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"Mohammed Ali, Mohammed Ali"
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Molecular insights into Valencene synthase (SgTPS-V) and its role in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis
Background
Salvia species produce a diverse array of terpenoids, particularly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with applications in medicine, perfumery, and industry. However, the genes involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis in
Salvia guaranitica
remain poorly characterized.
Results
This study centers on the characterization of the
Valencene synthase SgTPS-V
from
S. guaranitica
. In silico analyses of
SgTPS-V
revealed conserved domains and motifs characteristic of terpene synthases, including DDxxxD, RWW, RxR, and NSE/DTE, and the phylogenetic tree placed
it
within the TPS-a subfamily, which encodes mono- and sesquiterpene synthases. Overexpression of
SgTPS-V
in
Arabidopsis thaliana
resulted in enhanced flowering relative to the wild-type. Also, comparing the chemical profiles of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants to wild-types indicated that
SgTPS-V
catalyzes the synthesis of Valencene, (-)-Valencene, (-)-Ledol, Viridiflorine and Valencene (isomer I), suggesting its role in sesquiterpene biosynthesis. Moreover, in vitro enzyme assay analysis for recombinant SgTPS-V protein showed that SgTPS-V had the capacity to convert FPP to considerable amount of Valencene and other amounts of sesquiterpenes. And based on results the major product for SgTPS-V was designated as a Valencene synthase.
Conclusions
These results provide light on the molecular basis of sesquiterpene production in
S. guaranitica
and pave the way for the discovery of other terpene synthase genes in this species.
Highlights
Molecular cloning and characterization of Valencene synthase gene from
S. guaranitica
.
Putative tissue expression pattern of
SgTPS-V
gene under different tissues.
Putative conserved domains and motifs characteristic of
SgTPS-V
gene.
Journal Article
Interpreting global trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality
International trends in traditional diabetes complications (cardiovascular, renal, peripheral vascular, ophthalmic, hepatic or neurological diseases) and mortality rates are poorly characterised. An earlier review of studies published up to 2015 demonstrated that most data come from a dozen high-income countries (HICs) in North America, Europe or the Asia–Pacific region and that, in these countries at least, rates of acute glycaemic fluctuations needing medical attention and amputations, myocardial infarction and mortality were all declining over the period. Here, we provide an updated review of published literature on trends in type 2 diabetes complications and mortality in adults since 2015. We also discuss issues related to data collection, analysis and reporting that have influenced global trends in type 2 diabetes and its complications. We found that most data on trends in type 2 diabetes, its complications and mortality come from a small number of HICs with comprehensive surveillance systems, though at least some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from Africa and Latin America are represented in this review. The published data suggest that HICs have experienced declines in cardiovascular complication rates and all-cause mortality in people with diabetes. In parallel, cardiovascular complications and mortality rates in people with diabetes have increased over time in LMICs. However, caution is warranted in interpreting trends from LMICs due to extremely sparse data or data that are not comparable across countries. We noted that approaches to case ascertainment and definitions of complications and mortality (numerators) and type 2 diabetes (the denominator) vary widely and influence the interpretation of international data. We offer four key recommendations to more rigorously document trends in rates of type 2 diabetes complications and mortality, over time and worldwide: (1) increasing investments in data collection systems; (2) standardising case definitions and approaches to ascertainment; (3) strengthening analytical capacity; and (4) developing and implementing structured guidelines for reporting of data.
Journal Article
Royal Jelly and Its Components Promote Healthy Aging and Longevity: From Animal Models to Humans
Aging is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all living organisms. In humans, aging is associated with lowered overall functioning and increased mortality out of the risk for various age-related diseases. Hence, researchers are pushed to find effective natural interventions that can promote healthy aging and extend lifespan. Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural product that is fed to bee queens throughout their entire life. Thanks to RJ, bee queens enjoy an excellent reproductive function and lengthened lifespan compared with bee workers, despite the fact that they have the same genome. This review aimed to investigate the effect of RJ and/or its components on lifespan/healthspan in various species by evaluating the most relevant studies. Moreover, we briefly discussed the positive effects of RJ on health maintenance and age-related disorders in humans. Whenever possible, we explored the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms through which RJ can modulate age-related mechanisms to extend lifespan. RJ and its ingredients—proteins and their derivatives e.g., royalactin; lipids e.g., 10-hydroxydecenoic acid; and vitamins e.g., pantothenic acid—improved healthspan and extended lifespan in worker honeybees Apis mellifera, Drosophila Melanogaster flies, Gryllus bimaculatus crickets, silkworms, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, and mice. The longevity effect was attained via various mechanisms: downregulation of insulin-like growth factors and targeting of rapamycin, upregulation of the epidermal growth factor signaling, dietary restriction, and enhancement of antioxidative capacity. RJ and its protein and lipid ingredients have the potential to extend lifespan in various creatures and prevent senescence of human tissues in cell cultures. These findings pave the way to inventing specific RJ anti-aging drugs. However, much work is needed to understand the effect of RJ interactions with microbiome, diet, activity level, gender, and other genetic variation factors that affect healthspan and longevity.
Journal Article
The United Arab Emirates : unity in fragmentation
\"The United Arab Emirates: Unity in Fragmentation\" is a seminal scholarly analysis of the political evolution and federal integration of the UAE. Authored by Ali Mohammed Khalifa, the work investigates the complex transition of the Trucial States from a collection of fragmented, autonomous sheikhdoms under British protection into a cohesive, modern sovereign federation. The book is particularly noted for its focus on the \"trial of unity\"—the delicate negotiation between the individual sovereignty of the seven emirates and the necessity of a centralized federal authority to ensure national security and economic prosperity.
BOOK
Removal of hydrocarbons and heavy metals from petroleum water by modern green nanotechnology methods
Considered heavy metals, such as As(III), Bi(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Mn(II), Mo(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Sb(III), Se(-II), Zn(II), and contaminating chemical compounds (monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenolic or polycyclic derivatives) in wastewater (petrochemical industries: oil and gas production plants) are currently a major concern in environmental toxicology due to their toxic effects on aquatic and terrestrial life. In order to maintain biodiversity, hydrosphere ecosystems, and people, it is crucial to remove these heavy metals and polluting chemical compounds from the watery environment. In this study, different Nanoparticles (α-Fe
2
O
3
, CuO, and ZnO) were synthesized by green synthesis method using
Portulaca oleracea
leaf extract and characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometers, FTIR spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques in order to investigate morphology, composition, and crystalline structure of NPs, these were then used as adsorbent for the removal of As(III), Bi(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Mn(II), Mo(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Sb(III), Se(-II), and Zn(II) from wastewater, and removal efficiencies of were obtained 100% under optimal conditions.
Journal Article
Socioeconomic disparities and their effect on medical student academic attainment Sudanese Universities
Background
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a social classification factor that takes into account income, parental education and occupation. SES has been shown to play an important role in shaping students’ academic performance, including in medical schools, but there still remains significant variation in findings around SES and academic achievement worldwide. We aim to assess and explore socioeconomic disparities and their effects on medical school performance at Sudanese public and private universities.
Objectives
The objective of our study was to assess the effects of age, sex, living conditions, parental education and income level on the academic achievement of medical students from universities in Sudan.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at ten public universities in Sudan between September and December 2023. Participants were included if they were older than 18 years and were studying in their 2nd year or older. The data were collected using an online questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions measuring age, living conditions, parental income level and education. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants from universities. The data were analyzed using SPSS v28.0.0, and a
p
value less than 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.
Results
We received 832 responses, 516 (62%) from females and 307 (36.9%) from males. The median age was 23 years. Most students lived with their families (61.1%), followed by student housing (28.2%). This study revealed age (
p
= .024) (95% Cl: 0.025- 0.023) andhigh family income (
p
= .019) (95% Cl: 0.018- 0.02) are associated with academic achievement in the long term, as demonstrated through cumulative grade point average (cGPA).
Conclusion
The findings underscore the importance of targeted support systems to bridge the socioeconomic gaps that exist among medical students, allowing all students to thrive academically regardless of their background.
Clinical trial number
None.
Journal Article