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Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between integrity, reputation, trust on awqaf institution and intention to endow cash waqf. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research using survey questionnaire was conducted. A total of 377 completed survey questionnaires were received and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Findings show that integrity and reputation of awqaf institutions have direct impact on endowers’ trust on awqaf institution, which consequently lead to endowers’ intention to endow cash waqf. Originality/value This study provides practical information on how awqaf institutions could develop endowers’ trust on awqaf institutions, which will consequently increase the intention of endowers to endow cash waqf.

The quality of trade data is essential for any empirical study that uses them to construct a variable representing trade. However, previous studies have largely ignored the issue of trade data discrepancy. This discrepancy occurs when a country's claim on sectoral bilateral trade is different from the value reported by its trade partner. Using a size ratio and correlation coefficient computed from the values reported by both parties of bilateral trades, this study examines trade data discrepancy in 20 trade sectors from 1987 to 2016 between Malaysia and its three major Asian trade partners, i.e. China, Singapore and Japan. We detect alarming discrepancy in Malaysia's trade data. We also find that this discrepancy depends on the trade partner, time and trade sector. This study calls for attention of Malaysian policymakers regarding the possibility of customs mismanagement. We recommend that future empirical studies utilising trade in the analysis to either reconcile the data or to deploy both data sources in the econometric analysis as a robustness check.

This paper evaluates the current state of the literature concerning the effects of exchange rate movements on trade balance. Thus, this paper is a review article and provides a survey of the alternative theories that focus on the effect of exchange rate changes on the trade balance. It systemizes the literature into four distinct reviews and approaches following the chronological order. The paper presents the (a) Standard Theory of International Trade, (b) Elasticity Approach, (c) Keynesian Absorption Approach, and (d) Monetary Approach. The study shows that higher attention should be given for the most plausible dynamic theory in this field, known as the J-Curve.

Originality/value: This study offers original contributions in several ways. First, it analyzes a case of a Malaysian public university (USIM) acting as a mutawalli (trustee), which remains uncommon in higher education institutions both locally and worldwide. The findings indicate the importance of engagement between the university and the community in enhancing the quality of life of the community and first-hand experience for medical students. Second, unlike most waqf initiatives that focus on education or infrastructure, this research highlights a healthcare-focused waqf project, showing its role in providing inclusive medical services to both asnaf and the wider community. Third, the study provides a context-specific socioeconomic impact assessment of a mobile ophthalmology clinic (KLiP Mobile), thus expanding the model on innovative modern waqf practices specifically for waqf-based healthcare delivery methods. Finally, by connecting waqf, healthcare access, and social sustainability, the paper enriches the interdisciplinary discussion on Islamic social finance and public health.

Purpose: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) took a pioneering step by becoming the first public university appointed as mutawalli (trustee) by the Negeri Sembilan Islamic Religious Council (MAINS). Uniquely, the waqf project is focused on healthcare services. Through the collaboration of MAINS and later the Negeri Sembilan State Government, USIM established the USIM Specialist Health Clinic (KPKU) in May 2015. These clinics provide medical services to asnaf (eligible zakat recipients), low-income groups, and paying patients seeking specialist care. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss the socio-economic impacts of waqf projects, namely the outreach program on the mobile clinic for ophthalmology of USIM Specialist Health Clinic known as KLiP Mobile. Design/methodology/approach: Data for this article were obtained from one of the coauthors, an eye specialist involved in the KLiP Mobile Outreach Program. The information covers the full-time frame from January 1, 2016, the first day of the outreach campaign, to June 23, 2025. During the mobile clinic sessions, information was gathered directly from patients, either through walk-ins or booked referrals. Each patient had an in-person ophthalmological examination and interview performed by trained medical professionals. Before analysis, the gathered data was methodically documented, anonymized to preserve patient privacy, and then cleaned. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 24, was used to analyze the data. To summarize the data and provide a general picture of patient demographics, the frequency of eye problems identified, and service usage trends, descriptive statistical techniques were employed. Descriptive statistics were chosen for this study because they allow for patient profiling and the identification of trends and distributions in the dataset, both of which are critical for assessing the KLiP Mobile Outreach Program's coverage, reach, and initial community impact. In addition to that telephone interviews were also conducted with 45 patients from the 2023 record. The data was later transcribed and analyze using thematic analysis. Findings: The study indicates that the KLiP Mobile project enhanced access to affordable ophthalmology services for asnaf and low-income groups, while also raising community awareness on eye health. It further highlights the socio-economic value of integrating waqf resources with state support to deliver sustainable healthcare services. Research limitations/implications: Due to the time constraint, the study is limited to a single case and relies on descriptive analysis, which may not capture the full range of socio-economic outcomes. Future studies should include other waqf-based projects under the USIM Healthcare Sdn Bhd and apply other methods to obtain data such as focus groups and survey. Practical implications: The findings suggest that healthcare-based waqf initiatives can be scaled to other medical services, especially those high cost and critical medical services, encouraging greater community participation and strengthening sustainable waqf management practices. Originality/value: This study offers original contributions in several ways. First, it analyzes a case of a Malaysian public university (USIM) acting as a mutawalli (trustee), which remains uncommon in higher education institutions both locally and worldwide. The findings indicate the importance of engagement between the university and the community in enhancing the quality of life of the community and first-hand experience for medical students. Second, unlike most waqf initiatives that focus on education or infrastructure, this research highlights a healthcare-focused waqf project, showing its role in providing inclusive medical services to both asnaf and the wider community. Third, the study provides a context-specific socioeconomic impact assessment of a mobile ophthalmology clinic (KLiP Mobile), thus expanding the model on innovative modern waqf practices specifically for waqf-based healthcare delivery methods. Finally, by connecting waqf, healthcare access, and social sustainability, the paper enriches the interdisciplinary discussion on Islamic social finance and public health.

The global economy is reeling from the effects of financial crisis which led to an economic crisis triggered by the United States sub-prime mortgage crisis which started in late 2007. The sharp inflation in petroleum and food prices in the first half of 2008 also compounded the problem. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) had declared that the US economy had been in recession since December 2007. Contraction in the growth rates of major developed economies thereby causing global trade in goods and services to plummet has affected open economies including Malaysia. Last year Malaysian GDP grew by about 4.6% over 2007. An ominous sign that economic growth in 2009 would be low or even negative was the 0.1% growth in GDP in the fourth quarter of 2008 compared to the same quarter in 2007. This was due mainly to a 40% drop in net exports. The slow down in growth has affected all sectors of the economy. Education in general and higher education in particular are not spared. Higher education has to compete for scarce public funds. The main objective of this paper is to understand the impact of the global economic crisis on higher education in Malaysia. A better understanding is imperative in order to prepare for the challenges ahead. The challenges ahead are within the framework of the new economic model being formulated by the government in order to lift Malaysia into a high income country within a decade. A major critical success factor is the implementation of an effective human capital development strategy.

The European Union (EU) Renewable Energy Directive set a target of 20 % share of energy from the renewable sources and 10% share of renewable energy specifically in the transport sector. This has resulted in some countries looking for bio-based alternative energies which lead to the increase in demand for bio-based feedstocks such as palm and rapeseed oil (for biodiesel) and sugar cane and corn (for ethanol). One of the new elements in the palm oil market is the growing demand for this commodity as a feedstock to biodiesel production. This will also put Malaysia in a better light on the international front for taking the effort to reduce carbon emissions. In line with this, the palm oil sector in Malaysia will be able to match the New Economic Model’s (NEM) major goals of high income, sustainability and inclusiveness. This new development is affecting the dynamics of the market, in particular, the supply and demand sectors of this commodity. This paper seeks to examine the impact of biodiesel demand on the Malaysian palm oil industry. This paper proposes a structural econometric model consisting of nine structural equations and four identities. The model has been estimated by the two stage least squares method using annual data for the period 1976–2010.

The global economy is reeling from the effects of financial crisis which led to an economic crisis triggered by the United States sub-prime mortgage crisis which started in late 2007. The sharp inflation in petroleum and food prices in the first half of 2008 also compounded the problem. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) had declared that the US economy had been in recession since December 2007. Contraction in the growth rates of major developed economies thereby causing global trade in goods and services to plummet has affected open economies including Malaysia. Last year Malaysian GDP grew by about 4.6% over 2007. An ominous sign that economic growth in 2009 would be low or even negative was the 0.1% growth in GDP in the fourth quarter of 2008 compared to the same quarter in 2007. This was due mainly to a 40% drop in net exports. The slow down in growth has affected all sectors of the economy. Education in general and higher education in particular are not spared. Higher education has to compete for scarce public funds. The main objective of this paper is to understand the impact of the global economic crisis on higher education in Malaysia. A better understanding is imperative in order to prepare for the challenges ahead. The challenges ahead are within the framework of the new economic model being formulated by the government in order to lift Malaysia into a high income country within a decade. A major critical success factor is the implementation of an effective human capital development strategy.   Keywords: Economic crisis; higher education; recession.