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Objectives Designs for low-cost air monitors and associated performance data appear in many peer-reviewed articles; however, few manuscripts provide feedback from end user's experiences or comprehensive evaluation. The present study addresses the usability of the wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system from the viewpoint of the Malaysian Traffic Police (end users). This study is one of the first to chronicle end user experiences for low-cost pollution sensing. Method The evaluation involved 12 target end users to assess the usability of a prototype for Malaysian Traffic Police to manage their exposure to outdoor air pollution. The test evaluation includes a pre-test, post-task and post-test questionnaire (Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire). The main components in this Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire are Overall satisfaction, System Usefulness, Information Quality and Interface Quality. Findings The results of the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire indicated the mean score of the Overall satisfaction item (2.33), System Usefulness (2.25), Information Quality (2.36) and Interface Quality (2.17) on a scale of 1–10. Prototype users were satisfied with the system because the score is close to 1 on the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire. Conclusions A user-friendly wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system is now available for Malaysian Traffic Police. Users have stated that they are happy to use the system at work. However, in addition to more technological advances, practical implementation requires evidence supporting its efficacy, viability and effectiveness.

Traffic police riders are exposed to prolonged static postures causing significant angular deviation of the musculoskeletal, including the lumbar angle (L1-L5). This postural alteration contributes to awkward posture, musculoskeletal disorders and spinal injury, especially in the lower back area, as it is one of the most severe modern diseases nowadays. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of lumbar support with a built-in massager system on spinal angle profiles among traffic police riders. A randomised controlled trial (pre-testpost-test control design) was used to assess spinal angle pattern while riding the high-powered motorcycle for 20 minutes. Twenty-four traffic police riders were randomly selected to participate and 12 riders were assigned to the control group and 12 riders to the experimental group. The pre-test and post-test were conducted at a one-week interval. Each participant was required to wear a TruPosture Smart Shirt (to monitor spinal posture). The TruPosture Apps recorded the spinal angle pattern. The data indicated that the police riders using motorcycle seat with lumbar support and built-in massager system showed a huge improvement in maintaining posture which only involves slight spinal angle deviation changes from the spinal reference angle throughout the 20 minutes ride. The data collected then were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed-ranked test to verify a statistically significant difference between and within the control and experimental groups. There were significant differences in all sensors between the control group and experimental groups (p<0.05) and within the experimental group. According to the findings, it can be said that the ergonomic intervention prototype (lumbar support with built-in massager system) successfully helps to maintain and improve the natural curve of the spinal posture. This indirectly would reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders and spinal injury among traffic police riders.

There are many possibilities for noise exposure in industrial workplaces, including sectors that extensively use heavy machinery in processing each product. Various studies indicate a causal relationship between noise exposure and auditory/nonauditory effects among workers. Noise exposure poses risks to health and workers' hearing acuity and safety. This review paper aims to identify and summarize occupational noise exposure by examining the auditory and nonauditory effects among mill workers. The mills included in the study are palm oil, lumber, textiles, rice, sugarcane, flour, paper, and sawmills. A two-step methodology was used to achieve the aims of this narrative review. The literature search was conducted by gathering PubMed and Google Scholar papers, focusing on occupational noise in different occupational mill environments. Grey's literature was conducted by screening the worldwide national standard for the laws, guidelines, and other related information based on this topic. A total of 22 articles published have been included. The content of each publication was subsequently summarized. Most of the machine areas within the mills emitted high level of noise. The auditory effects of occupational noise exposure among mill workers were noise-induced hearing loss and hearing impairment. Hypertension, stress, communication disturbance, cardiovascular disease, and headache were the nonauditory effects experienced by workers. The recommendations provided in this review for mitigating noise exposure are derived from the hierarchy of control. Overall, most mill workers are exposed to a high noise level exceeding the standard noise exposure limit. Preventive actions should be taken to address and reduce work-related injuries among mill workers worldwide.

 Sanitary work is the backbone of the municipal system. In Pakistan, it is performed manually, often under unhygienic conditions. As a result, workers are exposed to hazardous health and safety risks.  This study aimed to investigate the safety outcomes among sanitary workers in Punjab, Pakistan.  A qualitative research approach was used, employing focus group discussions (FGDs) for data collection. Two FGDs were conducted, involving a total of 19 sanitary workers and two managers from the Cantonment Board Taxila and the Lahore Waste Management Company.  Thematic analysis, conducted manually, revealed that while most sanitary workers reported minimal major injuries due to the consistent use of gloves and masks, they still experienced various minor health issues. These included skin allergies, burns, eye infections, respiratory infections, and minor cuts on the hands and other parts of the body. Additionally, participants highlighted significant psychological challenges, such as fear of chronic illness, stress, and depression, largely attributed to their demanding workloads.  The findings underscore the urgent need for improved occupational health policies in Pakistan to address the physical and mental health challenges faced by sanitary workers. The government should implement comprehensive health and safety regulations to enhance their well-being and mitigate the adverse health effects associated with their work.

Introduction Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) remain a significant occupational hazard among healthcare workers (HCWs), contributing to the risk of serious bloodborne infections and psychological distress. This study looks at how much HCWs know about preventing NSIs, their attitudes toward it, and what they do to stay safe, while also examining how their background and job affect their safety practices and the chances of getting injured. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 188 HCWs at Diwan Health Complex, Oman, using a validated structured questionnaire. Of the 240 HCWs approached, 188 responded (response rate: 78.3%). Sample size was calculated using a 50% prevalence assumption to ensure maximum variability and adequate precision. Results The mean knowledge score was 16.5 ± 2.83 (maximum: 20), reflecting good awareness overall. However, only 25% knew that soap and water should be used immediately after an NSI, and 60.6% were unaware that no post-exposure prophylaxis exists for hepatitis C. About one-third of HCWs (34.2%) reported at least one NSI. Logistic regression showed that higher knowledge scores (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.05-1.43, p = 0.013) and male gender (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.01-3.32, p = 0.045) significantly predicted NSI occurrence. Conclusions Despite adequate knowledge, critical misconceptions and unsafe practices persist, highlighting a \"know-do\" gap. These findings underscore the urgent need for competency-based interventions and institutional accountability. A nationwide NSI prevention training module, incorporating scenario-based education, mandatory reporting, and adoption of safety-engineered devices, is strongly recommended to reduce occupational risks and protect HCWs.