Explore the vast range of titles available.

Many adolescents with obesity do not meet recommendations for nutrition, physical and sedentary activities, and sleep habits, all of which can influence weight management. To explore barriers and enablers that influenced the adoption of lifestyle behavior changes among adolescents receiving multidisciplinary clinical care for pediatric weight management. In this multi-centre, qualitative description study, we used purposeful sampling to recruit 13-17 year olds (body mass index ≥85th percentile) enrolled in one of two pediatric weight management clinics in Edmonton and Ottawa, Canada. Adolescents participated in one-on-one, in-person, semi-structured interviews in English or French. Interviews lasted 30-60 minutes, were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and managed using NVivo 11. Data were triangulated using transcripts, field notes, and memos and analyzed by two independent researchers using inductive, semantic thematic analysis. In total, 19 adolescents (12 Anglophone and 7 Francophone; 15.1±1.7 years old; 3.5±0.6 BMI z-score; n = 11 female; n = 13 Caucasian) participated. Adolescents reported diverse barriers to and enablers of healthy nutrition, physical and sedentary activities, and sleep habits, which we organized into the following themes: physiological mechanisms and physical health status, self-regulation for behavior change, controllability and competence beliefs, social relationships and interactions, and accessibility to and availability of opportunities for lifestyle enhancement. Across these themes and lifestyle areas, we identified three shared barriers and/or enablers, including the degree of controllability, the impact of mental health, and social pressures related to weight management. This research provides evidence that can be used to tailor interventions and health services delivery, including a focus on psychosocial well-being, to support adolescents with obesity in making and maintaining healthy lifestyle behavior changes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209219.].

Abstract Purpose The objective of the present study is to examine physical and mental health trajectories of change in youth with severe obesity attending a tertiary care weight management program. It was predicted that younger children would show favourable changes in body mass index (BMI), markers of cardiovascular health, quality of life, and mental health. Methods This 2-year longitudinal study examined health trajectories of children referred to a weight management program at a Canadian paediatric tertiary care centre from November 2010 to December 2013. Participants were 209 of 217 consecutive referred paediatric patients (families) aged 3 to 17 years who met criteria for severe obesity and consented to participate. To maximize generalizability of results, there were no exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were children’s quality of life and BMI. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Results The findings suggest an improvement in mental health, quality of life, and cardiometabolic health of children and adolescents of all ages over the 2 years of programming. These positive findings were consistent across gender, age, and distance to the program. BMI trajectory changes varied across age cohorts such that younger children showed more favourable outcomes. The retention rate over the 2 years was high at 82.9%. Conclusions This is the first study to show improvements in both physical and mental health outcomes beyond 1 year in a tertiary care setting with a high-risk population of children and youth with severe obesity. Findings highlight the need to examine both mental and physical health outcomes beyond 1 year.

Research has examined the relation of prior contact and / or symbolic beliefs on attitudes toward homosexuals or gay men. Little research though has been conducted on attitudes toward lesbian women. We examined the simultaneous relationships of symbolic beliefs and prior contact on attitudes toward gay men and attitudes toward lesbian women. Regression analyses indicated that on their own either symbolic beliefs or prior contact were significant predictors of attitudes towards both groups. When examined together though symbolic beliefs predicted attitudes toward lesbian women whereas prior contact predicted attitudes toward gay men. Overall, participants had more contact with gay men than lesbian women. The implications of our results are discussed in terms of the contact hypothesis. Les recherches antérieures on examiné la relation du contact antérieur et / ou des convictions symboliques et les attitudes envers les homosexuels ou les hommes gais. Cependant, peu d'études ont été réalisées sur les attitudes envers les lesbiennes. Nous avons examiné les relations simultanées des convictions symboliques et du contact antérieur sur les attitudes envers les hommes gais et les attitudes envers les lesbiennes. Des analyses de régression ont indiqué qu'en propre les convictions symboliques ou le contact antérieur ne sont pas des prédicteurs significatifs des attitudes envers les deux groupes. Mais lorsqu'on les examiné ensemble, les convictions symboliques prédisent les attitudes envers les lesbiennes alors que le contact antérieur prédit les attitudes envers les hommes gais. Dans l'ensemble, les participants avaient eu plus de contacts avec des hommes gais qu'avec des lesbiennes. Les implications de nos résultats font l'objet de discussions en termes d'hypothèse du contact.

Sexual harassment is a serious problem no matter who perpetrates it, however, the majority of empirical sexual harassment literature has examined traditional (supervisor/supervisee, faculty/student) and peer sexual harassment with only a small number of studies examining contrapower sexual harassment. Contrapower sexual harassment can be defined as the sexual harassment of individuals (usually women) with more organizational power by others (usually men) with less organizational power. This study examined attitudes toward contrapower harassment in graduate students, a unique sample because of their dual role as a student and a teacher. A mail survey was distributed to a random sample of 595 graduate students at the University of Windsor and was completed by 172 graduate students (29% response rate). Participants received one of four sexual harassment scenarios in which the role of the graduate student (victim or perpetrator), as well as the type of harassment (contrapower or traditional) was varied. They rated how likely it was that the scenario was sexual harassment, as well as made judgments about the responsibility of the victim and perpetrator. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)