol registration (71.3%). The registration-to-acceptance time interval in PROSPERO was less than 1 month (99.1%). Almost half of the authors (44.2%) did not register their protocols prior to publishing their SR/MAs and according to their opinion that the other authors lack knowledge of protocol importance and mandance to be registered, was the most commonly reported reason (44.9%). A significant percenatge of respondents (37.4%) believed that people would steal their ideas from protocol databases, while only 5.3% reported that their SR/MA had been stolen. However, the majority (72.9%) of participants have agreed that protocol registries play a role in preventing unnecessary duplication of reviews. Finally, 37.4% of participants agree that SR/MA protocol registration should be mandatory. Conclusion About half of the participants believes that the main reason for not registering protocols, is that the other authors lack knowledge concerning obligation and importance to register the SR/MA protocols in advance. Therefore, tools should be available to mandate protocol registration of any SRs beforehand and increasing awareness about the benefits of protocol registration among researchers.