Explore the vast range of titles available.

Biomimetic dental implants are regarded as one of the recent clinical advancements in implant surface modification. Coatings with varying thicknesses and roughness may affect the dental implant surface’s chemical inertness, cell adhesion, and antibacterial characteristics. Different surface coatings and mechanical surface changes have been studied to improve osseointegration and decrease peri-implantitis. The surface medication increases surface energy, leading to enhanced cell proliferation and growth factors, and, consequently, to a rise in the osseointegration process. This review provides a comprehensive update on the numerous biomimetic coatings used to improve the surface characteristics of dental implants and their applications in two main categories: coating to improve osseointegration, including the hydroxyapatite layer and nanocomposites, growth factors (BMPs, PDGF, FGF), and extracellular matrix (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan, and other proteoglycans), and coatings for anti-bacterial performance, covering drug-coated dental implants (antibiotic, statin, and bisphosphonate), antimicrobial peptide coating (GL13K and human beta defensins), polysaccharide antibacterial coatings (natural chitosan and its coupling agents) and metal elements (silver, zinc, and copper).

Klebsiella species are ubiquitous in nature and can be found in the natural environment and on mucosal surfaces of mammals and it is an important multidrug-resistant pathogen affecting humans and is a major source for hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ESBL enzyme among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic methods from different hospital wards and detection of ESBL resistance genes such as TEM and SHV in Sulaimani city/ Kurdistan-Iraq. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical samples from different hospitals, the isolates were identified by standard technique. Screening of ESBLs was undertaken by using double disk diffusion and standard disk diffusion methods. Real-time PCR was used for genotypic detection of TEM and SHV genes according to the standard protocol. Out of 54 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; 28 were ESBL positive, The pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the most resistant antibiotic are AMP (100%), AMC (100%) followed by CAZ (83.33%), CTX (75.9%), CPM (74%), ATM (70.37%). Both TEM and SHV genes were detected among 28 (51.85%) ESBL positive by using Real-time PCR method. SHV gene was detected in most of the isolates of ESBL producers of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Internet of Things (IoT) creates a world where smart objects and services interacting autonomously. Taking into account the dynamic-heterogeneous characteristic of interconnected devices in IoT, demand for a trust model to guarantee security, authentication, authorization, and confidentiality of connected things, regardless of their functionality, is imperative. However, as far as we know, against the centrality of trust-based recommendation mechanisms in the IoT environment, there is no ambient study for investigating its techniques. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review (SLR) of trust based IoT recommendation techniques so far. Detailed classifications based on extracted parameters as well as investigation existing techniques in three different IoT layers put forth. Moreover, the advantages, disadvantages and open issues of each approach are introduced that can expand more frontier in obtaining accurate IoT recommendation in the future.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/froh.2025.1632233.].

Objective Periodontal disease (PD) and cognitive disorders (CDs) are common in older people, and these variables appear to be linked. The aim of this article was to assess this association using an umbrella meta‐analysis. Methods PubMed and MEDLINE were searched for records until June 2025. The groups were compared using odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR). Results A total of 20 meta‐analyses were included. Individuals with PD and its consequences had higher chances of having/developing all‐type CDs: periodontitis (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.37–1.97, p = < 0.0001), tooth loss (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.32–1.71, p = < 0.0001). The risk was much higher for patients with severe periodontitis: (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.26–3.20, p = < 0.0001). Pooled analysis for cohort studies was (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20–1.32, p = < 0.0001). Conclusion PD is associated with CDs with low to moderate certainty of evidence measured by GRADE.

Background and Aims Children with chronic conditions such as heart diseases, asthma, severe respiratory infections, epilepsy, organ failure, tumors, and recurring acute diseases such as sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, or even iron and vitamin supplements are taking pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) for long durations. There is a growing concern and evidence in the literature about the harmful effects of PLMs on dentitions. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive update on PLM consumption as a risk factor for dental caries. Methods An electronic search was conducted across various databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar using the relevant MeSH terms and keywords “liquid medication,” “pediatric liquid medication,” “chronically ill children,” “children,” “dental caries,” “dental erosion,” “sugar content of medications,” and “endogenous pH of medications”. Results A total of 33 studies were included in this narrative review. Some reports have linked the usage of PLMs in chronically ill children to dental erosion and caries. Physiochemical properties of PLM solutions, such as their sugar content and endogenous pH define their carcinogenicity and erosive potential. Indeed, several in vitro studies reported the erosive potential of PLMs on dental hard tissue structure when viewed under scanning electron microscopes. Some other studies have focused on the role of pediatricians, dentists, and families/parents. Conclusion Studies support a positive association and suggest a higher caries risk experience among chronically ill children that consume PLMs. A multidisciplinary collaboration is needed between pediatricians, dentists, manufacturers and families to maximize the benefits of PLMs and minimizing its possible harms on oral health.

Natural polysaccharides are polymers that are typically made up of over ten monosaccharides connected by glycosidic linkages. Because of their sustainability, renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, natural polysaccharides and their derivatives have found extensive application in the food, pharmaceutical, medical and dental industries in recent years. Chitosan is one of the important members of the natural polysaccharide family with proven antimicrobial, biocompatibility, biodegradability, solubility and film-forming properties. These characteristics make chitosan an excellent candidate for biomedical applications. Chitosan, either alone or in conjunction with other materials, were used in many preclinical and clinical studies related to oral health. There is a growing body of research in these areas indicating its raising trends. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive update on the applications of chitosan in various fields of dentistry. To investigate this, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase databases were searched until April 2025. A total of 41 clinical human trials published in the last ten years were included. The contents of these studies were qualitatively and critically assessed. Based on the studies covered in this review, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Chitosan is a safe and effective biomaterial for oral and dental applications. (2) Chitosan has been used nearly in all fields of stomatology. (3) Chitosan has been used in the form of gel, solution, scaffold, mouthwash, brush, toothpaste, coating material, intra-canal medicament, sustainable drug release compound, chewing gum, adhesive and varnish. (4) The preliminary research shows promising results. (5) However, at this stage and compared to the established treatment modalities, their utilization in human clinical trials should be viewed as promising supplementary and adjuncts pending further validation through further clinical trials.

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of the gingival tissue with a variable clinical manifestation. Typically, the hyperplastic gingiva is normal in color and consistency, and the tendency of bleeding is minimal. The swelling may be limited to a particular location or generalized over the whole gingiva. Usually, the symptoms appear during and after the eruption of permanent dentition. Gingival proliferation in HGF causes a variety of esthetic and practical issues. Depending on the size and intensity of the overgrowth, speech and chewing may be impaired. Moreover, diastema and prolonged primary dentition retention may occur. Case Reports: This article describes the identification, management, and treatment approaches of four cases affecting a Syrian family who lived in Arbat refugee camp in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq. Conclusion: Proliferative fibrous outgrowth of the gingival tissue, with different degrees of involvement, is a hallmark of HGF. Surgery is frequently necessary to restore function and appearance, though varying degrees of recurrence is anticipated. Nonetheless, the psychological advantages of cosmetic improvement exceed the dangers of recurrence by a wide margin, especially in teenagers.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, benign fibro‐osseous lesion characterized by replacement of normal bone with extensive fibrous stroma due to abnormalities in osteoblast differentiation. After puberty and during adulthood, FD lesions usually become quiescent. However, some cases show signs of regrowth and reactivation. Here, we report a previously stable maxillary FD case in a 32‐year‐old man reactivated after a mild COVID‐19 infection. We hypothesize that SARS‐CoV‐2 may utilize diverse mechanisms to induce tumor/cancer in multiple organs, including initiating inflammatory cascades and modifying tumor‐suppressing pathways. The capacity of SARS‐CoV‐2 to enhance the expression of proinflammatory and tumorigenic molecules necessitates further research to ascertain any correlation between this viral infection and FD or other similar diseases.

Hip fractures are common in patients with poor bone quality and are seen to affect the elderly and frail population. We report a case of implant failure after fixing an unstable intertrochanteric fracture with a dynamic hip screw (DHS). The patient presented with a DHS that had migrated into the pelvis approximately six months after surgery. Plain radiographs showed migration of the DHS through the acetabulum and into the pelvis. Migration of DHS into the pelvis is an extremely rare complication and has only been reported a few times. A 71-year-old man presented with a fall and confusion. The patient reported having a fall but could not recall the exact events. Past medical history included Alzheimer's dementia, osteoporosis, left total hip replacement, right DHS, peripheral neuropathy, and recurrent falls. He had undergone reduction and fixation of a right intertrochanteric fracture with DHS implant via direct lateral approach six months before hospital admission. On examination, he had right-sided hip pain and was unable to straighten leg raise. His abdomen was soft and non-tender, with no distension or palpable masses. Neurovascular status was normal, and no signs of infection were detected. On the anteroposterior radiograph, the implant seemed to have migrated through the acetabulum and into the abdomen. A CT of the abdomen and pelvis was performed to identify any visceral injuries (negative) and for surgical planning. The patient underwent a midline laparotomy to remove the implant. Although the exact reason for the implant failure is unknown, the migration of an unbroken hip screw into the abdomen and pelvis requiring laparotomy has not been reported in literature.