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Sanad is one of important part used to determine the authentication of hadith. However, very little research work has been found on classification of Malay translated Hadith based on sanad. There are some researches done using machine learning approach on hadith classification based on sanad but using different objective with different language. This research is to see how Machine Learning techniques are used to classify Malay translated Hadith document based on sanad. In this paper, SVM, NB and k-NN are used to identify and evaluate the performance of Malay translated hadith based on sanad. The performances are evaluated based on standard performance metrics used in text classification which is accuracy and response time. The results show that SVM has the highest accuracy and k-NN has the best response time (time taken in process for classification data) compare to other classifier. In future, we plan to extend this paper with the analysis on interclass similarity and also test on larger dataset.

In this article, the researchers main contribution is to investigate three factors which may correlate in implementation of Expert Judgment Z-Numbers as new Fuzzy Logic Ranking Indicator such as: expert relevance judgment or score, the expert confidence and the level of expertise. The Expert Judgment Z-Numbers then will be an input to the Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic System of Domain Specific Text Retrieval, along with other indicators such as Ontology BM25 Score, Fabrication Rate, Shia Rate and Positive Rate of hadith document. The results showed, the proposed system, with the additional new indicator of Expert Judgment Z-Numbers, may improve the original BM25 ranking function, by yielding better results on 26 queries, on all evaluation metrics that are measured in this research such as P@10, %no measures and MAP, and has achieved better results in 28 queries on P@10 alone, compared to the BM25 original score, that only yield better results in 2 queries on all evaluation metrics, and also yield better results in 4 queries on the MAP alone. The results proved that the proposed system has a capability to utilize the expert confidence and their relevant judgment that are represented in Z-Number, as an indicator to optimize the existing ranking function system and has a potential for a further research to be conducted on these domains. For the future works, the researchers would like to enhance this research by including a variety of expert’s level confidence and their judgment, also a new calculation to represent the value of Z-Numbers.

With the expansion of Muslim territory in the ninth century, non-Muslim communities' reactions to the denials of the prophethood of Muhammad created an impact on the development of Islamic prophetology. Vigorous refutations from non-Muslim community, specifically the Jews, Christians and Brahmins urged Muslims to develop a solid mechanism in defence of the status of their beloved Prophet. One of the works that has been recognized as an apparatus to defend the Prophet Muhammad veracity is al-Din wa al-Dawla composed by Ibn Rabban, a physician of the Caliph's court. This study analyses the novelty of his approaches in exploring Sira Nabawiyya and defending the prophethood of Muhammad. The study employed a descriptive, comparative and critical approach where it analyses and extracts the author original approach in explaining the legitimacy of Muhammad's prophethood and enlightening the Prophet's biography. The study argues that most of Ibn Rabban arguments in this work are actually developed from the foundations of Biblical scripture. His style of interpreting Biblical passages indicates a possible dependence on Ibn al-Layth's letter. However, the way in which he presents Quranic references seems not to be in accordance with Ibn al-Layth's perspective. This is where the novelty of his approach is distinguished. As a result, the study also affirms that Ibn Rabban imposes his own standards of selection and interpretation of Quranic verses when he applies it as reference to the Prophet's life.

Recent studies on campus walkability have focused on understanding the factors that contribute to walkability and the impact it has on student life, health, and overall campus sustainability. This study explores the factors encouraging walkability among students at the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) campus in Bachok, Kelantan. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to gain comprehensive insights into the determinants of pedestrian activity. Quantitative data were collected through a survey distributed to 300 students at UMK Bachok Campus using purposive sampling. The data collection period spanned from May 2024 to June 2024 and were analysed by using SPSS 28.0. Findings from exploratory factor analysis indicate that there are three main factors that encourage the walkability among students in the campus, i) Pedestrian Safety and Comfort, ii) Pedestrian and Cyclist Infrastructure, and iii) Amenities and Environmental Factors. These factors collectively promote a secure, pleasant, and inclusive environment that motivates students to walk more. The study concludes with recommendations for campus planners and policymakers to further enhance walkability, thereby fostering a healthier, more sustainable, and connected campus environment in Bachok, Kelantan.

Tropical planting plays a crucial role in sustainable campus design in Malaysia. Incorporating tropical planting into campus design not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also offers numerous environmental benefits. This research aims to identify suitable tropical plant species for sustainable campus design. The selection of appropriate plant species plays a crucial role in creating environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing campus landscapes. The study employs an observational research approach to gather data on plant characteristics, growth patterns, ecological requirements, and overall sustainability. Data was collected at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok Campus. The results revealed that selection criteria for plants were based on their adaptability to tropical climates, aesthetic appeal, low maintenance requirements, and positive ecological impact. This paper outlines the strength of tropical plantings selection for sustainable campus design based on native trees, shade trees, climbing plants and vines, ground covers, ornamental shrubs, and medicinal and aromatic plants. Some of the tropical plants such as mahogany, kapok tree, frangipani offer numerous benefits in sustainable campus design, contributing to climate resilience, water efficiency, biodiversity conservation, and a vibrant and healthy campus environment. Thus, this research will provide valuable insights for landscape architects, campus planners, and any related built environment professionals in developing sustainable campus designs in tropical regions.

Nano-field research has been expanded rapidly since those tiny materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cobalt catalyst and iron catalyst can give huge impact to the application products with their extraordinary properties. The scientific discovery of these materials can be defined as a magic key to solve the raw materials shortage and unlock the limitation performance of the devices. CNTs have been found to be one of the new nanomaterials that can improve different kind of devices’ performance. CNT can be grown on the substrates with the presence of active metal catalysts. Since small metal catalyst particles (diameter <10 nm) are crucial in growing CNTs, the deposition method of metal catalyst on the substrates has been studied. The optional processes using solutions to produce catalyst nanoparticles will be discussed in this review. Sol–gel process along with spin coating is the most suitable deposition method with low cost of production and the easiness to control particle size deposited on the substrates.