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This study was conducted to evaluate some terpenes effect on the behavior and immune function of hemocytes in adults of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Six individual different terpenes these are: (±)-menthol, B-citronellol, (+)-3-carene, (R)- (+)- limonene, citronella oil and orange terpenes. The results revealed significant differences between the terpenes used on the olfactory response on this insect, in that half of the compounds were very attractive while the other half were repellant to them. This behavior study results with olfactometer citronella oil exhibited an 80% attraction response rate for both sexes, while menthol exhibited a 60% attraction response rate for females and 100% for males. By contrast, menthol had a more significant effect on adults than citronella, lethal concentration at 50 scale (LC50) values of 1.03, 0.89, and 0.9 mg, and LC95 values of 5.09, 2.01, and 1.59 mg, after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. For citronella oil, the LC50 values were 2.09, 1.76, and 1.70 mg after 24, 48, and 72 h, and the LC95 values were 5.5, 3.7, and 1.5 mg after 24, 48 and 72h, were noted. In the present study, the effects of citronella and methanol insecticides were observed on six types of hemocytes namely prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytes, coagulocytes and spherulocytes. Both citronella oil and menthol had a histopathological effect on the hemocytes of the adult red palm weevil, specifically, on the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The findings also revealed that the vacuoles in some hemocytes, specifically, the prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes were more sensitive than those in other hemocytes, which remained unaffected by the treatment.

A novel synthesis of thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines 4(a–e), pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines 5(a–e), 6(a–e), and 7(a–e), pyrano[2′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines 8(a–e), and benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoloine9(a–e) derivatives starting from 2-(Bis-methylsulfanyl-methylene)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione 2 as efficient α,α dioxoketen dithioacetal is reported and the synthetic approaches of these types of compounds will provide an innovative molecular framework to the designing of new active heterocyclic compounds. In our study, we also present optimization of the synthetic method along with a biological evaluation of these newly synthesized compounds as antioxidants and antibacterial agents against the bacterial strains, like S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Among all the evaluated compounds, it was found that some showed significant antioxidant activity at 10 μg/mL while the others exhibited better antibacterial activity at 100 μg/mL. The results of this study showed that compound 6(c) possessed remarkable antibacterial activity, whereas compound 9(c) exhibited the highest efficacy as an antioxidant. The structures of the new synthetic compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR.

This study was conducted to evaluate some terpenes effect on the behavior and immune function of hemocytes in adults of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus . Six individual different terpenes these are: (±)-menthol, B-citronellol, ( + )-3-carene, (R)- ( + )- limonene, citronella oil and orange terpenes. The results revealed significant differences between the terpenes used on the olfactory response on this insect, in that half of the compounds were very attractive while the other half were repellant to them. This behavior study results with olfactometer citronella oil exhibited an 80% attraction response rate for both sexes, while menthol exhibited a 60% attraction response rate for females and 100% for males. By contrast, menthol had a more significant effect on adults than citronella, lethal concentration at 50 scale (LC 50 ) values of 1.03, 0.89, and 0.9 mg, and LC 95 values of 5.09, 2.01, and 1.59 mg, after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. For citronella oil, the LC 50 values were 2.09, 1.76, and 1.70 mg after 24, 48, and 72 h, and the LC 95 values were 5.5, 3.7, and 1.5 mg after 24, 48 and 72h, were noted. In the present study, the effects of citronella and methanol insecticides were observed on six types of hemocytes namely prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytes, coagulocytes and spherulocytes. Both citronella oil and menthol had a histopathological effect on the hemocytes of the adult red palm weevil, specifically, on the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The findings also revealed that the vacuoles in some hemocytes, specifically, the prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes were more sensitive than those in other hemocytes, which remained unaffected by the treatment. The effects of citronella and menthol on RPW immunity were demonstrated in this study, and this information may be applied to their usage in integrated pest control at sub-lethal dosages.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published \"Trends Shaping Education\" reports and thoroughly evaluated the crucial breakthroughs and alterations affecting the global educational environment between 2008 and 2022. The study explains new trends changing how education is delivered, received, and comprehended in the modern era. This research studies the deep links between technology, societal transformations, economic fluctuations, and educational policies that drive these patterns. The study provides essential perspectives on how educational institutions are shifting to meet the changing needs of large populations of students and teachers by analyzing these trends. The abstract briefly outlines the emphasis of the reports on education's ever-changing nature and its ongoing adaptation to handle the difficulties and opportunities of the twenty-first century. This study presents a summary of six of the most prominent reports that present analyses of trends shaping education between 2008 and 2022 from education experts on global responses to create different resources on global education trends to provide policymakers with the lessons learned from implementing different strategies and contexts to ensure that education does not stop in any government. Presented reports and others are available at this link:Trends Shaping Education - OECD.

Asthma is a chronic disorder affecting health-related quality of life. This study aimed to explore differences in sleep quality based on individual characteristics, such as smoking habits and asthma. This cross-sectional study included Saudi citizens aged ≥18 years. A questionnaire was used to collect information regarding demographics, sleep quality, smoking history, and physical activity. We included 489 participants (male, 58%), divided into three main groups for analysis: (1) individuals with asthma (n=52), smokers (n=104), and controls (n=333). In total, 71.15% (n=37) of individuals with asthma and 64.4% (n=67) of the smokers had sleep difficulties. Furthermore, 61.5% (n=32) of individuals with asthma and 56.7% (n=59) of smokers were found to be insufficiently active. Additionally, 15.4% (n=8) of individuals with asthma and 15.4% of smokers (n=16) were moderately active. Finally, 23.1% (n=12) of individuals with asthma and 27.9% (n=29) of smokers were active. The questionnaire also revealed that 57.7% (n=282) of respondents had poor sleep quality, with a significantly higher rate among individuals with asthma (71.15%; n=37; mean ± SD: 10 ± 3.57) compared to that among non-asthmatics (50%; n=245; mean ± SD: 6.58 ± 3.61; =0.027). Asthma has a significant impact on sleep quality and physical activity levels. Poor sleep quality adversely affects the quality of life, suggesting that increased public awareness of these risk factors is crucial.

Resilience is crucial for healthcare teams to navigate the demanding nature of medicine effectively.Implementations that encourage collaboration, among healthcare professionals are key, in promoting team resilience.This study delves into the ways interdisciplinary methods boost communication efficiency reducing burnout and enhancing team dynamics.By utilizing decision making,strong leadership and professional growth strategies can be developed to help healthcare teams build resilience and respond to changing requirements effectively. Discussing obstacles, like resources and cultural differences and how to encourage collaboration across disciplines is important, in healthcare settings.A strong healthcare team not helps its members. Also leads to better patient results and a sustainable healthcare system.