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"Mohamed, Ibrahim"
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Computer vision and statistical insights into cycling near miss dynamics
Across the globe, many transport bodies are advocating for increased cycling due to its health and environmental benefits. Yet, the real and perceived dangers of urban cycling remain obstacles. While serious injuries and fatalities in cycling are infrequent, “near misses”-events where a person on a bike is forced to avoid a potential crash or is unsettled by a close vehicle-are more prevalent. To understand these occurrences, researchers have turned to naturalistic studies, attaching various sensors like video cameras to bikes or cyclists. This sensor data holds the potential to unravel the risks cyclists face. Still, the sheer amount of video data often demands manual processing, limiting the scope of such studies. In this paper, we unveil a cutting-edge computer vision framework tailored for automated near-miss video analysis and for detecting various associated risk factors. Additionally, the framework can understand the statistical significance of various risk factors, providing a comprehensive understanding of the issues faced by cyclists. We shed light on the pronounced effects of factors like glare, vehicle and pedestrian presence, examining their roles in near misses through Granger causality with varied time lags. This framework enables the automated detection of multiple factors and understanding their significant weight, thus enhancing the efficiency and scope of naturalistic cycling studies. As future work, this research opens the possibility of integrating this AI framework into edge sensors through embedded AI, enabling real-time analysis.
Journal Article
Knowledge, attitude, and readiness towards disaster management: A nationwide survey among healthcare practitioners in United Arab Emirates
Health professionals are expected to be knowledgeable on disaster medicine and prepared to deal with medicine disasters. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and readiness to practice disaster medicine among health care workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and determine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the practice of disaster medicine. A cross-sectional survey conducted among various healthcare professionals in different healthcare facilities in the UAE. An electronic questionnaire was used and randomly distributed throughout the country. Data were collected from March to July 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions distributed among four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and readiness to practice. The questionnaire distribution involved a 5-item of demographic information, a 21-item of knowledge, a 16-item of attitude and an 11-item of practice. A total of 307 (participation rate ~80.0%, n = 383) health professionals practicing in the UAE responded. Of these, 191 (62.2%) were pharmacists, 52 (15.9%) were physicians, 17 (5.5%) were dentists, 32 (10.4%) were nurses, and 15 (4.9%) were others. The mean experience was 10.9 years [SD ±7.6] (median 10, IQR 4–15). The median (IQR) overall knowledge level was 12 (8–16) and the maximum knowledge level was 21. The overall knowledge level differed significantly between the age groups of the participants (p = 0.002). The median (IQR) of overall attitude was (57, 50–64) for pharmacists, (55, 48–64) for physicians, (64, 44–68) for dentists, (64, 58–67) for nurses, and (60, 48–69) for others. The total attitude score differed significantly between the different professional groups (p = 0.034), gender (p = 0.008) and workplace (p = 0.011). In terms of readiness to practice, respondents’ scores were high and not significantly related to age (p = 0.14), gender (p = 0.064), professional groups (p = 0.0.762), and workplace (p = 0.149). This study showed that health professionals in the UAE have moderate levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and high readiness to engage in disaster management. Gender and place of work can be considered as influencing factors. Professional training courses and educational curriculums related to disaster medicine can be beneficial to further reduce the knowledge-attitude gap.
Journal Article
Veterinary Drug Residues in the Food Chain as an Emerging Public Health Threat: Sources, Analytical Methods, Health Impacts, and Preventive Measures
Veterinary medications are necessary for both contemporary animal husbandry and food production, but their residues can linger in foods obtained from animals and pose a dangerous human risk. In this review, we aim to highlight the sources, occurrence, human exposure pathways, and human health effects of drug residues in food-animal products. Following the usage of veterinary medications, pharmacologically active compounds known as drug residues can be found in food, the environment, or animals. They can cause major health concerns to people, including antibiotic resistance development, the development of cancer, teratogenic effects, hypersensitivity, and disruption of normal intestinal flora. Drug residues in animal products can originate from variety of sources, including water or food contamination, extra-label drug use, and ignoring drug withdrawal periods. This review also examines how humans can be exposed to drug residues through drinking water, food, air, and dust, and discusses various analytical techniques for identifying these residues in food. Furthermore, we suggest some potential solutions to prevent or reduce drug residues in animal products and human exposure pathways, such as implementing withdrawal periods, monitoring programs, education campaigns, and new technologies that are crucial for safeguarding public health. This review underscores the urgency of addressing veterinary drug residues as a significant and emerging public health threat, calling for collaborative efforts from researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions that ensure the safety of the global food supply chain.
Journal Article
Considerable Production of Ulvan from Ulva lactuca with Special Emphasis on Its Antimicrobial and Anti-fouling Properties
Abstract In the current study, a significant amount of ulvan was extracted from Ulva lactuca collected from Alexandria coastline, Egypt, using a simple extraction method. According to the chemical analysis, the obtained polysaccharide content is estimated to be 36.50 g/100 g with a high sulfate content of 19.72%. Physio-chemically, the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of sulfated groups attached to the carbohydrate backbone. The GC–MS results revealed the presence of various monosaccharides with relative abundances in the order: fucopyranose (22.09%) > L-rhamnose (18.17%) > L-fucose (17.46%) > rhamnopyranose (14.29%) > mannopyranose (8.59%) > α-D-glactopyranose (7.64%) > galactopyranose (6.14%) > β-arabinopyranose (5.62%). In addition, the SEM–EDX depicted an amorphous architecture with a majority wt% for the elements of C, O, and S. The partially purified ulvan demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against some fish and human pathogenic microbes. The inhibition zone diameter ranged from 11 to 18 mm. On the other hand, the prepared ulvan-chitosan hydrogel significantly improved the antimicrobial activity as the inhibition zone diameter ranged from 12 to 20. Moreover, when compared to the controls, the extracted ulvan demonstrated anti-fouling properties and successfully disrupted the biofilm formed on a glass slide submerged in seawater.
Journal Article
Management of common minor ailments in Qatar: Community pharmacists’ self-perceived competency and its predictors
Studies focused on comprehensive assessment of self-perceived competency of community pharmacists to manage minor ailments are scanty despite that self-perceived competency is a valid determinant of task performance. The objectives of the study were to assess community pharmacists’ self-perceived competency to manage fourteen common minor ailments in Qatar, and identify its significant predictors. A cross-sectional assessment of 307 community pharmacists was conducted with a pre-tested 20-item questionnaire. Self-perceived competency was assessed with nine elements on a scale of 1–10 (Maximum obtainable score: Each minor ailment = 90; each element = 140). Mann-Whitney U and bivariate logistic regression were used for data analyses. The response rate was 91.9% (282/307). The majority of the respondents were males (68.1%; 192/282), within the age range of 31–40 years (55.3%; 156/282). The minor ailments with the highest median competency score were constipation (76), and cold/catarrh (75) while travel sickness (69), and ringworm (69) had the lowest. The two condition-specific competency elements with the highest median score were recommendation of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines (115), and provision of instructions to guide its use (115). Ability to differentiate minor ailments from other medical conditions had the lowest median competency score (109). The significant predictors self-perceived competency were female gender (OR = 2.39, 95%CI: 1.34–4.25, p = 0.003), and working for chain pharmacies (OR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.30–4.96, p = 0.006). Overall, Community pharmacists’ self-perceived competency was adequate for majority of the common minor ailments, and it was highest for constipation and cold/catarrh, and specifically for the recommendation of OTC medicines and provision of instructions to guide its use. However, diagnostic ability to differentiate minor ailments from other medical conditions with similar features had the lowest median competency score. Female gender and working in chain pharmacies were the significant predictors of self-perceived competency to manage minor ailments.
Journal Article