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Background Headache disorders, particularly migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), are common among university students and significantly affect academic performance and quality of life. However, data from Sudanese students remains few. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted between November 2023 and February 2024 among undergraduate medical, dental, and pharmacy students across Sudan. Using International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-3) criteria, we assessed prevalence, risk factors, headache characteristics, triggers, and management. Of 1789 respondents, 746 students with recurrent headaches were included in the analysis. Results The overall prevalence of recurrent headaches was 41.7% (41.7%, 746/1789), comprising migraine (23.8%, 426/1789) and TTH (17.9%, 320/1789). Photophobia associated with 63% of migraine cases, and 18% were associated with nausea/vomiting, while 64% of TTH had no associated symptoms. Age and academic level were significantly associated with migraine with aura, with most cases aged (19–23 years) ( p  = 0.019) and third-year academic level ( p  = 0.045). Stress (54%) and sleep deprivation (50%) were the most common triggers, with stress strongly associated with TTH (65%) and sleep deprivation with migraine with aura (67%). Most students relied on over-the-counter analgesics (91%), with limited prescription use (6.3%) and low medical consultation rates (21%). Headaches negatively impacted academic performance, with 19% reporting missed classes or exams, and 27% had impacted mental health by migraine with aura. Conclusion Migraine and TTH are highly prevalent among Sudanese health sciences students, with stress and poor sleep as major modifiable triggers. The high burden of self-medication and low healthcare-seeking behaviors highlight a major care gap. We recommend campus health programs to raise awareness about these common disorders.

Inadequate discharge documentation at Almanagil Teaching Hospital posed significant risks to patient safety and continuity of care, consistent with challenges seen in similar healthcare settings. The hospital aimed to address these gaps by enhancing the completeness, accuracy, and clarity of surgical discharge documentation through the development and implementation of a standardized discharge card, coupled with targeted staff training. A prospective quality improvement project was conducted in two cycles (May-June 2025), involving audits of 44 (First Cycle) and 51 (Second Cycle) surgical discharge cards. Following baseline assessments, a structured discharge card was developed and implemented, along with targeted clinical staff training. Post-intervention audits revealed substantial improvements. Documentation of telephone number and address rose from 0 (0%) to 47 (92.2%) and 49 (96.1%), respectively. The number of hospital file entries increased from 29 (65.9%) to 49 (96.1%). Referrers' names, roles, organizations, and contact details improved from less than three (6.8%) to 51 (100%). Clinical elements, such as documentation of intraoperative and postoperative complications, rose from nine (20.5%) and eight (18.2%) to 51 (100%). Overall compliance increased from 52.9% to 94.6%, marking a 41.7% gain. The intervention significantly enhanced discharge documentation quality, reinforcing standardization, patient safety, and accountability. The model is scalable to similar resource-limited settings and warrants sustained auditing and ongoing training for long-term impact.