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"Molle, Willem"
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Competitiveness, Emu and Cohesion Experiences in the Past (2000–2013); Assessment of the Present (2014–2020) and Lessons for the Future (2020 and Beyond)
The European Union has adopted several strategies to cope with a set of inter-related problems. The best known is the Europe 2020 strategy with its focus on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Another is fostering balanced macro growth via a strengthening of the EMU. Finally the cohesion policy has to cope with spatial unbalances. The objective of this paper is to highlight the main issues in three policy fields: competitiveness, EMU and cohesion.1 Two scenarios for post 2020 development are described, which show the need for further strengthening of EU policies and of the quality of government at all levels.
Journal Article
Global Economic Institutions
This book critically examines global economic institutions. It presents an accessible fluid history of globalization and explains how global public goods should be defined and how global economic institutions work. It also looks at the effect that major organizations - including the WTO, IMF and UNEP - have on areas such as finance, the environment and transport. The beauty of Global Economic Institutions lies in its unique approach and the author's ability to explain complicated economic and political systems and terms with commendable clarity and style. Students and academics interested in international business and economics will find this book a useful tool. Researchers, business consultants and policy-makers may come to see this volume as indispensable.
Willem Molle is Professor at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and is Chairman of the Board of Management of ECORYS Research and Consulting.
eBook
Economic governance in the EU: implementing policies with the financial and coordination modes
In the course of its development the EU has had to deal with an expanding policy agenda, covering ever more subjects and an increased diversity of instruments. It has also had to deal with an increased number of member states and an extended range of partners (regional authorities, non governmental organisations). These developments have greatly increased the risk of inconsistencies between the various policies pursued and between the various levels of competence for the same policy. Inconsistent policies are less effective than they ought to be. So, they imply a welfare loss. The EU has tried to cope with the challenge of consistency by adapting its governance. Traditionally it uses mainly the regulatory method. The effectiveness of this method has recently come into question. So alternative methods are now favoured. One is the financial method; which implies more expenditure via the EU budget. The other is coordination. The application of both methods has certain advantages and disadvantages. The problem for policy makers is then to determine the choice between the modes first and the optimal level of budgetary and coordination efforts next. Notwithstanding its obvious policy relevance the problem has got little attention from academia. This book sets out to contribute to a solution by following two approaches. The first is a systematisation of the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the financial and coordination methods. The second is an empirical investigation into a range of European policy processes, implying to different degrees budgetary outlays and coordination.
eBook
Governing the World Economy
The major problems the world faces have increased since the turn of the millennium. Recurrent storms on the financial markets have ravaged many countries, poverty is still widespread, notwithstanding decades of massive development aid, the environment remains in acute jeopardy and the major world institutions have often reached an impasse in attempting to combat these difficulties.
The issues ask for rapid and consistent action by policy makers but the interests of international organizations, such as the WTO, World Bank and Kyoto protocol, have become too diversified to come to multilateral agreements setting uniform rules and asking for strict compliance with these rules.
Alternative solutions are sought and development in the future is likely to be characterized by fuzzy and complex interactions between flexible groups of actors seeking agreements on the solutions for the most pressing new problems. Progress will become rather unpredictable and will depend on time, place and subject specific cases as well as convergence of interests.
This need not be only negative. Flexible solutions have the advantage that they can be easily adapted in case the conditions change. In this new book, the follow up to his Global Economic Institutions, Willem Molle maps out the unfolding of this process.
eBook
European Economic Governance
In the course of its development the EU has had to deal with an expanding policy agenda, covering ever more subjects and an increased diversity of instruments. It has also had to deal with an increased number of member states and an extended range of partners (regional authorities, non governmental organisations). These developments have greatly increased the risk of inconsistencies between the various policies pursued and between the various levels of competence for the same policy. Inconsistent policies are less effective than they ought to be. So, they imply a welfare loss.
The EU has tried to cope with the challenge of consistency by adapting its governance. Traditionally it uses mainly the regulatory method. The effectiveness of this method has recently come into question. So alternative methods are now favoured. One is the financial method; which implies more expenditure via the EU budget. The other is coordination. The application of both methods has certain advantages and disadvantages. The problem for policy makers is then to determine the choice between the modes first and the optimal level of budgetary and coordination efforts next. Notwithstanding its obvious policy relevance the problem has got little attention from academia.
This book sets out to contribute to a solution by following two approaches. The first is a systematisation of the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the financial and coordination methods. The second is an empirical investigation into a range of European policy processes, implying to different degrees budgetary outlays and coordination.
eBook
Half a Century of Cross-border Cooperation in Europe; Insights from the Cases of the EUREGIO and the EMR
European Integration has profoundly changed the situation of regions at the internal borders of the European Union. From peripheral regions in a national context they could develop into more central regions in a European context. In this article we analyse the development over a period of more than half a century of two cases. First the very first Euregio created (Twente-Oostgelderland, Westmuensterland and Grafschaft Bentheim) and second the Maas-Rhine region (around Maastricht, Aachen and Liege). The success of their pioneering work has resulted in 1990 in the taking up of cross-border cooperation (INTERREG) in European Cohesion Policy making. Cross-border cooperation is difficult; we describe how the success of our two cases depended on the good interplay of the main actors from the private, public and knowledge sectors. We also show that success depended critically on long-term financial support. We finally show the shift in focus from socio–cultural–economic issues to regional innovation system development.
Journal Article
Trans-border Cooperation in Europe: Lessons from an Early Experience
European Integration has profoundly changed the situation of regions atthe internal borders of the European Union. From peripheral regions in a national contextthey could develop into more central regions in a European context. Drawing theadvantages of this change in terms of socio-economic development is not easy and demandsthe cooperation of many actors. In this article we provide the case of an early experiencein this respect; the Euregio Meuse-Rhin (EMR) in the period 1980-2000. The main lessonthat can be learned from the EMR case for other parts of the EU is that development ofcross-border cooperation is a long learning process. The development path depends verymuch on the specific configuration and motivation of the drivers for cooperation. Amongthem individual entrepreneurs with vision are needed to ignite developments. However, toget things really off the ground and realise durable change it has proved essential to beable to use significant and sustained European financial support for key initiatives.
Journal Article
