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"Mohammed, K. A"
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Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles mediated Annona muricata as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducer factor in breast cancer cell lines
This study investigated for the first time a simple bio-synthesis approach for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using
Annona muricata L
(
A. muricata
) plant extract to test their anti-cancer effects. The presence of CuONPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antiproliferative properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against (AMJ-13), (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines, and the human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) as healthy cells. This study indicates that CuONPs reduced cell proliferation for AMJ-13 and MCF-7. HBL-100 cells were not significantly inhibited for several concentration levels or test periods. The outcomes suggest that the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles acted against the growth of specific cell lines observed in breast cancer. It was observed that cancer cells had minor colony creation after 24 h sustained CuONPs exposure using (IC
50
) concentration for AMJ-13 was (17.04 µg mL
−1
). While for MCF-7 cells was (18.92 µg mL
−1
). It indicates the uptake of CuONPs by cancer cells, triggering apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with CuONPs enhanced Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, probably caused by cell membrane damage, creating leaks comprising cellular substances like lactate dehydrogenase. Hence, research results suggested that the synthesized CuONPs precipitated anti-proliferative effects by triggering cell death through apoptosis.
Journal Article
Modification of SWCNTs with hybrid materials ZnO–Ag and ZnO–Au for enhancing bactericidal activity of phagocytic cells against Escherichia coli through NOX2 pathway
Zinc oxide-silver (ZnO–Ag), and zinc oxide-gold (ZnO–Au) nano-composites were prepared through wet chemical process and laced into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to yield ZnO–Ag-SWCNTs, and ZnO–Au-SWCNTs hybrids. These nano-composite-laced SWCNTs hybrids were characterized using Raman spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The hybrids were evaluated for their effects on phagocytic cells and bactericidal activity against the gram-negative bacteria
E. coli.
Their phagocytic cell activities and intracellular killing actions were found to be significantly increased, as the ZnO–Ag-SWCNTs and ZnO–Au-SWCNTs nano-hybrids induced widespread clearance of
Escherichia coli.
An increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also led to upregulated phagocytosis, which was determined mechanistically to involve the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) pathway. The findings emphasized the roles of ZnO–Ag- and ZnO–Au-decorated SWCNTs in the prevention of bacterial infection by inhibiting biofilm formation, showing the potential to be utilized as catheter coatings in the clinic.
Journal Article
Analysis of the role of A-cations in lead-free A3SbI3 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) perovskite solar cells
Recently, the solar energy sector has been greatly interested in lead (Pb)-free inorganic halide perovskites due to their remarkable mechanical, optical, electronic, and structural characteristics. Our study comprehensively assessed these attributes in cubic A
3
SbI
3
(A = Ba, Sr, Ca) perovskite materials via first principles density functional theory (FP-DFT) and SCAPS-1D simulation. These materials, similar to lead-free inorganic metal halide perovskites, demonstrated favorable tolerance factors, direct bandgaps, mechanical robustness, minimal losses, and high absorption coefficients. We aimed to explore how A-cation size influences their properties and solar cell performance, enabling effective comparisons. We systematically investigated novel A
3
SbI
3
-based structures with tin (IV) sulfide (SnS
2
) buffers, varying layer thickness, doping density, and defect density to evaluate photovoltaic (PV) capabilities. The Ba
3
SbI
3
absorber exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 30.26% with J
SC
of 44.24 mA/cm
2
, FF of 85.65%, and V
OC
of 0.80 V, while Sr
3
SbI
3
and Ca
3
SbI
3
absorbers achieved PCE of 26.93% and 20.87%, respectively, with corresponding J
SC
of 34.5 and 21.87 mA/cm
2
, FF of 86.90% and 85.85%, and V
OC
of 0.90 and 1.11 V. Our A
3
SbI
3
-based solar cell structures offer innovative alternatives to conventional designs.
Journal Article
A critical review on geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water: sources, effects, detection, and removal techniques
The exposure to geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in water has caused a negative impact on product reputation and customer distrust. The occurrence of these compounds and their metabolites during drinking water treatment processes has caused different health challenges. Conventional treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination employed in removing these two commonest taste and odor compounds (GSM and 2-MIB) were found to be ineffective and inherent shortcomings. The removal of GSM and MIB were found to be effective using combination of activated carbon and ozonation; however, high treatment cost associated with ozonation technique and poor regeneration efficiency of activated carbon constitute serious setback to the combined system. Other shortcoming of the activated carbon adsorption and ozonation include low adsorption efficiency due to the presence of natural organic matter and humic acid. In light of this background, the review is focused on the sources, effects, environmental pathways, detection, and removal techniques of 2-MIB and GSM from aqueous media. Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were found to be promising to remove the two compounds from water but accompanied with different challenges. Herein, to fill the knowledge gap analysis on these algal metabolites (GSM and 2-MIB), the integration of treatment processes vis-a-viz combination of one or more AOPs with other conventional methods are considered logical to remove these odorous compounds and hence could improve overall water quality.
Journal Article
Insights into the photovoltaic properties of indium sulfide as an electron transport material in perovskite solar cells
According to recent reports, planar structure-based organometallic perovskite solar cells (OPSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE), making them very competitive with the more traditional silicon photovoltaics. A complete understanding of OPSCs and their individual parts is still necessary for further enhancement in PCE. In this work, indium sulfide (In
2
S
3
)-based planar heterojunction OPSCs were proposed and simulated with the SCAPS (a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator)-1D programme. Initially, OPSC performance was calibrated with the experimentally fabricated architecture (FTO/In
2
S
3
/MAPbI
3
/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au) to evaluate the optimum parameters of each layer. The numerical calculations showed a significant dependence of PCE on the thickness and defect density of the MAPbI
3
absorber material. The results showed that as the perovskite layer thickness increased, the PCE improved gradually but subsequently reached a maximum at thicknesses greater than 500 nm. Moreover, parameters involving the series resistance as well as the shunt resistance were recognized to affect the performance of the OPSC. Most importantly, a champion PCE of over 20% was yielded under the optimistic simulation conditions. Overall, the OPSC performed better between 20 and 30 °C, and its efficiency rapidly decreases above that temperature.
Journal Article
Recent Advances in Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Their Significant Biomedical Properties
Compared to traditional physical and chemical approaches, nanobiotechnology and plant-based green synthesis procedures offer significant advantages, as well as having a greater range of medical and biotechnological applications. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) have recently been recognized as a promising option for many industries, including optics, electrics, packaged foods, and medicine, due to their biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and cost-effectiveness. Several studies have shown that zinc ions are important in triggering cell apoptosis by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and releasing zinc ions (Zn2+), which are toxic to cells. The toxic nature of the chemicals used in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles limits their clinical utility. An overview of recent developments in green ZnO NP synthesis is presented in this review, emphasizing plant parts as reducing agents and their medical applications, including their antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as key mechanisms of action for these applications to facilitate further research on the biomedical fields in the future.
Journal Article
Analytical Solutions for the Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Using the Conformable Triple Laplace Transform Decomposition Method
In this paper, a novel analytical method for solving nonlinear partial differential equations is studied. This method is known as triple Laplace transform decomposition method. This method is generalized in the sense of conformable derivative. Important results and theorems concerning this method are discussed. A new algorithm is proposed to solve linear and nonlinear partial differential equations in three dimensions. Moreover, some examples are provided to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. This method presents a wide applicability to solve nonlinear partial differential equations in the sense of conformable derivative.
Journal Article
A New Generalized Definition of Fractal–Fractional Derivative with Some Applications
In this study, a new generalized fractal–fractional (FF) derivative is proposed. By applying this definition to some elementary functions, we show its compatibility with the results of the FF derivative in the Caputo sense with the power law. The main elements of classical differential calculus are introduced in terms of this new derivative. Thus, we establish and demonstrate the basic operations with derivatives, chain rule, mean value theorems with their immediate applications and inverse function’s derivative. We complete the theory of generalized FF calculus by proposing a notion of integration and presenting two important results of integral calculus: the fundamental theorem and Barrow’s rule. Finally, we analytically solve interesting FF ordinary differential equations by applying our proposed definition.
Journal Article
Investigating the Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced Using Papaver somniferum Extract on Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, and the Induction of Apoptosis in the THP-1 Cell Line
This study investigated the effect of novel zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) biosynthesized employing
Papaver somniferum
leaf on oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis in the leukemia cancer THP-1 cell. The obtained ZnO was examined using SEM, AFM, and TEM microscopy, which revealed an irregular spherical morphology with a size ranging from 20 to 30 nm, and the UV–vis absorbance revealed a strong absorption peak in the range of 360–370, nm confirming the production of ZnO NPs. THP-1 cells were subjected to an MTT, an EdU proliferation, a lactate dehydrogenase release tests, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction experiment, a DAPI staining detection assay, and a flow cytometric analysis for Annexin V to measure the effects of ZnO NPs on cancer cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and necrosis. Our results show that ZnO NPs inhibit THP-1 line in a concentration-dependent pattern. It was observed that ZnO NPs triggered necrosis (cell death) and apoptosis in the cell line. ZnO NPs massively improved the formation of intracellular ROS, which is crucial in deactivating the development of leukemic cells. In conclusion, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using
Papaver somniferum
extract have the ability to inhibit proliferation leukemic cancer cells, making them potential anticancer agents.
Journal Article